盆地动力学研究综述及展望

沉积盆地是地球系统的浅层组成部分,是壳-幔、岩石圈-软流圈两级圈层相互作用的浅部表现形式。沉积盆地分析不仅可以揭示不同类型化石能源、沉积型层控矿产、砂岩型铀矿等资源的分布规律,为矿产勘探提供直接依据,而且可以为大地构造演化过程、重大构造事件、全球环境变迁及气候演变提供丰富资料和详细证据。当代盆地分析不断从单一沉积学分析拓展到综合分析,从静态要素分析拓展到过程和动力机制分析。盆地动力学研究内容包括3部分,即以沉积学分析为主的盆地充填动力学、以构造地质学分析为主的盆地形成演化动力学和多学科交叉的盆地流体动力学研究。近10多年来,盆地动力学研究在深水沉积学、高精度层序地层学、源-汇系统、源区剥蚀过程及其深部响应、大陆边缘盆地动力学及盆地流体动力学等方面取得了长足的进展。     

金矿焙烧工艺生产处理液中汞测量不确定度的评定

本文针对原子荧光对金矿焙烧工艺生产中汞处理液的测定,找出了影响其测量不确定度的因素,建立了数学模型,计算出各不确定度的分量,求出合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度。     

内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床成矿流体演化与成矿作用

内蒙古谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床位于大兴安岭中段华力西期、燕山期成矿带上,是一个大中型的火山喷发沉积-热液富集型矿床。在对谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床的物质组成分析的基础上,着重对流体包裹体和稳定同位素进行分析,以此来研究该矿床的成矿流体演化和成矿作用。研究表明,从热液作用早期到中期,具有成矿温度递减、盐度升高的趋势,两者呈负相关变化,指示流体发生了沸腾作用;从热液作用中期到晚期,具有成矿温度递减、盐度降低的趋势,两者呈正相关变化,指示流体发生了混合作用。S、Pb、C、H、O同位素组成表明,金属物质主要来自赋矿岩石和下伏地层,同时还有深部岩浆物质的参与。成矿热液为大气降水补给加热的循环地下水和岩浆水组成的的混合流体,后期又有大量的大气降水补充,使得成矿流体与围岩发生了强烈的同位素交换。矿化和蚀变作用是在水/岩比值比较低的体系中进行的。谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床的成矿流体总体表现为中低温、低盐度、低密度的热液。构造热效应、地热梯度和多次的岩浆喷气热是驱动流体活化迁移的主要因素。构造体制转换使流体稳定体系发生改变,压力释放发生沸腾作用,造就铁、锌在有利位置富集成矿。     

Shaking table test and analysis method on ultimate behavior of slender base‐isolated structure supported by laminated rubber bearings

This paper describes the results of shaking table tests to ascertain the ultimate behavior of slender base‐isolated buildings and proposes a time history response analysis method, which can predict the ultimate behavior of base‐isolated buildings caused by buckling fracture in laminated rubber bearings. In the tests, a base‐isolated structure model weighing 192 kN supported by four lead rubber bearings is used. The experimental parameters are the aspect ratio of height‐to‐distance between the bearings and the shape of and the axial stress on the bearings. The test results indicate that the motion types of the superstructure at large input levels can be classified into three types: the sinking type; the uplift type; and the mixed type. These behaviors depend on the relationship between the static ultimate lateral uplifting force on the superstructure and the lateral restoring characteristics of the base‐isolated story. In the analysis method, bearing characteristics are represented by a macroscopic mechanical model that is expanded by adding an axial spring to an existing model. Nonlinear spring characteristics are used for its rotational, shear, and axial spring. The central difference method is applied to solve the equation of motion. To verify the validity of the method, simulation analysis of the shaking table tests are carried out. The results of the analysis agree well with the test results. The proposed model can express the buckling behavior of bearings in the large deformation range. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云南六合富碱斑岩中花岗岩包体锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

滇西地区沿金沙江-哀牢山断裂带广泛发育新生代富碱斑岩,其中六合富碱斑岩中发现了与镁铁-超镁铁质深源包体紧密共生的花岗岩包体.本文对花岗岩包体中锆石进行了阴极发光图像、LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析和U-Pb定年研究.研究表明,该花岗岩包体中锆石可分为岩浆锆石、老核新壳的复合岩浆锆石和变质交代成因锆石;复合岩浆锆石的新壳...     

