北祁连西段香毛山一带早—中寒武世基性火山岩基本特征及其成因

香毛山一带早-中寒武世基性火岩以碱性玄武岩系列为主,具富钠,低钾、镁特点;稀土总量较低,属轻稀土富集型,分布模式为右倾平滑曲线,略具正铕异常;微量元素含量接近洋中脊过渡性玄武岩与板内拉斑玄武岩的丰度,岩浆来自富集的地幔源区;该火山岩系形成于强烈拉张产生的有限微洋盆构造环境,当时洋盆的扩张速率为1～2cm/a,属初始发育阶段.     

对陡坡陡崖引发地质灾害的潜在影响范围进行建模分析

陡坡陡崖作为一种特殊的地形地貌,是造成滑坡、泥石流等各种地质灾害的重要因素之一.由陡坡陡崖引发的地质灾害会破坏人造地物,对人类的生命财产安全造成严重危害.本文利用DEM数据提取了浙江省温州市的陡坡陡崖,对温州市陡坡陡崖的影响范围进行系统研究,构建了温州市陡坡陡崖的潜在滑坡方向模型,并确定其对人造地物(如道路、房屋)的影...     

新疆博格达中段木垒地区基性侵入岩岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及其构造意义

博格达造山带大量分布基性岩,其成因研究对区域构造演化具有重要意义。本次对博格达造山带中段木垒地区的基性岩进行了系列研究工作,初步对岩石成因和构造环境进行了探讨,为博格达造山带研究提供了新的依据。岩石地球化学特征显示,辉绿岩的SiO2含量为47.71%~53.7%,K2O含量为0.61%~1.87%,Na2O含量为2.97%~5.14%,显示富钠贫钾特征,属准铝质中-高钾钙碱性岩石系列。Mg#值为29.80~47.89,远低于原始玄武质岩浆的参考数值65,表明区内基性岩可能是原始岩浆经历较强程度分异作用后的产物;分异指数（DI）均大于35.00,固结指数均远小于30,均显示辉绿岩分异程度较高。稀土元素特征显示较高稀土总量、轻稀土强烈富集的右倾模式,相对富集Rb、Ba、K、Th等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ti、Hf、Zr等高场强元素。辉绿岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（305.9±3.1）Ma;辉绿岩岩浆可能源于亏损尖晶石橄榄岩相至原始尖晶石橄榄岩相之间,为较低程度部分熔融及分异演化综合作用形成的产物,为晚石炭世博格达弧后裂陷盆地晚期局限性伸展作用的产物。     

藏南喜马拉雅北坡色龙地区二叠系基性火山岩的发现及其构造意义

藏南喜马拉雅北坡二叠系基性火山岩位于聂拉木县色龙东山。岩石地球化学特征表明,无论是基龙组火山岩还是色龙群火山岩,都具有大陆拉伸-大陆裂谷环境火山岩系的主、微量元素地球化学特征。据此,判断两套基性火山岩的性质和喷发构造环境相同。该区二叠纪大陆拉伸-裂谷火山活动标志着冈瓦纳超级古大陆开始裂离、解体。     

内蒙古满都拉泥盆纪基性火山岩特征及其形成环境

满都拉西部出露的蛇绿混杂岩中橄榄辉长岩的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄(385.6±1.7)Ma,显示该蛇绿岩形成于早泥盆世晚期.其中的基性火山岩岩块为一套浅变质的枕状玄武岩、橄榄玄武岩,多与超基性岩岩块伴生.玄武岩的SiO2为47.16%~51.93%,TiO2为1.44%~2.13%,Al2O3 14.08%~17.51%,Na2O 3.42%~5.39%,K2O 0.22%~0.83%;具低钾特点,显示拉斑玄武岩特征.其富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,Th和U,贫高场强元素Zr,Ti,Y等,似岛弧玄武岩或岛弧-洋中脊过渡型玄武岩或弧后盆地玄武岩.ΣREE为(113.130~189.560)×10-6,LREE/HREE为0.684~1.369,配分曲线呈右缓倾、平坦型,显示岛弧、洋中脊或E-洋中脊玄武岩特征.根据岩石学、岩石地球化学特征,结合区域构造背景,认为该套火山岩或该蛇绿岩的形成环境为弧后盆地.     

