非对称圆弧片状声源在井旁地层中产生的声场

提出了一种可用于随钻三维反射声波成像测井的圆弧片状声源,推导了该声源声学性质在波数-频率域内的数学描述,并利用实轴积分的方法对该声源在井旁地层中产生的声场进行求解,考察了声源的线度、频率等因素对该声源向地层中辐射的声场的影响.研究结果表明,特定尺寸和特定频率下的圆弧片状声源产生的纵波场的水平和垂直指向性图中仅具有一个明显的主瓣,且主瓣三分贝角宽较窄,方位分辨率较高,指向性良好,适用于随钻三维反射成像测井;SV波场和SH波场的指向性图中存在两个或者多个角瓣,SV波场在垂直于井轴方向上辐射的能量为0,另外在井中发射和接收的反射SH波场和SV波场会相互干扰,所以难以利用SV波场和SH波场进行三维反射声波成像;声源的线度和频率等因素对其辐射声场影响较大,考虑到激励效率和方位分辨率等因素,对于本文描述的井孔模型,选择圆周角在75°和90°之间, 主频为12 kHz左右的声源是合适的.     

宽角反射地震波走时模拟的双重网格法

在研究地壳结构的人工源宽角反射地震资料解释中,常规宽角反射波走时和射线路径计算大都假定地壳模型为层状块状均匀介质.为了逼近实际地壳结构模型,要求模型尺度较大,为了提高地震资料解释的可靠性,须减小模型离散单元的尺寸,但同时计算量大大增加,使资料解释的效率较低.为此,本文尝试同时提高宽角反射地震资料解释效率和可靠性的方法,即使用双重网格计算宽角反射地震波走时和射线路径的最小走时树方法.双重网格法在均匀介质内部仅计算大网格节点,在速度变化点、震源点和检波点区域,同时计算小网格节点;在界面边界点使用比介质内部节点更大的子波传播区域.模型计算结果表明,对于大尺度的层状块状均匀介质模型,在保证精度的条件下,本文所提出的双重网格射线追踪方法的计算效率比单网格方法显著提高.     

面波法在堤坝隐患勘查中的应用

本文列举了采用面波法勘探探测堤坝管涵、土洞、白蚁巢穴、土体疏松带、滑坡体等隐患及评价坝体质量的成功实例,并对堤坝隐患的工程物探勘查提出建议.     

怀来地震台体应变有震异常分析

介绍了怀来地震台体应变所处地质构造情况,根据怀来地震台体应变观测资料,分析了华北北部近年来中强地震及本区4．4级地震与体应变异常的关系,结果显示,怀来体应变异常与地震活动有较好的对应关系,且基本是短临异常。     

探地雷达空气回波特点与处理方法

探地雷达发射的电磁波在整个空间传播,存在空气中回波,空气中回波可分为以下3种：直达波、系统振铃、反射回波。直达波位于探地雷达记录的初期很小时间段,对识别地下介质反射影响不大,系统振铃和地表反射体的回波是探地雷达探地工作的主要干扰。空气中反射体的反射回波时距曲线一般有两种形式：双曲线型、线型。可以通过计算介质中电磁波波速来识别反射回波是空气中反射体形成的,还是地下介质反射形成的。应用水平背景移除、二维滤波可以有效滤除探测剖面中的水平和倾斜同向轴干扰信号;利用地下介质和空气中雷达波速进行偏移处理的资料进行对比解释可以有效提高解释的正确性。     

地震海洋学研究进展

传统船舶调查获取海洋水体温盐资料的方法在水平方向上分辨率较低,而用反射地震探测海洋水体特性的方法--地震海洋学,能有效提高海水温盐资料在水平方向上的分辨率.概述了近5年来地震海洋学的发展过程,重点介绍了地震海洋学方法在海洋锋面观测、水团边界划分、海洋内波分析、中尺度涡旋等方面的研究成果,以及AVO、全波形反演等反射地震处理方法在海洋水体特性研究中的应用.比较了地震海洋学方法与声层析技术、高频声技术等声学方法应用于海洋水体特性研究的异同.并展望了下一步研究工作的重点:①有关地震反射剖面的各种参数与海洋水体温盐结构物理模型的联系及其定量分析;②以研究海洋水体特性为目标的地震反射剖面的处理方法;③海洋地震调查历史数据的应用.     

