Crustal architecture of central Victoria: results from the 2006 deep crustal reflection seismic survey

A ～400 km long deep crustal reflection seismic survey was acquired in central Victoria, Australia, in 2006. It has provided information on crustal architecture across the western Lachlan Orogen and has greatly added to the understanding of the tectonic evolution. The east-dipping Moyston Fault is confirmed as the suture between the Delamerian and western Lachlan Orogens, and is shown to extend down to the Moho. The Avoca Fault, the boundary between the Stawell and Bendigo Zones, is a west-dipping listric reverse fault that intersects the Moyston Fault at a depth of about 22 km, forming a V-shaped geometry. Both the Stawell and Bendigo Zones can be divided broadly into a lower crustal region of interlayered and imbricated metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks and an upper crustal region of tightly folded metasedimentary rocks. The Stawell Zone was probably part of a Cambrian accretionary system along the eastern Gondwanaland margin, and mafic rocks may have been partly consumed by Cambrian subduction. Much of the Early Cambrian oceanic crust beneath the Bendigo Zone was not subducted, and is preserved as a crustal-scale imbricate thrust stack. The seismic data have shown that a thin-skinned structural model appears to be valid for much of the Melbourne Zone, whereas the Stawell and Bendigo Zones have a thick-skinned structural style. Internal faults in the Stawell and Bendigo Zones are mostly west-dipping listric faults, which extend from the surface to near the base of the crust. The Heathcote Fault Zone, the boundary between the Bendigo and Melbourne Zones, extends to at least 20 km, and possibly to the Moho. A striking feature in the seismic data is the markedly different seismic character of the mid to lower crust of the Melbourne Zone. The deep seismic reflection data for the Melbourne Zone have revealed a multilayered crustal structure that supports the Selwyn Block model.     

南海南部海域中中新世(T3界面)构造变革界面地震反射特征及构造含义

南海南部海域油气资源丰富,由于盆地沉积厚度大、沉积相横向变化快和构造演化复杂等原因,致使该海域新生代地层的划分方案差异大,地层时代的认识也存在较大分歧,这极大地制约了对盆地油气资源评价的正确认识.本文在总结国内外不同分层方案基础上,通过收集国外在南海南部深水区两口关键钻井的资料,开展曾母和北康两盆地重处理二维地震剖面的构造-地层解译,以及联井剖面的井震对比,重新识别和标定新生代重要构造变革面的地震反射特征.根据海域钻井、地层岩性、沉积环境、构造应力体系和古生物资料的综合对比研究,结合婆罗洲陆地测年结果和区域构造事件,重新厘定中中新世T₃构造变革面的发育时代,年龄为15～17 Ma,分析了该界面的构造含义,认为其是南海海底扩张停止的一个构造响应界面,在南海南部海域对应南沙运动,在北婆罗洲地区表现为沙巴造山运动.     

关于转变测绘地理信息行政管理职能的思考

政府职能转变已成为新时期深化行政管理体制改革的重要内容。适应形势发展需要,客观分析当前我国测绘地理信息行政管理职能转变的必要性,明确测绘信息地理行政管理职能转变的重点,对于深化我国测绘地理信息行政管理体制改革,促进测绘地理信息事业科学发展具有十分重要的意义。     

麟游地区含煤地层地震反射波特征研究

麟游含煤区属陕西省黄陇侏罗纪煤田,这里主要针对麟游含煤区的地震勘探工作进行了分析与总结.结合以往和近阶段做过的大量地震勘探工作以及取得的一定成果,综合利用对比的方法对煤层反射波属性进行提取,通过特征分析,总结出含煤地层地震反射波场的规律,对今后在麟游地区进一步开展地震勘探工作具有重要的指导意义,同时对于其它类型成煤区的地震反射波场研究也具有一定的借鉴意义.     

基于倾角中值滤波法的浅层反射地震叠前信噪分离技术

浅层反射地震资料中面波一般比较发育,对有效信号形成干扰,现有压制面波等相千干扰的处理手段主要适用于中深部、深部地震勘探,但并不适用于浅层反射地震资料的处理。为此提出了倾角中值滤波法。该方法是基于叠前地震单炮道集上反射波与强线性干扰在￡吨域视速度上的差异,在多组视倾角范围内,求取一个最佳视倾角,将最佳视倾角的振幅序列的中值视为相干干扰,利用“减去法”,达到信噪分离。通过模型与实际资料的处理,汪明该方法能够有效分离强线性干扰,并保留了强线性干扰的特性,提高了资料的信噪比,保真度高,是浅层高分辨率地震勘探的一种理想的叠前信噪分离技术。     

平原地区新近系横向厚度变化对深部目的层地震成像影响分析

在我国东部平原地区,新近系的厚度变化较大,对下部煤层反射波的准确成像产生巨大影响。致使地震解释出现煤层深度误差大、假向斜、假背斜及断层位置严重偏离等问题。通过模拟新近系起伏变化对深部目的层反射波的正演,发现目的层反射波随上覆低速层的起伏而起伏,其中断点的绕射波特征也随之出现较大变化,对此进行常规叠后偏移易出现成像失真。对此采取分时校正方法,计算出不同赋存深度条件下的煤层反射波校正量曲线．将获得的校正量运用叠后偏移处理,能较好地消除深部同相轴不正常的凹凸现象,实现对目的层构造及其形态的正确成像。济宁二号井八采区的实例证明,分时校正后的叠后偏移方法可有效消除新生界横向起伏变化对深部目的层准确成像的影响。     

