渤海区域地质信息管理系统数据库设计方案

数据库是GIS的基础。以渤海区域地质信息管理系统数据库为例，阐述了基于GIS的海洋地学管理信息系统中数据库的组织方法，及所包括空间数据库与属性数据库数据分类、分层方案，命名及编码规则，以及二者之间的联接。     

山东全新世滨海软土与工程地质灾害的研究

山东全新世滨海软土分布在海湾、泻湖、河口区，厚度１－１０ｍ。海湾、泻湖软土为淤泥、淤泥质土，陆源物质供应丰富的浅水区，软土颗粒偏粗，强度相对较高，触变性对建筑物危害性大，陆源物质供应少的深水区，软土颗粒偏细，低强度、高压缩性、沉降变形大和蠕变性是危及建筑物稳定的主要因素。海湾、泻湖软土位于地下水位下，具低透水性，掩埋后短期不易排水固结，软土下为强度较高的冲积物，对一般建筑物，利用强夯、粉喷搅拌桩、     

The Effect of Human Exclusion on the Population Structure of Key-Hole Limpets Fissurella crassa and F. limbata on the Coast of Central Chile

Abstract. We describe the basic ecology of two key-hole limpets, Fissurella crassa and Fissurella limbata , which are heavily harvested by coastal shellfishermen (mariscadores) at the rocky intertidal of central Chile. The ecological role of human predation on these species was assessed. Anthropic exclusion from a stretch of the rocky intertidal at Las Cruces (non-harvested area) for about two and a half years resulted in changes of the densities and size distributions of these fissurelid species as compared to populations in control zones (harvested area). Differential human predation generates, on key-hole limpets, responses of different intensities related to the accessibility of man to the mesohabitats (sheltered platforms, exposed platforms and vertical walls) and fringes of the intertidal (mid-low intertidal and Lessonia nigrescens fringe). Thus, size distributions and mean densities of both fissurelids differ widely between the harvested and non-harvested areas on both platform habitats but not on vertical walls. In the mid-low intertidal fringe, differences are greater than in the less accessible L. nigrescens intertidal fringe. Moreover, we discuss the way in which other species, directly harvested by mariscadores (i. e., the mollusc Concholepas concholepas) can affect the keyhole limpet populations of central Chile rocky shores. Finally, we highlight the ecological role of these limpets on the dynamics of intertidal ecosystems and how they can modify community landscape.     

弯睾鲫吸虫[Carassotrema flecterotestis(Zhukov,1971)comb.nov.]及其毛蚴发育观察

本文对取自台湾海峡棱鮻 (Lizacarinatus)消化道的弯睾软穴吸虫 (HapalotremaflecterotestisZhukov, 1971)进行重新描述,并对其毛蚴的体外发育进行观察.根据Yamaguti(1971)区分单孔科 (Haploporidae)和叉盘科 (Waretrematidae)的标准,同意李敏敏(1984)将其从单孔科移出并入叉盘科.在与叉盘科已知属比较后,我们发现该吸虫除睾丸形状外,其他主要特征与鲫吸虫属 (CarassotremaPark, 1938)的相似.因此,我们拟将其作为后者的同物异名,并将该吸虫重新命名为弯睾鲫吸虫 [Caras sotremaflecterotestis(Zhukov, 1971)comb. nov. ].实验结果表明:在室温 7~24℃(均值为 15. 3℃)条件下,其虫卵从单个卵细胞到毛蚴孵出共需 12d.     

GIS方法在南沙群岛海区海底灾害地质研究中的应用

采用GIS方法，对南沙群岛海区海底灾害地质进行空间叠加分析。利用模糊数学方法，对不同灾害地质因素赋予不同的模糊影响权值；运用模糊叠加模型，得到南沙群岛海区海底灾害地质综合评价图。与前人的研究工作进行对比的结果表明，GIS方法是进行海底灾害地质评价的一种有效方法。     

