湘东南玄武质岩石地球化学特征及构造环境

湖南东南部是我国大规模钨，锡，锑及铅锌，稀有，稀土元素矿床集中区，其控矿构造环境倍受人们关注。幔源暗色岩系是深构造环境的产物，其地球化学特征是了解构造环境的有效途径。湘东南玄武质岩石包括碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩两个系列，以碱性玄武岩系列为主。玄武质岩石稀土元素总量较高，无负铕异常，为轻稀土富集的右倾型。稀土元素反映岩浆形成主要受部分熔融作用控制。岩石形成于大陆拉张构造环境。微量元素具有明显OIB型分布特征，地壳混染程度很低，具有富集地幔特征。岩石地球化学，同位素地球化学和地球物理研究表明，软流圈地幔上涌并交代岩石圈地幔，形成以宁远－道县为中心的热地幔柱构造。该热幔柱构造控制该区的成岩，成矿作用。     

Chemical evolution, petrogenesis, and regional chemical correlations of the flood basalt sequence in the central Deccan Traps, India

The lava sequence of the central-western Deccan Traps (from Jalgaon towards Mumbai) is formed by basalts and basaltic andesites having a significant variation in TiO₂ (from 1.2 to 3.3 wt%), Zr (from 84 to 253 ppm), Nb (from 5 to 16ppm) and Ba (from 63 to 407 ppm), at MgO ranging from 10 to 4.2 wt%. Most of these basalts follow a liquid line of descent dominated by low pressure fractionation of clinopyroxene, plagioclase and olivine, starting from the most mafic compositions, in a temperature range from 1220° to 1125°C. These rocks resemble those belonging to the lower-most formations of the Deccan Traps in the Western Ghats (Jawhar, Igatpuri and Thakurvadi) as well as those of the Poladpur formation. Samples analyzed for⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr give a range of initial ratios from 0.70558 to 0.70621. A group of flows of the Dhule area has low TiO₂ (1.2–1.5 wt%) and Zr (84–105 ppm) at moderate MgO (5.2–6.2 wt%), matching the composition of low-Ti basalts of Gujarat, low-Ti dykes of the Tapti swarm and Toranmal basalts, just north of the study area. This allows chemical correlations between the lavas of central Deccan, the Tapti dykes and the north-western outcrops. The mildly enriched high field strength element contents of the samples with TiO₂ > 1.5 wt% make them products of mantle sources broadly similar to those which generated the Ambenali basalts, but their high La/Nb and Ba/Nb, negative Nb anomalies in the mantle normalized diagrams, and relatively high⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, make evident a crustal input with crustally derived materials at less differentiated stages than those represented in this sample set, or even within the sub-Indian lithospheric mantle.     

新疆阿克纳瓦山晚泥盆世火山岩及其构造环境

新疆北部阿克纳瓦山晚泥盆世中基性火山岩以全碱含量较高为其最突出的特点。岩相学、矿物学、岩石化学、稀土元素和微量元素地球化学的研究表明,火山岩属于碱性玄武岩系列,以碱性玄武岩组岩石为主,同时有少量橄榄玄粗岩组岩石,表现为碱性玄武岩演化的肯尼迪趋势。火山岩是地幔部分熔融作用的产物,但在岩浆上升过程中发生过橄榄石和(或)辉石的分离结晶作用。火山岩产出的构造环境为具有陆壳基底的岛弧或活动大陆边缘火山弧,不可能是洋中脊。岛弧或活动大陆边缘火山弧的产生是以阿尔曼泰—扎河坝蛇绿混杂岩带为代表的次生洋盆,自晚泥盆世起向北东方向(现代方向)俯冲作用的结果。     

贵东花岗岩体中煌斑岩的成因

本文主要从大地构造环境、煌斑岩的空间分布及其硫同位素、微量元素和稀土元素组成等方面,探讨贵东花岗岩体中煌斑岩的成因.结果表明,煌斑岩与周围的壳型花岗岩不同源,形成煌斑岩的原始岩浆,应为幔源大陆拉斑玄武岩浆。     

High-K basaltic trachyandesite xenoliths in pyroclastic deposits from the Bezymianny volcano (Kamchatka)

Bezymianny is an active andesitic volcano of the Klyuchevskaya group, and its eruptive products are xenolith- and enclave-bearing basaltic andesites and dacites. Here we report the first occurrence of clinopyroxene-plagioclase high-potassium basaltic trachyandesite xenoliths (51.84-53.00 wt.% SiO₂, 0.45-1.95 wt.% K₂O) crystallized in the temperature range 1120-840 °C in products of modern eruptions (2007, 2011, 2012). Basaltic trachyandesite differ systematically in petrologic and geochemical characteristics from all previously studied rocks from the Bezymianny volcano. They correspond to the clinopyroxene-plagioclase porphyry rocks from the foot of the Tolbachik volcanoes.     