L形和U形三维钝体结构绕流的数值模拟研究

采用大涡模型对L形和U形三维钝体建筑物的绕流特性和风压分布特性进行数值研究。考虑平均和脉动速度入口边界,在雷诺数为1.5×10~5～7×10~5条件下,对2种钝体的9种分析工况进行瞬态动力分析,并将计算结果与已有研究进行对比。研究表明,钝体绕流对周围流场影响的强弱程度依次为尾流区、屋顶区、来流区,影响大小随着流场与钝体之间距离、钝体建筑高宽比、离地高度的增大而减小,且对来流区0.25H、屋顶上部0.4H、左右两侧0.5H、尾流区2.0H范围内流场的影响最大;钝体迎风面风压分布比较均匀,而侧面、背面和顶面受绕流涡旋的影响较大,平均风压分布较为复杂,并与脉动风压分布具有类似的变化趋势。研究结果对结构抗风设计与建筑风环境设计具有一定的参考价值。     

高层隔震结构扭转分析

为研究高层隔震结构在地震作用下的扭转效应,用Etabs软件建立1个高层抗震结构和4个具有不同扭转特性的高层隔震结构的空间模型进行地震响应分析,以验证此原则上部结构质量中心与隔震层刚度中心的重合与否对结构扭转效应的影响程度,而后考察偏心高层隔震结构在偶然偏心地震作用下结构的扭转效应。结果表明:由于地震作用的减小,扭转效应要远小于原抗震结构,且隔震本身对于结构扭转效应的抑制效果要好于上述原则;扭转效应的减震率大于平动效应的减震率。布置在隔震层平面外围的铅芯橡胶隔震支座对隔震层的扭转有一定的控制作用。     

Numerical simulation of the seismic behavior of self-centering steel beam-column connections with bottom flange friction devices

A new type of steel moment resisting frame with bottom ? ange friction devices (BFFDs) has been developed to provide self-centering capacity and energy dissipation, and to reduce permanent deformations under earthquakes. This paper presents a numerical simulation of self-centering beam-column connections with BFFDs, in which the gap opening /closing at the beam-column interfaces is simulated by using pairs of zero-length elements with compression-only material properties, and the energy dissipation due to f...     

大陆造山带岩石圈拆沉过程的数值模拟

岩石圈拆沉作用是指部分岩石圈由于重力不稳定性而沉入软流圈中的过程,与造山带的演化密切相关.本文基于非牛顿流体近似的有效黏度模型对岩石圈拆沉的过程进行了数值模拟,着重分析了岩石圈的黏度结构对拆沉作用的影响.数值模拟显示,下地壳控制着地壳与岩石圈地幔的耦合程度,对拆沉作用的过程和形态有很大的影响;在一定的初始重力不稳定性条...     

Effects of turbulence on the transport of individual particles as bedload in a gravel‐bed river

This study investigates the association between mean and turbulent flow variables and the movement of individual particles in a gravel‐bed river. The experimental design implemented in the Eaton‐North River (Québec, Canada) is based on the simultaneous observations at a high temporal resolution of both particle movements as bedload using an underwater video camera and of the streamwise and vertical flow velocity components using a vertical array of three electromagnetic current meters (ECMs). The frequency and distance of displacement of particles larger than 20 mm that were sliding or rolling on the bed were measured from a 10 minutes long film. Mean and turbulent flow properties obtained for periods without sediment transport are compared to those when particles were sliding and rolling. When particles are sliding, weak differences are present for the mean streamwise velocity and normal vertical stresses. Instantaneous Reynolds shear stresses are significantly lower for sliding events which was not expected but could be explained by the important dominance of Quadrant 3 events (inward interactions). When particles are rolling, only the vertical normal stresses show a weak difference from those observed in the absence of transport but they tend to occur when Quadrant 2 (ejections) dominate the flow field. For both sliding and rolling particles, vertical and/or streamwise fluid accelerations show high magnitude values when compared to periods without transport. For sliding particles, streamwise acceleration is mostly negative and combines most of the time with a positive vertical acceleration. For rolling particles, streamwise and vertical acceleration are predominantly of opposite sign. These results suggest that fluid acceleration or deceleration in the streamwise and vertical directions is affecting the pressure field around particles. In this study, fluid acceleration seems to play a more important role than Reynolds shear stress or normal stresses for bedload movements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.