矿物溶沉分区和水源地最佳勘探地段的确定

在利用化学水质分析资料,依据化学热力学理论,确定矿物溶沉特点和分布规律,编制矿物溶沉分区图,结合某区具体的地质、构造等条件,确定区内最佳勘探地段,勘探实践证实效果较好,最值得应用和推广的一种新方法。     

Hydraulic evolution and total suspended solids capture of an infiltration trench

Stormwater best management practice (BMP) design must incorporate the expected long‐term performance from both a water quantity and water quality perspective to sustainably mitigate hydrologic and water quality impacts of development. Infiltration trench structures are one of many infiltration BMPs that reduce runoff volume and capture pollutants. Research on the longevity of these structures is sparse, leading to concerns about their long‐term value and impeding implementation. In the present study, an infiltration trench was monitored from its inception to determine its hydrologic performance over time and total suspended solids (TSS) capture efficiency. The infiltration trench was intentionally undersized to accelerate longevity‐related processes. The infiltration trench provided a 36% TSS removal rate and displayed a distinct decrease in its ability to infiltrate stormwater runoff over the first three years of operation. Results indicate that infiltration through the bottom of the BMP became negligible, while infiltration through the sides of the BMP remained active over the 3‐year study period. The results lead to recommendations for BMP design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种公共交通的最优路径算法

在总结公交网络特点的基础上,提出了运用“燃烧”算法来计算公共交通系统的最优路径算法.并用一个简化的例子来说明这种算法的流程,最后结合北京公交网络的一些数据,对这种算法以及经典的Dijkstra算法做了几点比较,无论在空间还是时间复杂度上这种算法都大大优于Dijkstra算法.     

GPS基准站坐标分量噪声的时间序列与分类特征

根据地震预测对异常信息(长期、中期和短期异常)与噪声分离(白噪声、闪烁噪声和随机漫步噪声)的需要,文中应用小波方法对中国大陆的有关GPS基准站坐标分量和测站间坐标分量进行了分离,并将它们归纳为四类高频、中频、较低频和低频。通过对高频、中频和较低频的时间序列特征进行分类分析,获得如下看法:①高频类可能主要是白噪声造成的,其离散的程度较中频类略大,或许其中在某时刻包含临震前兆和震时形变信息;②中频类主要突出闪烁噪声的特征,或许其中在某时刻包含着短临前兆信息;③较低频类若剔除年和半年周期成分则显示随机漫步噪声的特点,或许其中包含着中期前兆信息;④低频类主要体现趋势性形变信息;⑤高频与中频类噪声的大小一般与观测季节明显有关,噪声最大的时段大约是8月份,噪声最小的时段大约是2月份;⑥判定不同频域信息的显著性时,其噪声要进行相应的综合或分离;⑦一定的空间域内的测站间坐标增量噪声平均小于测站相应坐标的噪声,而且噪声大小随时间的变化更加突出,甚至相差达一倍以上。这些可能说明,虽然这些噪声是GPS观测所固有的,但并非完全是独立的,测站间越近,共性的成分越突出。所有这些将为我们变形分析时信息显著性的判断、方法的选择、资料处理时权的确定、观测的最佳时段选择、跟踪监测方案制定和参考基准站的确定等提供重要的参考。     

利用费希尔最优分割法划分临夏盆地早更新统地层孢粉带的初步研究

将费希尔（Fisher）最优分割法引入到临夏盆地早更新统东山组地层孢粉带的划分中，结合地层特征，共划分出了3个孢粉带。这3个孢粉带分别为：带Ⅰ（深度78．5～45．5m）柏科-禾本科组合带、带Ⅱ（深度45．5～12．5m）云杉属-榆属-禾本科组合带、带Ⅲ（深度12．5～0．5m）云杉属一禾本科组合带。孢粉带分带揭示，临夏盆地早更新世气候变化经历了干-湿-干3个阶段，这一结果同以往获得的粒度、碳酸钙和Cl-等无机指标高分辨率分析结果相一致。     

Design and Analysis for Modeling and Predicting Spatial Contamination

Sampling and prediction strategies relevant at the planning stage of the cleanup of environmental hazards are discussed. Sampling designs and models are compared using an extensive set of data on dioxin contamination at Piazza Road, Missouri. To meet the assumptions of the statistical model, such data are often transformed by taking logarithms. Predicted values may be required on the untransformed scale, however, and several predictors are also compared. Fairly small designs turn out to be sufficient for model fitting and for predicting. For fitting, taking replicates ensures a positive measurement error variance and smooths the predictor. This is strongly advised for standard predictors. Alternatively, we propose a predictor linear in the untransformed data, with coefficients derived from a model fitted to the logarithms of the data. It performs well on the Piazza Road data, even with no replication.     