区域水资源可持续利用的综合评价方法

水资源可持续利用指标体系及评价方法是水资源可持续利用研究的核心问题之一。以复合系统理论为基础,将水资源、社会经济和环境组成的复合系统定义为水资源可持续利用系统(RSWRS系统)。应用Bossel可持续发展基本定向指标框架,建立了水资源可持续利用指标评价体系。应用系统综合评价法,权重采用基于Bossel评分标准,以参考状态的离差平方和最大法计算,建立了以RSWRS系统发展综合指数和发展态势度量模型。以陕西省为例,进行了水资源可持续利用的综合定量评价。     

膨胀地球基本参数的初值及其平均变化率

本文讨论了地球膨胀过程的初始半径R0、膨胀起始时间t0以及半径R、转动惯量I、地表重力加速度g和反映地球内部物质分布状态参数y等膨胀基本参数的平均变化率。研究结果表明,在地球的地质年龄之内,地球膨胀的初始半径R0>4619km,膨胀的起始时间t0>43.8×102Ma,膨胀过程中的地球半径R、物质分布状态参数y、转动惯量I、地表重力加速度g和表面积S随时间的平均变化率分别为:dR/dt=4×10-4m/a,dy/dt=-6.7×1012/a,dI/dt=8.49×1027kg·m~2/a,dg/dt=-1.23×10-10kg·s-2/a和ds/dt=6.41×104m2/a。地球膨胀过程中的半径平均增长率,是首次用天文学方法研究得出,且该值介于其他作者用古地磁、古地理等方法所求得的地球半径增长率若干数值之间。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics . J. O. Ayoade. Conservation and Management of Natural Resources in the United States . Charles F. Bennett. The Keeping of Animals: Adaptation and Social Relations in Livestock Producing Communities . Riva Berleant-Schiller and Eugenia Shanklin, ed. The Evolution of Geographic Thought in America: A Kentucky Root Wilford A. Bladen and Pradyumna P. Karan, eds. Latin America: Geographical Perspectives , 2nd ed. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith, ed. The Rural Real Estate Market. Department of Geography Publication Series, No. 18 . Chris Bryant. Urban Geomorphology in Drylands . R. U. Cooke, D. Brunsden, J. C. Doornkamp, and D. K. C. Jones with contributions by J. Griffiths, P. Knott, R. Potter, and R. Russell. Italian Geography, 1960–1980. Meeting of the Status of the Geographic Research in Italy, 1960–1980. Treated under the auspices of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and organized by Istituto di Geografia Umana della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Giacomo Corna Pellecrini and Carlo Brusa, eds. The Changing Fenland . H. C. Darby. The Future for the City Centre . R. L. Davies and A. G. Champion, eds. Saudi Arabia, Energy, Developmental Planning, and Industrialization . Ragaei El Mallakh, Dorothea H. El Mallakh, eds. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico's Frontier . Maria Patricia Fernández-Kelly. The Great Lakes Forest: An Environmental and Social History . Susan L. Flader, ed. Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woolen Industry . Derek Gregory Crime in City Politics . Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob and Robert L. Lineberry, eds. Revitalizing Cities . H. Briavel Holcomb and Robert A. Beauregard. Cartographic Relief Presentation . Eduard Imhof. H. J. Steward, Trans. Soviet Union: A Geographical Survey . S. V. Kalesnik and V. F. Pavlenko, ed. Cognition and Environment . Stephen Kaplan and Rachel Kaplan. Environmental Protection: The International Dimension . David A. Kay and Harold K. Jacobsen, eds. Mathematical Programming Methods for Geographers and Planners , James Killen. Gentrification Amid Urban Decline: Strategies for America's Older Cities . Michael H. Lang. The North Atlantic Sulphur System . Risto Laulajainen. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, Vol. 2 . Lee I. Levine ed. Jerusalem and Detroit: Recreation Planning and Management . Stanely R. Lieber and Daniel R. Fesenmaier, eds. Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada . L. D. McCann, ed. Scarborough Where We Live: The Residential Districts of Minneapolis and St. Paul . Judith A. Martin and David A. Lanegran. California: The Geography of Diversity . Crane S. Miller and Richard S. Hyslop. Palo Alto The Dilemma of Amazonian Development . Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder Nuclear Waste: Socioeconomic Dimensions of Long-Term Storage . Steve H. Murdock, F. Larry Leistritz, and Rita R. Hamm, eds. Boulder Communism and the Politics of Inequalities . Daniel N. Nelson, ed. The Los Angeles Metropolis . Howard J. Nelson. Dubuque An Historical Geography of Urban System Development: Tidewater Virginia in the 18th Century . James O'Mara. Procedures and Standards for a Multipurpose Cadastre . East Asia: Geographical and Historical Approaches to Foreign Area Studies . Clifton W. Pannell, ed. Dubuque Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft . W. H. Parker. Beyond the Urban Fringe: Land Use Issues of Nonmetropolitan America . Rutherford H. Platt and George Macinko, eds. Recreation Geography of the USSR . V. S. Preobrazhensky and V. M. Krivosheyev, eds. Missouri: A Geography . Milton D. Rafferty The Invisible Farmers: Women in Agricultural Production . Carolyn E. Sachs. Cayman Islands Seashore Vegetation: A Study in Comparative Biogeography . Jonathan D. Sauer. Hillslope Materials and Processes . Michael J. Selby. Housing in Britain: The Post-War Experience . John R. Short The Study of Population: Elements, Patterns and Processes . George A. Schnell and Mark Stephen Monmonier. Columbus The Soviet Union: A Systematic Geography . Leslie Symons, ed. The Ottoman Slave Trade and Its Suppression . Ehud R. Toledano. The Impact of Recession on Industry, Employment and the Regions, 1976–1981 . Alan R. Townsend. Landslides and Their Control , 2nd ed. Quido Záruba and Vojtech Mencl. Translated from the Czech by H. Zárubová and V. Mencl.     

