黄陵基底穹隆北部石墨矿床成矿物质来源的地球化学约束

在黄陵基底穹隆北部已发现的几个大鳞片晶质石墨矿区中采取少量新鲜石墨样品(含少量大理岩围岩)进行了矿石岩相学及地球化学测试,通过相应分析、图解,探讨其成矿物质来源。该区石墨矿石赋存于黄凉河岩组(Pt1h)一套孔兹岩系内,主要矿石类型为石墨片岩及石墨片麻岩。根据其主微量元素及碳同位素分析,恢复矿石原岩为一套含炭质的(砂)泥质沉积岩,其固定碳质绝大多数来源于有机物而不是大理岩中的无机碳。根据矿层的元素组成及古地史证据,推测黄凉河岩组的蚀源区以野马洞岩组(Ar2y,拉斑玄武质)为主,东冲河片麻杂岩(Ar2D,花岗质)次之,而不是前人认为的单一"以花岗质岩石为蚀源区"。从供给源到成矿母岩的演化过程中,发生了强烈的地球化学变化,而不只是物质简单的机械转移。     

陕南地区前寒武纪基底与金铜铅锌矿床分布关系

依据陕南秦岭造山带区域地质及重力资料，按是否露出地表将前寒武纪基底划分为出露基底和隐伏基底两种类型。其中，圈定出露基底15处，解译推断隐伏基底6处。小秦岭—北秦岭地区的基底大多露出地表，其总体具典型华北地块基底特征；南秦岭、勉略阳及北大巴山地区的出露基底则呈较零散的孤岛状分布，而隐伏基底向南、北两侧扩展延伸范围较大且基本连为一体，基底性质总体具典型扬子地块双层基底特征。区内已知大—中型金、铜、铅锌矿床(田)及Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn元素化探异常密集区(带)的分布大多与前寒武纪基底有关。前寒武纪基底与上述矿产和化探异常间的分布关系，无疑为今后本区贵金属及有色金属矿产勘查评价及成矿预测提供了新的思路。     

关于准噶尔盆地基底时代问题的讨论--据同位素年代学研究结果

以U—Pb和Sm-Nd年代学的基本原理为基础，对东准噶尔荒草坡群下部的肉红色黑云母花岗片麻岩、1：25万纸房幅区域调查报告中划出的“新元古代”塔黑尔巴斯套糜棱杂岩和鲍尔羌吉糜棱杂岩等锆石U-Pb年龄数据作了分析研究；进一步明确了东准噶尔下马崖南小石头泉花岗片麻岩的Sm-Nd等时线年龄数据的地质意义，并结合准噶尔造山带变质岩和花岗岩类Nd模式的统计结果，得到初步结论是：至今还没有任何可靠的年龄数据指出准噶尔盆地的基底岩石具有前寒武纪年龄．目前的资料确定了东、西准噶尔的基底具有年轻岛弧组合的特征．     

Gondwana-derived microcontinents — the constituents of the Variscan and Alpine collisional orogens

The European Variscan and Alpine mountain chains are collisional orogens, and are built up of pre-Variscan “building blocks” which, in most cases, originated at the Gondwana margin. Such pre-Variscan elements were part of a pre-Ordovician archipelago-like continental ribbon in the former eastern prolongation of Avalonia, and their present-day distribution resulted from juxtaposition through Variscan and/or Alpine tectonic evolution. The well-known nomenclatures applied to these mountain chains are the mirror of Variscan resp. Alpine organization. It is the aim of this paper to present a terminology taking into account their pre-Variscan evolution at the Gondwana margin. They may contain relics of volcanic islands with pieces of Cadomian crust, relics of volcanic arc settings, and accretionary wedges, which were separated from Gondwana by initial stages of Rheic ocean opening. After a short-lived Ordovician orogenic event and amalgamation of these elements at the Gondwanan margin, the still continuing Gondwana-directed subduction triggered the formation of Ordovician Al-rich granitoids and the latest Ordovician opening of Palaeo-Tethys. An example from the Alps (External Massifs) illustrates the gradual reworking of Gondwana-derived, pre-Variscan elements during the Variscan and Alpine/Tertiary orogenic cycles.     

长白山天池火山区基底结构研究

利用在长白山天池火山区布设的 4条深地震测深剖面和 1个三维地震透射台阵的Pg波资料 ,用有限差分方法反演了该地区的基底速度结构。对该地区的基底速度结构特征及P波速度5 9～ 6 0km/s所对应的结晶基底的界面形态、深度等进行了讨论。反演结果表明 ,长白山天池火山区基底深度变化不大 ,一般为 2 .0～ 3.0km ,最深处位于天池火山口下和二道白河 -池西之间 ;最浅处位于松江附近 ,约为 1.5km。同时发现天池火山口下及二道白河 -池西保护站之间是两处低速区 ,结晶基底深度为 4 .0km ,其中二道白河 -池西保护站之间的低速区对应于地质构造上的地堑构造。提出基底速度横向变化剧烈和基底深度突变的特征可以作为断层存在的一种标志     

