青藏高原隆升与环境效应

通过对青藏高原北缘库木库里盆地新生代沉积建造、孢粉、阶地热年龄、沉积响应的调查研究，得出青藏高原新生代的渐新世、上新世和更新世一全新世形成的三套磨拉石建造代表青藏高原最强烈的三次隆升作用；自渐新世以来到上新世晚期高原隆升幅度达1500～2000m，更新世、全新世高原隆升了约2500m，46．4Ka．Bp至今高原隆升了约44m；青藏高原的隆升速率由渐新世开始有愈来愈强烈的趋势，预示青藏高原的隆升是一个多阶段、不等速和非均变的复杂过程；根据库木库里盆地沉积演化揭示青藏高原的隆升经历了早中渐新世早期隆升期、晚渐新世——早中新世早期稳定剥蚀夷平期、早中新世中晚期小幅隆升期、中中新世较稳定剥蚀夷平期、晚中新世振荡隆升期、上新世快速隆升期、更新世一全新世强烈隆升期共七个隆升阶段；并探讨了高原隆升引起的气候干燥、生物灭绝、荒漠化等多种环境效应。     

基于共反射点叠加的观测参数选择

在地震勘探数据处理中，通常采用的共中心点(CMP)叠加技术对于复杂的地质构造难以取得好的效果。若通过从道间距、覆盖次数等观测参数与目标层地层倾角、共反射点离散度的关系出发，并结合模型正演，对复杂构造地层的观测参数选取进行优化，使之能对目标层尤其是逆断层下降盘的阴影层段进行较充分的“照明”，即可得到共反射点叠加剖面，这对共反射点叠加是一项有益的研究。     

Apports de la méthode sismique réflexion haute résolution à l'identification des structures profondes des formations tertiaires en Médoc (Gironde,France) : implications hydrogéologiques

Near Bordeaux (France), the Oligocene aquifer is a potential target for drinking water supply. A high-resolution seismic campaign and several exploration wells helped to clarify the geometry of this formation and, as a consequence, the Medoc Tertiary aquifers. The major information extracted from these new data is the existence of a soft deformation inducing two different deposit areas, showing different hydrogeological characteristics (thickness, type, hydraulic properties, etc.). The presence of an erosional gap area affecting the Oligocene formations lead us to propose a new image of groundwater flow in the area, in the context of a predicted intensive exploitation of this resource. To cite this article: F. Larroque, A. Dupuy, C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

Deep seismic reflection profiling in the Archaean northeastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: implications for crustal architecture and mineral potential

Deep seismic reflection data across the Archaean Eastern Goldfields Province, northeastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, have provided information on its crustal architecture and on several of its highly mineralised belts. The seismic reflection data allow interpretation of several prominent crustal scale features, including an eastward thickening of the crust, subdivision of the crust into three broad layers, the presence of a prominent east dip to the majority of the reflections and the interpretation of three east-dipping crustal-penetrating shear zones. These east-dipping shear zones are major structures that subdivide the region into four terranes. Major orogenic gold deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province are spatially associated with these major structures. The Laverton Tectonic Zone, for example, is a highly mineralised corridor that contains several world-class gold deposits plus many smaller deposits. Other non crustal-penetrating structures within the area do not appear to be as well endowed metallogenically as the Laverton structure. The seismic reflection data have also imaged a series of low-angle shear zones within and beneath the granite–greenstone terranes. Where the low-angle shear zones intersect the major crustal-penetrating structures, a wedge shaped geometry is formed. This geometry forms a suitable fluid focusing wedge in which upward to subhorizontal moving fluids are focused and then distributed into the nearby complexly deformed greenstones.     

The reflection of plane waves in a poroelastic half-space saturated with inviscid fluid

This paper discusses surface displacements, surface strain, rocking, and energy partitioning during reflection-of-plane waves in a fluid-saturated poroelastic half-space. The medium is modeled by Biot's theory, and is assumed to be saturated with inviscid fluid. A linear porosity-modulus relation based on experimental data on sandstones is used to determine the material parameters for Biot's model. Numerical results in terms of angle of incident waves and Poisson's ratio are illustrated for various porosities and degrees of solid frame stiffness. The results show that the amount of solid frame stiffness controls the response of a fluid-saturated porous system. A poroelastic medium with essentially dry-frame stiffness behaves like an elastic medium, and the influence of pore fluid increases as dry-frame stiffness is reduced. The effects of a second P-wave become noticeable in poroelastic media with low dry-frame stiffness.