第六届全国岩土工程实录交流会专题报告之一桩基础理论与技术若干进展与问题探讨

介绍桩土相互作用理论若干进展和两种新桩型、新工艺后压浆灌注桩、挤扩灌注桩,并对有关问题进行探讨.     

南疆极干旱区生态环境保护、修复、建设的基本认识及应对分析

在前期对南疆内陆极干旱区生态环境基本态势、近期变化与成因分析的工作基础上，提出生态环境保护、治理、建设和社会经济协调发展的基本认识和应对分析，指出气象科技、气象工作在生态环境领域中具有广阔的工作空间。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力评估研究

根据我国建筑抗震设计规范，借鉴建筑结构强度和延性的抗震能力评估理念，提出了评估钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力的定量方法。在利用ETABS集成软件完成建筑结构内力分析后，应用本研究编写的结构抗震能力评估计算程序，实现了对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力的定量评估。实例评估表明，该方法除可定量评估建筑结构抗震能力外，还可从评估结果了解造成抗震能力不足的原因。     

Seismic base‐isolation by use of a telescoping stepping mechanism

A new base‐isolation mechanism corresponding to a variance of the stepping A‐shaped frame is proposed and its seismic performance is investigated numerically for strong ground accelerations with peak values in the range from 0.5 to 1g. In its simplest two‐dimensional form, the system consists of a frame with two telescoping legs pinned at the apex at a sharp angle. The legs are attached to the foundation through a spring and a damper acting in parallel. Both the springs and viscous dampers have bilinear characteristics that make them very stiff in compression but very soft in tension. As the structure rocks sideways, the length of the loaded leg remains essentially constant while the length of the unloaded leg increases. When the ground acceleration changes direction, the process is reversed. The resulting system has three main characteristics: (i) as the structure steps on a rigid leg, the maximum acceleration that can be transmitted to the superstructure is limited to a value which is approximately independent of the amplitude of the ground motion; (ii) there is a systematic lifting of the superstructure with kinetic energy being systematically transformed into potential energy during the strong phase of the ground motion; and (iii) the system is slowly self‐centering at the end of the earthquake. The seismic performance of the system is evaluated for a tall bridge pier and for a smaller frame that could be used in a multi‐story building. The results obtained for the 1940 El Centro ground motion scaled to 1g and for the near‐field Rinaldi ground motion recorded during the Northridge earthquake show that substantial reductions of the absolute acceleration can be obtained with reasonable relative displacements of the superstructure and small strokes in the isolation devices. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental evaluation of piecewise exact solution for predicting seismic responses of spherical sliding type isolated structures

The use of base isolation for enhancing seismic resistibility has been proven as an efficient method in experimental and theoretical studies. It is usual to insert a flexible device in the horizontal direction to permit the most of relative deformation of a structure at this level. Because the rigidity of the superstructure is much higher than that of the base isolator underneath the structure, the behavior of the superstructure can be idealized as a rigid body during earthquakes. In general, hundreds of degrees of freedom and a step‐by‐step time history analysis are the basic requirements for calculating the seismic response of a base‐isolated structure under earthquakes. In order to develop a simple tool which can be easily adopted for calculating the seismic responses of the spherical sliding type isolated structures, a piecewise exact solution for predicting the seismic responses of base‐isolated structures has been derived in this study. The comparison between the experimental results conducted at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in Taiwan and the analytical results obtained from the piecewise exact solution show that the formulation derived in this study can predict the seismic responses of the base‐isolated structure with a very high accuracy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Damage detection of base‐isolated buildings using multi‐input multi‐output subspace identification

A damage detection algorithm of structural health monitoring systems for base‐isolated buildings is proposed. The algorithm consists of the multiple‐input multiple‐output subspace identification method and the complex modal analysis. The algorithm is applicable to linear and non‐linear systems. The story stiffness and damping as damage indices of a shear structure are identified by the algorithm. The algorithm is further tuned for base‐isolated buildings considering their unique dynamic characteristics by simplifying the systems to single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems. The isolation layer and the superstructure of a base‐isolated building are treated as separate substructures as they are distinctly different in their dynamic properties. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated through the numerical analysis and experiment. Finally, the algorithm is applied to the existing 7‐story base‐isolated building that is equipped with an Internet‐based monitoring system. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Criteria for initiation of motion of rigid bodies to base excitation

It is known that when an unanchored rigid body is placed on a horizontal base which oscillates horizontally, it may undergo one of four modes of motion: rest, slide, slide–rock and rock. Initiation of a rigid body into these modes depends on the slenderness ratio of the body, the coefficient of friction between the body and the base and the acceleration of the base. In this study, the coefficient of friction and the base acceleration are considered random. For specific probability distributions of the coefficient of friction and the peak base acceleration, and for various values of the mean and standard deviation of the two random variables, the probabilities of occurrence of these modes of motion are obtained for a body of given slenderness ratio. It is shown that randomness of the coefficient of friction and base peak acceleration should not be ignored. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

圆梁山隧道施工期间增加辅助坑道的设计与施工

在圆梁山隧道修建期间，为解决进口车站大跨段的快速施工以及施工中所遇到的2、3、4和5号溶洞的涌水涌砂难题，创造性地新增设了3条横通道、1条地质探洞、2条迂回导坑和4条泄水洞共10条辅助坑道。主要介绍了施工期间增设的10条辅助坑道的设计与施工。     

砖砌体建筑在泥石流冲击力作用下动态响应实验

我国山地泥石流活动频繁,建筑物防护是山区城镇建设及泥石流堆积扇开发利用中必须解决的问题,有效模拟泥石流冲击力,研究建筑物在泥石流冲击力作用下的动态响应有助于防灾工程设计。以云南东川蒋家沟为研究区域,利用实际观测数据和对泥石流破坏现场调查分析的结果,对粘性泥石流冲击力进行理论模拟,研究砖砌体建筑在受到泥石流冲击力作用下的受力形式及破坏形态;在此基础上,进行了砖砌体结构墙体模型试件的破坏性实验,现场观测试件在冲击力作用下的破坏形态和历程,采集其动态位移及主振频率数据,得出结构开裂冲量。