凤凰山地区蒲江-新津-德阳隐伏断裂反射波法地震勘探与断裂活动性研究

利用反射波法地震勘探确定了在凤凰山地区蒲江-新津-德阳隐伏断裂通过的具体位置以及断裂的规模和性质,证明了该断裂在向东俯冲的过程中错切了晚更新统沉积物,具有明显的第四纪活动性,对凤凰山台地的形成起到了一定的控制作用。地面地质调查及历史地震研究也证明蒲江-新津-德阳隐伏断裂具有晚更新世活动性,且断裂南段的活动性明显强于北段,表明该断裂的北段是成都平原内部的一条弱地震活动带。同时,文中还对在城市近郊人烟繁杂地带反射波法地震勘探中野外观测系统的布置及地震参数的选取进行了探索,小道间距、小偏移距、多接收道、短排列、多次覆盖、高频检波器接收的工作方法和野外地震参数的合理选取对实现主要干扰波和反射波信号的有效分离,提高地震勘探分辨率起到了至关重要的作用     

Shallow water body data processing based on the seismic oceanography

Physical properties of sea water,such as salinity,temperature,density and acoustic velocity,could be demarcated through degradation of energy caused by water absorption,attenuation and other factors.To overcome the challenging difficulties in the quick monitoring of these physical properties,we have explored the high resolution marine seismic survey to instantly characterize them.Based on the unique wavefield propagating in the sea water,we have developed a new approach to suppress the noise caused by the shallow sea water disturbance and obtain useful information for estimating the sea water structure.This approach improves seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution.The seismic reflection imaging can map the sea water structure acoustically.Combined with the knowledge of local water body structure profile over years,the instant model for predicting the sea water properties could be built using the seismic data acquired from the specially designed high precision marine seismic acquisition.This model can also be updated with instant observation and the complete data processing system.The present study has the potential value to many applications,such as 3D sea water monitoring,engineering evaluation,geological disaster assessment and environmental assessment.     

塔里木盆地结晶基底的反射地震调查

大型克拉通内部沉积盆地基底组构与盆地起源和油气聚集有密切关系.除了钻井岩心及周缘露头研究可提供盆地结晶基底类型证据外,反射地震信号记录了沉积盆地起源时期的有关大地构造作用信息,盆地基底组构可通过记录长度大的反射地震剖面研究.2007年中石化在塔里木盆地将1400 km的地震剖面接收记录从6 s加长到12 s,为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底的组构和类型提供了难得的第一手资料.这篇文章主要介绍这次调查的反射地震剖面,讨论深反射地震数据处理的关键技术,展示塔里木盆地巴楚—塔中地区的四条12 s反射地震剖面,并对反射剖面的散射模式作初步分析.本次调查表明,将地震剖面接收记录从6 s加长到12 s,采集处理的成本只增加了3％左右,但是可为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底和上地壳不均匀性提供很有价值的第一手资料.     

Basin-scale structure control of Carlin-style gold deposits in central Southwestern Guizhou,China: Insights from seismic reflection profiles and gravity data

Carlin-style gold deposits are widely distributed in Southwestern Guizhou, China. Research has dominantly focused on deposit-scale geology and structural control of mineralization. The relationship between the gold deposits and regional structures, in particular their control on the formation and distribution of those deposits is less well understood. Here we use seismic survey and gravity data to reveal the basin-scale structure control of the gold deposits in central Southwestern Guizhou. The seismic reflection profiles show strong reflection horizons including Upper Permian coal measures, and Dongwu and Guangxi unconformities. The seismic data provide important evidence of the basinal structural style and the relationship between fault-related folding and the Carlin-style gold deposits. Regional gravity data also revealed several paleo-uplifts, which appear to control the distribution of Carlin-style gold deposits.The Carlin-style gold deposits are spatially and temporally associated with fault-related folds. Based on their location, we classify the gold deposits into two types, (1) low-angle thrust-controlled deposits; and (2) high-angle reverse fault-related deposits. In the low-angle thrust-controlled deposits, main thrusts are listric, strike NW-SE and dip southwest. These thrusts detach into coal measures, tuffs and volcanic rocks and are bedding-parallel in the vicinity of the Dongwu unconformity. Gold ore bodies are found in the thrusts and characterized by cutting-layer veins near the surface and bedding-parallel veins at depth. The high-angle reverse fault-related deposits are located in the hinge of northeast-southwest-striking fault-related folds, with high-angle reverse faults near the hinge of folds crosscutting the Upper Permian coal measures, volcanic rocks and Dongwu unconformity, and then into the limestone of Middle Permian Maokou Formation. Ore bodies are bedding-parallel in anticline culminations where interlayer fracture zones in Upper Permian coal measures and volcanic rocks are generated by high-angle reverse faulting.We consider that the formation of the gold deposits is part of the tectonic evolution in the area. The two sets of NW-SE- and NE-SW-striking fault-related folds were successively formed during the closure of eastern Tethys Ocean in Late Triassic, and major gold deposits formed in the fault-related folds. The Dongwu unconformity and faults provided conduits for ore fluid flow, and the coal measures and the tuffs of Dachang Member acted as detachment layers and hosts for ore deposition.