某水库诱发地震的危险性预测

在某工程的区域稳定性研究和水库区工程地质调查的基础上,综合分析了水库的区域地震地质条件。依据实际存在的诱发地震条件组合,对该水库诱发地震的环境进行了分区评价。重点研究了水库区地质背景、水库诱发地震的关键因素及水库诱发地震的潜在危险性预测等方面。研究表明水库在运行过程中有发生裂隙断块岩体型或裂隙喀斯特岩体型诱发地震的可能性,但诱发地震强度仅为微震或弱震,其基本烈度不会超过历史构造地震对区内的影响。     

中国基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量的时空耦合关系研究

以2007-2017年中国31个省区(未含港澳台地区)为研究对象,在厘清基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量耦合机理基础上,构建基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量评价指标体系,运用数据包络分析模型和熵值法测算基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量水平,运用耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型,分析两者耦合协调的时空特征及其主要障碍因子.结果表明:①中国...     

地学信息图谱的基础理论探讨

文章在分析地学信息图谱的发展现状的基础上,从基本概念与特点、研究内容与目标、研究意义等几方面来阐述地学信息图谱的基本理论,最后对地学信息图谱的发展前景进行了展望。     

上海市基础地理要素编码标准编制研究

对以城市道路和街坊为核心的基础地理要素编码方法进行研究,克服了传统的城市基础地理要素编码方法中因人为因素造成编码在唯一性、扩展性和稳定性方面的缺陷,提出将编码内容与地理要素的地理位置相关联,且充分体现唯一性、扩展性和稳定性的网格化城市基础地理要素编码方法。由该方法编制的覆盖上海全市的基础地理要素编码可供上海城市规划、建设与管理使用。同时为促进上海空间基础地理信息的共享和交换,推动城市GIS的开发利用创造条件。     

Evolution of a magma-driven earthquake swarm and triggering of the nearby Oldoinyo Lengai eruption, as resolved by InSAR, ground observations and elastic modeling, East African Rift, 2007

An earthquake swarm struck the North Tanzania Divergence, East African Rift over a 2 month period between July and September 2007. It produced approximately 70 M > 4 earthquakes (peak magnitude Mw 5.9), and extensive surface deformation, concurrent with eruptions at the nearby Oldoinyo Lengai volcano. The spatial and temporal evolution of the entire deformation event was resolved by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations, owing to a particularly favorable acquisition programming of the Envisat and ALOS satellites, and was verified by detailed ground observations. Elastic modeling based on the InSAR measurements clearly distinguishes between normal faulting, which dominated during the first week of the event, and intermittent episodes of dike propagation, oblique dike opening and dike-induced faulting during the following month. A gradual decline in the intensity of deformation occurred over the final weeks. Our observations and modeling suggest that the sequence of events was initiated by pressurization of a deep-seated magma chamber below Oldoinyo Lengai which opened the way to lateral dike injection, and dike-induced faulting and seismicity. As dike intrusion terminated, silicate magma ascended the volcano conduit, reacted with the carbonatitic magma, and set off a major episode of explosive ash eruptions producing mixed silicate-carbonatitic ejecta. The rise of the silicate magma within the volcano conduit is attributed to bubble growth and buoyancy increase in the magma chamber either due to a temporary pressure drop after the termination of the diking event, or due to the dynamic effects of seismic wave passage from the earthquake swarm. Similar temporal associations between earthquake swarms and major explosive ash eruptions were observed at Oldoinyo Lengai over the past half century.     

Calibration of complex subsurface reaction models using a surrogate-model approach

Automatic calibration of complex subsurface reaction models involves numerous difficulties, including the existence of multiple plausible models, parameter non-uniqueness, and excessive computational burden. To overcome these difficulties, this study investigated a novel procedure for performing simultaneous calibration of multiple models (SCMM). By combining a hybrid global-plus-polishing search heuristic with a biased-but-random adaptive model evaluation step, the new SCMM method calibrates multiple models via efficient exploration of the multi-model calibration space. Central algorithm components are an adaptive assignment of model preference weights, mapping functions relating the uncertain parameters of the alternative models, and a shuffling step that efficiently exploits pseudo-optimal configurations of the alternative models. The SCMM approach was applied to two nitrate contamination problems involving batch reactions and one-dimensional reactive transport. For the chosen problems, the new method produced improved model fits (i.e. up to 35% reduction in objective function) at significantly reduced computational expense (i.e. 40–90% reduction in model evaluations), relative to previously established benchmarks. Although the method was effective for the test cases, SCMM relies on a relatively ad-hoc approach to assigning intermediate preference weights and parameter mapping functions. Despite these limitations, the results of the numerical experiments are empirically promising and the reasoning and structure of the approach provide a strong foundation for further development.     