Application of Dempster-Shafer theory in mineral resource potential mapping

The Dempster-Shafer theory has been successfully applied to mineral resource potential mapping in G1S environmental. In this applied form, basic probability assignment and combined basic probability assignment are applied to measuring map pattern and map pattern combination, respectively; and the environment composed of the only two singleton sets (deposit set and non-deposit set), is used for expressing the entire map area. For a subarea in which the certain map pattern combination exists, the combined basic probability assignment corresponding to the map pattern combination existing in this subarea, expresses the belief of inferring the subarea belonging to the deposit set from the evidence that the corresponding map pattern combination existing in the subarea. Thus, it may be served as a statistical index measuring the relative mineral resource potentials of the subarea. And it may be determined like 1) dividing the map area into a series of small equal-sized grid cells and then select the training sample set composed of the well-known grid cells or the entire grid cells; 2) estimating the basic probability assignments corresponding to each map pattern from the training sample set; 3) determining the map pattern combination existing in each cell, and then appling the Dempster's Rule of Combination to integrating the all basic probability assignments corresponding to the map patterns existing in the cell into the combined basic probability assignment. Mineral resource potential mapping with the Dempster-Shafer theory is demonstrated on a case study to select mineral resource targets. The experimental results manifest that the model can be compared with the weights of evidence model in the effectiveness of mineral resource target selection.     

双桥大断裂带之基本特征及其与铀矿的关系

本文通过双桥大断裂带区域地质背景的描述，断裂带基本特征的分析及其对铀矿化的控制作用的综合研究。作为浙江中西部一条区域性大断裂一部分的双桥大断裂带，其活动时间长，结构面复杂，多次活动的特点，它不仅控制岩石的分布，还起到了铀元素储集成矿的控制作用。使铀矿化带、铀矿床及铀矿体在空间展布的一致性和在成矿时间上、成因上的统一性。它对指导找矿、勘探和开采同具重要的现实地质意义。