北山地区北东向构造对金钨锡钼(稀土)矿床控制作用初探

地处甘、新、内蒙交界部位的北山地区是我国重要的内生金属矿产集中区之一,金、钨、锡、钼等与花岗岩有关的金属矿床具有良好的成矿地质条件和找矿潜力。本文通过对北山地区地球物理、地球化学和矿床成矿地质背景的系统分析,讨论了北东向基底断裂构造对与花岗岩有关的金、钨、锡、钼等矿床形成的重要控制作用。指出了该区今后开展地质找矿工作的方向。     

Analysis of Geological Background of Seismic Activity in the Chengdu Plain from Data of Seismic Prospecting for Oil

Summarizing the existing data of seismological and geological investigations and of strong and intermediate-strong earthquakes in‘ the Sichuan basin and its adjacent areas accumulated by the seismological and petroleum organizations in Sichuan and of the results of seismic prospecting and detailed exploration in Chengdu depression during the last 20 years permitted us to studythe types and distribution of hidden structures in Chengdu depression and its adjacent areas, in particular, to identify in, detail the “hidden faults” in the Chenngdu-Deyang area on the one hand; The obtained data indicate that the NE-trending Xinjin fault ruus northward and dies out in the south of Penzhen town of Shuangliu County; Meanwhile, we studied genetic relations of seismic activity to active faults and their corresponding movernent charaeteristics on the other hand, Moreover, the Surface faults and deep-seated faults are clearly defined and outlined,and 5 types of seismogenic faults suggestd. The knowledge thus obtained enables us to delimit the focal zones for potential strong earthquakes in Chengdu depression. The study suggests that a zone of 40 km wide and more than 100 km long on sides along the Chengu Deyang lim bas a stable seismogeological background and good engineering-seismological conditions.     

Isotopic evidence of middle proterozoic magmatism from bombay high field: Implications to crustal evolution of western offshore of India

Precambrian granitic basement rocks obtained from well BH-36 of Bombay High Field, western offshore of India has been studied both by Rb-Sr and K-Ar dating methods. Seven basement samples chosen from two cores have yielded whole rock Rb-Sr isochron age of 1446 ± 67 Ma with an initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.7062 ± 0.0012. This age has been interpreted as the formation/emplacement time of the granite. Two biotite fractions of different grain size separated from a sample CC6B2T have yielded Rb-Sr mineral isochron age of 1385 ± 21 Ma. However, these fractions when studied by K-Ar dating method have yielded slightly higher but mutually consistent ages of 1458 ± 43 Ma and 1465 ± 43 Ma, respectively. Further, two biotites separated from additional samples CC5B9T and CC6B3B have yielded K-Ar ages of 1452 ± 42 Ma and 1425 ± 40 Ma with an overall mean age of 1438 ± 19 Ma. This mean K-Ar age is indistinguishable from whole rock Rb-Sr isochron as well as mineral isochron age within experimental error. The similarity in the whole rock and biotite ages obtained by different isotopic methods suggests that no thermal disturbance has occurred in these rocks after their emplacement/formation around 1450 Ma ago. The present study provides the evidence for the existence of an important Middle Proterozoic magmatic event around 1400-1450 Ma on the western offshore of India which, hitherto, was thought to be mainly confined to the eastern Ghats, Satpura and Delhi fold belt of India. This finding may have an important bearing on the reconstruction of Proterozoic crustal evolution of western Indian shield.     

鄂尔多斯盆地演化与多种能源矿产分布

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国有机—无机多种能源矿产共存的盆地之一。有机矿产包括煤、油气、煤层气等,分布于盆地内部,无机矿产以铀矿为主,处于盆—山转换部位。盆地边缘的造山活动控制了内部基底变形,基底变形又制约了盖层构造格局的演化,而后者决定了盆内有机矿产的源、运、储过程,如烃源岩展布、煤级分布等。造山活动和盆地演化共同制约着砂岩型铀矿的产出,油气在水平挤压和上覆地层压实作用下自内而外、自下而上输运,而于周缘造山带形成的含铀中低温无机成矿热液,在重力作用下,沿渗透率较大的透水层自上而下向盆地内部输运,还原性油气与氧化性含铀热液在盆—山过渡处相遇,导致无机流体的关键性物理化学参数的转变,使铀元素沉淀富集。鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产共存系统存在的必要条件是成矿(藏)作用的发生具备各自成矿要素,且无机成矿和有机成藏两种性质完全不同的地质过程之间存在耦合作用。     

Lateral Inhomogeneity of Basement Layer in Three Gorges Region of Changjiang River (Yangtze River)

Seismic tomography from the Pg wave data along the non-longitudinal profile in the Three Gorges Region is presented in this paper.The seismic tomography method,and the acquisition and analysis of seismic travel time are broadly outlined.The tomography of basement reveals a great amount of significant information and shows that the low-velocity zone is due to the lithologic difference and the fault fracture zone.It also demonstrates that there exist three high-velocity zones with v>6.4 km/s at the basement; the largest of zones which strikes north-south is located at the southwestern side of Huangling Anticlinorium and extends into the anticlinorium northward.The other two high-velocity zones are,respectively,situated at the eastern side of the anticlinorium and the western side of the profile.The high-velocity zones are inferred to originate from the upwelling of material with high-velocity from deep crust.