鄂尔多斯地块西南缘中元古代玄武安山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

铁马河玄武安山岩位于鄂尔多斯地块西南缘,沿六盘山东麓断裂带出露。岩石发育气孔和杏仁状构造,具有斑状结构—间隐结构,斑晶主要为长条状斜长石和少量蚀变暗色矿物。岩石地球化学呈现富Na2O、FeOT、Al2O3,贫MgO、TiO2、K2O的特点,稀土配分曲线为右倾轻稀土富集型,LREE/ HREE=6. 50~7. 01,(La/Yb)N为5. 62~7. 14,富集Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,Nb、Sr和Ti相对亏损,δEu= 0. 69~0. 91。样品n（87Sr)/n(86Sr)i为0. 70587~0. 70934,εNd(t)介于-6. 9 ~ -4. 8之间,TDM为2562~2730 Ma,Nb/Ta（6. 60~8. 25）低于大陆地壳的平均值,指示了受俯冲流体改造的古老富集地幔参与了岩浆形成。SHRIMP锆石U- Pb定年结果显示铁马河玄武安山岩形成于中元古代早期（~1740 Ma）,其形成与研究区中元古代早期陆内伸展作用引起的古老岩石圈地幔减压熔融有关,是华北克拉通陆内裂谷发育过程在鄂尔多斯地块西南缘的体现。     

华北克拉通北缘Columbia超大陆裂解事件:来自燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系碱性火山岩的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素证据

本文报导了华北克拉通北缘燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系大红峪组、团山子组碱性玄武质岩和侵入串岭沟组基性岩脉的岩石学、地球化学以及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征。结合区域地质资料与前人研究成果,对这些碱性玄武岩与基性岩脉的时代问题、岩浆岩起源和源区类型以及岩浆作用的动力学背景进行了讨论。研究表明大红峪组碱性玄武岩和串岭沟组基性岩脉分别形成于1624±9Ma和1620±9Ma,二者在误差范围内一致;这些基性岩浆岩普遍具有高的Zr含量(94×10-6~196×10-6)、富集轻稀土((La/Yb)N=10.63~21.97)及大离子亲石元素,大多数样品无明显的Eu异常,微量元素组成与OIB相似。锆石Hf同位素显示弱亏损特征,εHf(t)值为-0.6~3.8。燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系碱性岩的原始岩浆可能起源于同一软流圈地幔源区的低程度部分熔融(2%~3%),且有岩石圈地幔物质加入。岩浆受地壳混染的程度低,经历了强烈的结晶分异作用。研究进一步表明,燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系碱性岩从1635Ma(团山子组)开始喷发,1625Ma达到峰期,大红峪组地层沉积时间晚于1635Ma。联系该阶段全球各大陆情况,华北地区该期的碱性岩岩浆事件应与哥伦比亚超大陆裂解有关。     

Diverse Origins of Xenoliths from Seamounts at the Continental Margin, Offshore Central California

A diverse assemblage of small mafic and ultramafic xenolithsoccurs in alkalic lava from Davidson and Pioneer seamounts locatedat the continental margin of central California. Based on mineralcompositions and textures, they form three groups: (1) mantlexenoliths of lherzolite, pyroxenite, and dunite with olivineof >Fo₉₀; (2) ocean crust xenoliths of dunite with olivine<Fo₉₀, troctolite, pyroxene-gabbro, and anorthosite withlow-K₂O plagioclase; (3) cumulates of seamount magmas of alkalicgabbro with primary amphibole and biotite and anorthosites withhigh-K₂O plagioclase. The alkalic cumulates are geneticallyrelated to, but more evolved than, their host lavas and probablycrystallized at the margins of magma reservoirs. Modeling andcomparison with experimentally derived phases suggest an originat moderate pressures (0·5–0·9 GPa). Thehigh volatile contents of the alkalic host lavas may have pressurizedthe magma chambers and helped to propel the xenolith-bearinglavas directly from deep storage at the base of the lithosphereto the eruption site on the ocean floor, entraining fragmentsof the upper mantle and ocean crust cumulates from the underlyingabandoned spreading center. KEY WORDS: basaltic magmatism; continental margin seamounts; geothermobarometry; mineral chemistry; xenoliths     

华北克拉通兴城早白垩世玄武玢岩锆石、金红石地球化学特征及其地质意义

华北克拉通在中生代时期发生大规模的岩石圈减薄,伴生的早白垩世火山岩为研究克拉通破坏提供了窗口,但其中镁铁质火山岩成因和岩浆源区性质的争议,制约了对克拉通破坏机制和中生代岩石圈减薄结束时间的认识。本文用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱（LA-ICP-MS）方法对兴城玄武玢岩中的锆石、金红石进行了系统的微量元素分析,以揭示岩浆源区性质及其演化,并进一步探讨了华北克拉通中生代岩石圈减薄的机制和结束时间。锆石t_Ti温度计计算结果表明,兴城玄武玢岩锆石结晶温度为695~779℃,平均温度为730℃,说明玄武玢岩可能起源于俯冲带地幔楔交代橄榄岩。微量元素分析结果显示,锆石富集HREE,LREE与HREE分异明显,Nb、Ti亏损,Th、U和Hf相对富集,Ce、Eu呈不同程度的正、负异常;金红石Nb、Ti、Hf等高场强元素呈不同程度富集,Sr明显亏损,无明显的Ce、Eu异常。微量元素特征也显示玄武玢岩岩浆起源于岩石圈地幔交代橄榄岩,后期经历了氧化作用和分离结晶作用。结合区域内相关地质资料,认为兴城玄武玢岩岩浆为古老岛弧型岩浆。华北克拉通中生代岩石圈减薄的结束时间可约束到早白垩世晚期（约105 Ma）,高角度俯冲的古太平洋板块回撤为华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的一级动力学机制,热化学侵蚀或拆沉为二级机制。