Swarm intelligence for classification of remote sensing data

This paper proposes a new method to classify remote sensing data by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This method is to generate classification rules through simulating the behaviors of bird flocking. Optimized intervals of each band are found by particles in multi-dimension space, linked with land use types for forming classification rules. Compared with other rule induction techniques (e.g. See5.0), PSO can efficiently find optimized cut points of each band, and have good convergence in the search process. This method has been applied to the classification of remote sensing data in Panyu district of Guangzhou with satisfactory results. It can produce higher accuracy in the classification than the See5.0 decision tree model.     

冲绳海槽中部伊平屋脊火山岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成：对岩石成因和地幔源区的指示

As an active back-arc basin, the Okinawa Trough is located in the southeastern region of the East China Sea shelf and is strongly influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. Major element, trace element and Sr-NdPb isotopic composition data are presented for volcanic rocks from the Iheya Ridge(IR), the middle Okinawa Trough. The IR rocks record large variations in major elements and range from basalts to rhyolites. Similar trace element distribution characteristics together with small variations in ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(0.703 862–0.704 884), ~(144)Nd/~(143)Nd(0.512 763–0.512 880) and Pb isotopic ratios, demonstrate that the IR rocks are derived from a similar magma source. The fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and amphibole, as well as accessory minerals, can reasonably explain the compositional variations of these IR rocks. The simulations suggest that approximately 60% and 75% fractionation of an evolved basaltic magma can produce trace element compositions similar to those of the intermediate rocks and acid rocks, respectively. The analysis of their Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic content ratios suggest that the source of the rocks from the IR is close to the depleted mantle(DM) but extends to the enriched mantle(EMII), indicating that the mantle source of these rocks is a mixture between the DM and EMII end members. The simulations show that the source of the IR volcanic rocks can be best interpreted as the result of the mixing of approximately 0.8%–2.0% subduction sediment components and 98.0%–99.2% mantlederived melts.     

宁夏及邻区M_S≥5.0地震的前震和广义前震特征分析

通过对宁夏及邻区1970~2015年14次M_S≥5.0地震前的中短期弱震的时空分布特征进行分析,总结了该区域M_S≥5.0地震的前震、广义前震特征,具体研究了空区、条带、信号地震和前兆地震等的时空特征,分析了各种异常的地震预测指示意义,并给出了宁夏及邻区直接前震的识别与判定标准。此外,还分析了内蒙古1976年9月23日巴音木仁M_S6.2地震前与2015年4月15日阿拉善左旗M_S5.8地震前弱震活动特征间的差异。     

2013年前郭MS5.8震群矩张量研究

2013年吉林前郭M_S5.8震群为爆发性震群,目前余震活动仍然在持续.基于吉林、辽宁、黑龙江、内蒙古四省地震台网记录的前郭震群波形资料,利用波形信噪比、震源类型、台站及速度模型组合的指标选择最佳的反演方案,应用矩张量的三种反演模式,对序列中5个M_S≥5.0地震进行矩张量反演研究,获得了全矩张量、偏矩张量和纯双力偶的矩张量.使用F-test对地震的三种模式的矩张量反演结果进行显著性检验来确定最佳反演模式.结果显示,5个地震的最优矩张量解均为全矩张量模式反演获得的结果,其双力偶分量仅有20%~65%,矩心深度位于地下3~4 km处,地震在Hudson震源类型图上的投影远离双力偶震源类型区域.这些结果表明,震源类型并非典型的构造地震,推断前郭地震可能是与人类活动有关的诱发地震.