煤矿区地质环境与地质灾害遥感集成监测系统的关键技术

面向“数字矿山”应用系统的需要,在分析煤矿区地质环境和地质灾害特点及其在遥感监测理论依据的基础上,提出了煤矿区地质环境与地质灾害遥感集成监测系统的技术思路和体系结构,强调各种监测技术手段、不同时空尺度、不同数据源和不同主题信息的集成,并针对这一集成系统实现与应用中的多目标遥感信息处理、环境传感器网络应用、遥感监测数据与专题分析模型的集成、数据质量控制等关键问题进行了探讨。     

基于本体的地理信息查询检索方法研究

传统的GIS查询方式和信息检索方式已经难以满足人们对地理信息查询和检索的越来越广泛的需要,为此需要发展新的地理信息查询检索方法。本文将地理本体的思想引入到信息查询应用中,从查询式优化、查询式扩展、可视化与检索结果知识化等方面展开讨论,是对传统查询检索方法的丰富和发展。在此基础上,设计了基于本体的信息检索模型框架,详细并讨论了实现该检索模型的两个关键技术-自然语言处理技术、本体推理技术。     

东海陆坡及邻近槽底天然气水合物成藏条件分析及前景

在西太平洋边缘海中,东海是唯一没有获得天然气水合物样品的边缘海。利用已有的地震资料、海底温度资料等,从沉积物来源、沉积地层厚度、烃源岩条件、沉积速率、海底温度—压力条件等方面对东海水合物成藏条件进行了分析。认为冲绳海槽沉积物源丰富,沉积厚度大,且发育烃源岩地层。冲绳海槽较高的沉积速率主要分布于冲绳海槽槽底沉积中心,以及西部陆坡连接海底峡谷底部的三角洲区域。根据冲绳海槽实测的海底温度数据,整个冲绳海槽地区600m以深的范围都能够满足水合物发育的温度、压力条件。以温度梯度为30℃/km计算,冲绳海槽中水合物稳定域的最大厚度为650m。冲绳海槽盆地中普遍发育的底辟构造、背斜构造等局部构造,以及网格状断裂系统,为烃类气流体的向上及侧向运移创造了有利条件,成为天然气水合物发育的有利区带。根据已经发现的BSR特征来看,东海地区天然气水合物前景广阔。     

上宫构造蚀变岩型金矿床地质特征及化探找金经验

上宫金矿位于河南省西部熊耳山北麓,在该区1 020 km²范围内进行了1:5万的地球化学水系沉积物测量,按水系划分取样单元,取样本着"小沟多取,支流放稀,大河不管"的原则进行。本次水系沉积物测量的特点是:取样少,控制面积大,速度快,省钱、省人、省物,找矿效果好、经济效益好。本区水系沉积物测量中所发现的金异常,后经异常检查、地质普查评价及钻探验证,确定为一大型构造蚀变岩型金矿床。     

<Superscript>40</Superscript>Ar-<Superscript>39</Superscript>Ar dating of lamprophyre dykes in the Baimazhai nickel deposit,Yunnan Province,China, and its geological significance

The Baimazhai nickel deposit, Yunnan Province, China, is located in the southern part of the Sanjiang （Tri-river） alkali-rich intrusive rock belt （Sanjiang ARIR）. In this paper was conducted ^40Ar-^39Ar dating of two phlogopites in lamprophyres which are, as dikes, widely distributed in the orefield, and two plateau ages were acquired, i.e., 32.46±0.62 Ma and 32.01±0.60 Ma, respectively （averaging 32.23±0.60 Ma）. The ages are obviously younger than those of the ore-hosted complex and mineralization of the Baimazhai nickel deposit. In combination with the characteristics, it is indicated that lamprophyres in the orefield and those in the Sanjiang ARIR are similar in tectonic setting, mineral assemblage and geochemistry. It is considered that lamprophyres in the orefield are the important component of the Sanjiang ARIR, and the lamprophyres and ore-hosted complex in the orefield represent the products of two times of different magmatic activity from different mantle sources. On the other hand, the age of lamprophyres in the orefield is older than that of the strike-slip shearing of the Ailaoshan-Honghe fault belt, suggesting that the strike-slip shearing of the Ailaoshan-Honghe fault belt is not the factor leading to magmatic activity of lamprophyres in the orefield, while it is more possible that magmatic activity of the Sanjiang ARIR promoted strike-slip shearing of the fault belt.