扬子地块北缘晚二叠世长兴期岩相古地理

扬子地块北缘与秦岭接壤,晚二叠世长兴期岩石地层单元为长兴组和大隆组。长兴组为一套碳酸盐岩沉积,沉积单元包括台地相、台地边缘礁滩相以及台地边缘斜坡相等;而大隆组则主要为一套灰黑至黑色薄层硅质岩、炭质页岩夹薄层泥晶灰岩,为一套较深水盆地沉积的产物。研究结果表明,这一深水盆地环境大致从西边的广元开始,向东经旺苍、南江与鄂西地区相连成为一广阔海域,扬子地块与华北地块隔海相望。这一沉积格局不仅为油气勘探工作的部署奠定了坚实的基础,而且可能反映出扬子地块与华北地块在此之前已经成为统一陆块。     

The intrinsic effect of shape on the retrogradation motif and timing of drowning of carbonate patch reef systems (Lower Frasnian,Bugle Gap,Canning Basin,Western Australia)

The evolution and architecture of a set of retreating Lower Frasnian patch reef outcrops in the Canning Basin of Western Australia were evaluated, and their depositional and stratigraphic contacts spatially recorded using digital surveying tools. The geological data, together with high‐resolution digital elevation models, were assembled in three‐dimensional visualization and modelling software and subsequently used for building two‐dimensional surface models and three‐dimensional volumetric models. Numerical data on geometry and shape were extracted from these models and used to quantitatively assess the retrogradation motif of patch reef development. The development of the patch reefs comprises three stages. During stages 1 and 2, the patch reefs exhibited an overall retrogradational escarpment‐type configuration displayed by, on average, 60° steep reef‐margin walls that lacked the support of coeval slope deposits. The subdivision between stages 1 and 2 is based on minor backstepping reducing less than 10% of the platform‐top area. The onset of stage 3 is recognized by stromatolite development fringing reef‐margin walls. During stage 3 an aggrading accretionary reef‐margin developed, comprising allochthonous and autochthonous slope deposits. Both types of slope deposit onlap the previous stages and are distributed unevenly with allochthonous slope deposits being noticeably absent around the smaller and more elongate patch reefs. The variation in distribution of slope sediment type can be explained by the amount, linked to platform size, of platform‐top shedding. Small patch reefs were unable to fill the available accommodation adjacent to escarpments with allochthonous slope sediments and were thus encroached by autochthonous slope sediments. The variation, which cannot be explained by the size difference in the platform‐top factory, has been related to the difference in perimeter length. For patch reefs with similar platform‐top production areas, a more elongate patch reef inherits a longer perimeter and a proportionally smaller volume of allochthonous slope sediment per margin length will be transported to the flanks. Thus, the more elongate patch reef intrinsically contained more sites within which autochthonous slope sediments developed. Digital outcrop modelling and numerical evaluation of the evolution of the patch reefs revealed the major differences in retrogradation motif. The quantified variations in progressive decline of platform‐top area with height were confirmed by hypothetical decline curves for ellipse‐shaped carbonate systems for which aspect ratio (ratio between length and width) varied. This mathematical model demonstrates that the progressive decline of the production area is highly sensitive to shape and can be used to numerically assess and predict the relative timing of drowning, i.e. when the platform‐top production area becomes nil, of retrogradational isolated carbonate platforms that are controlled by high accommodation. Wider implications can be surmised for highstand systems tracts and prograding carbonate systems. For example, for equally sized platforms with hypothetically similar carbonate factories and identical external forces, the potential to prograde by platform‐top shedding is higher with a smaller aspect ratio because the shorter perimeter implies less accommodation space needing to be filled up to commence slope progradation. Clearly, there are intrinsic effects of shape on the development of carbonate platform systems.     

Quantitative Evaluation of the Sea-level Drop at the End-Permian: Based on Reefs

The amplitude of pre-Quaternary sea level drop, H, can be calculated by using the formula H = D + To, where To is the original thickness from the top of the tidal deposits on the reef core to the bottom of the tidal deposits on the reef front, or to the bottom of the ancient meteoric vadose zone, or to the edge of the mixed-water dolostone zone. The identity and similarity between the sea-level drop amplitudes calculated from different reefs far away from each other indicates that such sea-level changes are eustatic rather than relative changes. Evidence of an end-Permian sea-level drop has been found on the Changxingian (i.e. the end of the Palaeofusulina zone) reefs at Ziyun in South China, including algal laminated deposits, sabkha-related dolostone, desiccation cracks, dissolution collapse breccia. According to calculation based on the meteoric dissolution zone of the reef-core sequence at Ziyun, Guizhou province, the amplitude of the sea-level drop at the end-Permian is about 89.3 m. Calculation vi     

川东南志留系石牛栏组生物礁沉积特征

本文通过露头、钻井及地震剖面等,对川东南志留系石牛栏组沉积相进行了详细解剖.石牛栏组生物礁在地震剖面上呈丘状体,杂乱反射特征明显.石牛栏组两期礁滩旋回在平面上的展布特征为:早期台地边缘礁滩相以沉积生屑滩为主,有少量点礁分布其中;晚期台地边缘礁滩相以沉积大量点礁为主.川东南石牛栏组生物礁的沉积模式为碳酸盐岩缓坡模式,生物礁为发育在碳酸盐岩缓坡上的点礁群.     