Tectonic framework of Tiburon Basin,Gulf of California,from seismic reflection evidence

Tiburon Basin is characterized by a thick sedimentary fill that records the evolution of one of the rift segments of the East Pacific Rise. Its structure corresponds to an echelon pull-apart basin bounded by two dextral-oblique faults. Unlike basins in the southern Gulf of California that are underlain by oceanic crust, rift basins in the northern Gulf of California contain sedimentary thickness (up to 6 km) that masks the structure of the crust. To study the architecture of the Tiburon Basin, two-dimensional, multichannel seismic reflection data collected by Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) in the early 1980s were used. The data base is a grid of lines, 5–20 km apart, with 6 s of record in 48 channels. Additional seismic data of the Ulloa 99 project were also interpreted. Our results indicate that the general structural pattern of the Tiburon Basin is controlled by two dextral-oblique faults: De Mar and Tiburon. De Mar lies to the east and ends in elevated basement transferring the stress to the Desemboque fault. The latter borders the incoming basement from the Sonora and Tiburon faults to the west, ending to the north in an antiform. Four structural domains are recognized: (1) the northern Tiburon domain is a high basement that divides the Delfin Basin to the northeast and exhibits extensional folds with their axes parallel to the basement and its flanks; (2) the Libertad domain is a sheared basement high along the margin of Sonora and forms the right step of the Tepoca Basin to the north; (3) the Tiburon central domain defines a broad sag cut by a dense NE-striking pattern of normal faults with opposed dips in the depocentre and abruptly ends to the west against the Tiburon fault; and (4) the southern Tiburon domain forms a basement ramp offshore Isla Tiburon and is controlled by a pattern of NNE-striking normal faults on the south that likely connect at an oblique angle (?60°) to the De Mar fault. We propose a rhombochasm basin model with more than 6 s of sedimentary record in the depocentre, in which the basement is not recorded. The NW-trending faults in the Libertad domain possibly continue towards the Sonora coastal plain. The principal NW-trending dextral faults and the secondary NNE-striking pattern of normal faults cut the shallow strata of this domain.     

伊通河断裂及其稳定性评价

伊通河断裂的分布规律和危险性评价对长春市的发展和规划具有重要意义。在区域地质调查、区域地球物理数据处理基础上,利用地面电法、探地雷达和浅层地震探测,确定伊通河断裂呈近南北向分布,总体向西倾,倾角较大。根据探地雷达探测结果推断伊通河断裂切断白垩系地层,是一条早第四纪活动断层。分析伊通河断裂是强扭性断裂,处于伊通河断裂冲蚀谷地中。第四纪以来,特别是晚更新世以来,断裂活动趋于稳定,反生中强地震的概率很小。     

T72界面与塔中隆起上奥陶统碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层

T7^2界面为上奥陶统桑塔木组泥岩与良里塔格组灰岩地震反射界面,是塔里木盆地塔中、塔北隆起上奥陶统内部的一个重要构造-层序转换面,是早古生代碳酸盐台地型沉积向陆源碎屑充填沉积转换的标志.过去普遍认为两个组之间为连续沉积,界面性质系海侵上超并赋予“淹没台地”的涵义.但随着近年塔河油田南部地区的勘探和塔中隆起区北缘Ⅰ号断裂带油气富集规律性的深入研究,表明T7^2界面是一个区域性的古暴露界面和沉积间断界面.界面之下的上奥陶统良里塔格组顶面有明显的削蚀和截切现象,残存厚度在塔北、塔中之间存在极大的差异,反映塔北隆起T7^2界面的构造及风化壳岩溶作用明显强过塔中隆起.古暴露和风化壳岩溶作用导致T7^2界面之下的良里塔格组碳酸盐岩广泛发育岩溶,是塔中低凸起北缘Ⅰ号断裂构造带的主要油气藏聚集层位;在塔河南部,形成了一套厚度最大可达300m并贯穿良里塔格组与下伏恰尔巴克组、一间房组和鹰山组的古岩溶洞穴系统,造就了塔河油田今天以南部斜坡区上奥陶统良里塔格组灰岩古岩溶洞穴系统为主要油气储层的勘探大场面.     

用深地震反射方法研究邢台地震区地壳细结构

为了取得邢台地震区的地壳细结构,1990年冬,国家地震局地球物理研究所等实施了一条穿过华北平原中部束鹿断陷盆地的深地震反射剖面.经过叠加和偏移后的剖面显示出清晰的地壳细结构图像.剖面图上1-4s之间的强反射对应于由一组正断层产生的沉积层变形,其中新河断裂为束鹿盆地和新河凸起之间的边界主断裂,它伸展到8km以下深处.在5s左右显示出一组较强的反射界面,它可能对应于脆性上地壳的下界面.10-11s之间的壳-幔过渡带包含一组振幅大、连续性好的强反射,在震源下方的Moho界面上似乎被间断.岩浆从上地幔顶部侵入到地壳中,使得地壳可能出现部分熔融,这一过程是产生扩张盆地和发生邢台地震的主要原因.