On the distance to the Ophiuchus star‐forming region

The Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex has produced in Lynds 1688 the richest known embedded cluster within ∼300 pc of the Sun. Unfortunately, distance estimates to the Oph complex vary by nearly ∼40% (∼120–165 pc). Here I calculate a new independent distance estimate of 135±8 pc to this benchmark star‐forming region based on Hipparcos trigonometric parallaxes to stars illuminating reflection nebulosity in close proximity to Lynds 1688. Combining this value with recent distance estimates from reddening studies suggests a consensus distance of 139±6 pc (4% error), situating it within ∼11 pc of the centroid of the ∼5 Myr old Upper Sco OB subgroup of Sco OB2 (145 pc). The velocity vectors for Oph and Upper Sco are statistically indistinguishable within ∼1 km s^–1 in each vector component. Both Oph and Upper Sco have negligible motion (<1 km s^–1) in the Galactic vertical direction with respect to the Local Standard of Rest, which is inconsistent with the young stellar groups having formed via the high velocity cloud impact scenario. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Thermohaline structures across the Luzon Strait from seismic reflection data

A legacy seismic section across the Luzon Strait was reprocessed using the pre-stack depth migration method to reveal thermohaline structures in the water column. Distinct finescale and mesoscale features can be seen from the seismic image. Vertically, reflective patterns are associated with three water layers: upper layer, intermediate layer, and deep layer. The upper layer can be divided into three areas by two opposing weak-to-transparent zones from west to east with individual thicknesses: ～400, 550, and 700 m. They are interpreted as the South China Sea upper water, the Kuroshio water, and the Pacific upper water, respectively, separated by two Kuroshio frontal zones. Internal waves are ubiquitous in the Kuroshio water fluctuating in different amplitudes and wavelengths laterally. The finestructure shows the western Kuroshio front zone is composed of three subparallel blanking zones with an average eastward dipping angle of 2.3°. They are regarded as the well-mixed frontal interfaces developed in and along a multi-frontal frontal zone. The transparent reflection of the intermediate water above the Hengchun is suggestive of a well-mixed layer by the near-bottom turbulence. In the Pacific intermediate water near the eastern mouth of the Bashi Channel, there is an inverted crescent-shaped structure, which is likely associated with the intrusion of the South China Sea intermediate water through the Bashi Channel. These imaged features are consistent with the observed oceanographic phenomena in the region.     

江苏城市水文的实践与思考

江苏是全国经济发展最快省份之一,城市化率已达55.6%。随着城市化进展的加快,水文面临许多新问题。简要回顾了江苏城市水文的发展进程,总结了水文在城市防洪排涝、城市供水、水环境和水生态保护方面所发挥的作用,从江苏城市水文实践中得到了一些启示,并提出了加快城市水文发展的几点建议。     

蒙古国塔南凹陷下白垩统铜钵庙组地震反射特征

铜钵庙组是塔南凹陷的重要含油气层位,精细研究其层序地层,有助于进一步对油气藏进行勘探和开发。主要利用地震反射特征,结合单井资料,对铜钵庙组进行了层序界面的识别,并首次在本区对层序内部体系域地震反射特征进行详细研究。铜钵庙组顶、底界面( T3、T5) 为区域不整合面,分别表现为高角度不整合和“上超下剥”的反射特征; 内部以T3--1 为界分为2 个三级层级( SQ1、 SQ2) 。T3--1 为局部不整合面,主要表现为上超。体系域在本区东次凹上部层序SQ2 中发育完整,被首次上超面、末次上超面和顶部的下超面分为LST、TST、HST 和RST。在此基础上分析了铜钵庙组的内部反射结构,认为本区存在5 种主要反射结构,其中,杂乱反射、楔状反射、前积反射地震相出现在山( 陆架) 前地区,代表扇三角洲沉积; 亚平行反射、波状反射代表滨浅湖沉积或三角洲平原沉积; 平行反射位于盆地地堑中心,代表半深湖、深湖沉积。     

Closed-form solutions for wave reflection and transmission by vertical slotted barrier

In this paper, we introduce the closed-form solution developed by Kim in 1998 for calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients of a vertical slotted barrier, which is not well known because it is presented in his thesis. It is then compared with other closed-form solutions developed by different authors. It is shown that all the solutions give a wrong result for long waves, i.e., large reflection and small transmission. It is also shown that the inertia term is important for intermediate-depth and deep water waves so that the solution including the inertial effect gives better prediction than those neglecting the inertial effect. The accuracy of the existing closed-form solutions is not satisfactory, even though they have been developed based on fundamental fluid mechanics principles. We propose a hybrid solution several parameters of which are based on empirical formulas. The hybrid solution better predicts the reflection and transmission coefficients than the existing solutions. Moreover, it gives a correct result, i.e., small reflection and large transmission, for long waves.     

高、低产煤层气井AVO正演特征及其识别

利用鄂尔多斯盆地东缘地区煤层气勘探阶段的钻井与测井资料,获得该地区煤层气井主力储层5煤层与围岩的岩性特征及弹性参数,并应用基于zoeppritz方程的线性近似公式进行射线追踪模拟,以研究该区高、低丰度煤层气储层5煤层AVO响应特征。该区XX-3井煤层气高产井与XX-11低产井的AVO分析表明：高产气井的振幅随偏移距的增大存在明显的减弱现象,且其顶板负相位反射振幅呈现较强的负截距异常和正梯度异常,底板正相位反射振幅呈现较强的正截距异常和负梯度异常;而低产气井的AVO现象不明显,代表煤层顶底板反射波振幅梯度曲线异常变化较小。在该区地质条件下建立的识别高、低产煤层气井的AVO响应特征识别方法,可为煤层气试井质量提供新的判识手段。     

Scattering of obliquely incident water waves by partially reflecting non-transmitting breakwaters

In the present paper, analytic solutions are derived for scattering of water waves obliquely incident to a partially reflecting semi-infinite breakwater or breakwater gap. In order to examine the correctness of the derived solutions, they are compared with the solutions derived by McIver (1999) and Bowen and McIver (2002) for a semi-infinite breakwater and a breakwater gap, respectively, in the case of perfect reflection. The derived analytic solutions are used to investigate the effect of reflection coefficient of the breakwater and wave incident angle upon the tranquility at harbor entrance. The tranquility is deteriorated by the reflected waves as the reflection coefficient increases and as waves are incident more obliquely.     

南黄海浅部埋藏古地貌的特征、分布及其工程影响

高分辨率浅地层剖面资料显示,南黄海浅部大范围存在有埋藏古河道、埋藏古三角洲、埋藏古湖泊和埋藏古潮流沙脊等古地貌形态.根据声学反射特征可将这些埋藏古地貌进行识别,获得其类型、成因、分布、内部组成、外部形态及与周围地层接触关系等多方面较为详细的认识.同时,埋藏古地貌是一种海洋地质灾害现象,对海洋工程有着直接或者间接的影响.     

从日本地震反思我国旅游安全预警和救助体系的构建

在各种危及旅游安全的自然灾害与公共事件频发、我国国内旅游与出境旅游迅猛发展的双重背景下,探寻一套适合中国国情的旅游安全与救助体系显得日益迫切.文中通过对中日两国旅游安全预警与救助体系进行比较分析,认为中日两国的灾后救援和预警均存在诸多问题,并对我国旅游安全预警与救助体系进行了深刻的反思.在此基础上提出了框架性的策略:倡...