Storm runoff and sediment losses from forest clearcutting and stand re‐establishment with best management practices in East Texas,USA

Nine small (2·5 ha) and four large (70–135 ha) watersheds were instrumented in 1999 to evaluate the effects of intensive silvicultural practices with best management practices (BMPs) on runoff and stream water quality in the Western Gulf Coastal Plain of East Texas, USA. Two treatments were implemented in 2002: a conventional treatment with clearcutting and herbicide site preparation, and an intensive treatment that added subsoiling, fertilization and a release herbicide application. Watershed effects were compared with results from a previously conducted study on the same watersheds in 1981, in which two combinations of harvesting and mechanical site preparation without BMPs were evaluated. Due to the reduction in evapotranspirational demand, total storm runoff increased on all six treated small watersheds following harvest by 0·94 to 13·73 cm in 2003. Runoff increases were not statistically significant on the treated large watersheds. Total first‐year sediment loss was significantly greater on two of the conventional and one of the intensive small watersheds. The greatest first‐year increase was 540·1 kg ha^?1, only one‐fifth of that observed on these watersheds from shearing and windrowing without BMPs in 1981. First‐year sediment loss was significantly greater on the intensive large watershed following harvest, but not on the conventional large watershed. These data suggest that BMPs are very effective in reducing potential water quality impacts from intensive silvicultural practices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

主反射面变形引起的天线指向误差修正方法

射电天线指向精度通常要求小于主波束宽度的1/10, 对于短厘米波段或毫米波段的大口径反射面天线, 指向精度要求高达几个角秒, 对于天线性能目标的实现是个巨大的挑战, 因此对于大口径高频段的反射面天线来说指向问题成为天线性能实现的重要关注焦点. 在众多影响天线指向精度的结构子系统因素中, 对主反射面变形因素的研究很少. 文章结合天线的结构特点建立了反射面空间坐标系统, 并基于变形后主面点的空间坐标值, 提出了3自由度下的非线性最小二乘吻合的方法去精准预测天线指向. 最后利用空间几何关系严格推导出了服务于天线指向误差修正的俯仰和方位的精确调整量, 从而构建了主面变形同指向误差之间的间接关系, 这对大型射电天线指向精度的提升具有一定的指导意义.     

带时间窗的货物配送方案模型及其软件实现

首先根据原始资料构造货物配送方案的数学模型，其中考虑了行车距离和成本，同时对有时间窗的情况进行了分类处理，然后利用编程进行软件的实现，最后得到了一个可用于教学和科研的货物配送方案管理系统。     

Stormwater management network effectiveness and implications for urban watershed function: A critical review

Deleterious effects of urban stormwater are widely recognized. In several countries, regulations have been put into place to improve the conditions of receiving water bodies, but planning and engineering of stormwater control is typically carried out at smaller scales. Quantifying cumulative effectiveness of many stormwater control measures on a watershed scale is critical to understanding how small‐scale practices translate to urban river health. We review 100 empirical and modelling studies of stormwater management effectiveness at the watershed scale in diverse physiographic settings. Effects of networks with stormwater control measures (SCMs) that promote infiltration and harvest have been more intensively studied than have detention‐based SCM networks. Studies of peak flows and flow volumes are common, whereas baseflow, groundwater recharge, and evapotranspiration have received comparatively little attention. Export of nutrients and suspended sediments have been the primary water quality focus in the United States, whereas metals, particularly those associated with sediments, have received greater attention in Europe and Australia. Often, quantifying cumulative effects of stormwater management is complicated by needing to separate its signal from the signal of urbanization itself, innate watershed characteristics that lead to a range of hydrologic and water quality responses, and the varying functions of multiple types of SCMs. Biases in geographic distribution of study areas, and size and impervious surface cover of watersheds studied also limit our understanding of responses. We propose hysteretic trajectories for how watershed function responds to increasing imperviousness and stormwater management. Even where impervious area is treated with SCMs, watershed function may not be restored to its predevelopment condition because of the lack of treatment of all stormwater generated from impervious surfaces; non‐additive effects of individual SCMs; and persistence of urban effects beyond impervious surfaces. In most cases, pollutant load decreases largely result from run‐off reductions rather than lowered solute or particulate concentrations. Understanding interactions between natural and built landscapes, including stormwater management strategies, is critical for successfully managing detrimental impacts of stormwater at the watershed scale.