西琛1井碳酸盐岩的矿物成分、地化特征及地质意义

西沙群岛晚新生代碳酸盐岩是南海形成演化的产物,它的矿物组成、化学成分和Sr同位素组成可以较好地反映其形成时的古海洋环境.西沙群岛西琛1井是南海最深的全取心钻井,揭示3层白云岩和4层石灰岩.其中.白云岩层具有MgO含量高、Sr总量低的特点,同时出现岩盐、赤铁矿和菱锰矿等指相矿物,反映了古海水盐度较高的氧化环境,对应着三个冰期事件;石灰岩层具有MgO含量低、Sr总量高的特点,同时出现菱铁矿和黄铁矿等指相矿物,反映了古海水盐度较低的还原环境,对应着四个间冰期事件.整体上看,西沙群岛晚新生代碳酸盐岩中Sr的总量和87Sr/86Sr自下而上表现为递增趋势,受控于欧亚和印度板块碰撞引起的青藏高原隆升大的构造背景.但又具有明显的分层性,其中,中-上中新统白云岩层Sr含量偏低,而87Sr/86Sr增加趋势明显,与最大一次冰期事件引起的海退和强烈的白云岩化作用有关;上上新统-全新统石灰岩层Sr总量骤增,87Sr/86Sr明显减小,且变化幅度大,与中新世的白云岩化作用和第四纪幔源岩浆强烈喷发有关.     

湖南晚二叠世生物礁成岩作用的碳,氧同位素研究

本文通过对湖南晚二叠世生物礁中的有关胶结物及岩石的碳、氧稳定同位素研究,并结合薄片观察、探针成分分析、包裹体测温等,探讨了该地区生物礁成岩作用中的有关成岩特征。研究认为：①湖南晚二叠世生物礁中胶结物从早期到晚期δ＾１３Ｃ和δ＾１８Ｏ值总体上均有变轻的趋势,反映了礁体为一连续埋藏的成岩过程;②生物礁中所见白云石化现象主要属埋藏压实成因,礁休基本未受早期淡水或混合水影响;③礁中粗晶方解石胶结物形成于深     

串管海绵一新属——新瓜达卢佩海绵属(Neoguadalupia),兼论塞巴加斯海绵科各属间的关系

本文论述了云南广南董那孟下二叠统生物礁内的串管海绵化石,提出塞巴加斯海绵科具有三个明显演化分枝,这是它们对不同生态环境长期适应的结果。文章讨论了新属Neoguadalupia与相关属的区别,确立了在串管海绵演化史上的地位,并详细描述和讨论了Neoguadalupia elegana gen.et sp.nov.     

皖南屯溪盆地陆相层序地层学特征

在１：５万区调对屯溪－休宁中生代盆地各类陆相沉积建造基本层序的调查基础上，对相应的沉积环境、沉积相进行了分析描述，根据主要受构造作用控制的各类界面将侏罗－白垩纪地层划分为四级地层层序；按照不同的沉积体系空间配置与层序样式的关系，划分了相应的陆相沉积体系域，对红层盆地进行了层序地层学分析。     

济阳坳陷古近系湖相生物礁油气藏研究

济阳坳陷局部地区古近系发育以藻礁为主的生物礁,作为一种高产油气的储集体,礁体呈复式,可分为礁核、礁前及礁后相。礁体在成分上以枝管藻、龙介虫等构成的藻白云岩为主,具有良好的储集性能。根据组成礁体的岩性特征,生物礁可分为藻礁、藻礁丘及藻生物层三种类型。其中藻礁储集性能最佳,对生物礁储层影响较大的成岩作用有白云岩化、同生胶结、大气渗流溶蚀及深埋藏溶蚀作用。生物礁油藏主要产于邻近洼陷的构造台地或边缘地区。根据构造、岩性及地层的匹配关系,可分为礁型地层、断块—岩性及岩性三种类型。     

西沙西科1井第四系生物礁-碳酸盐岩的岩石学特征

从西科1井生物礁-碳酸盐岩的岩心观察和岩石学特征的分析入手, 重点刻画了第四系全新-更新统乐东组生物礁-碳酸盐岩的岩石类型和生物礁类型.543片铸体薄片分析和214.89 m岩心观察表明: 岩石类型主要为粒泥灰岩、泥粒灰岩和骨架灰岩, 其次为粘结灰岩、颗粒灰岩、漂砾灰岩和砾屑灰岩.在纵向上, 埋深0~10 m层段以颗粒灰岩为主, 埋深10~22 m层段为生物碎屑砂分布段, 埋深22.00~214.89 m层段以粒泥灰岩、泥粒灰岩和骨架灰岩为主.生物礁类型以骨架礁为主, 造礁生物为珊瑚和少量珊瑚藻.骨架礁在埋深0~214.89 m均有发育, 丛状和块(段)状礁仅分布于埋深83~98 m.