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191.
江汉平原多目标地球化学调查主要成果与意义 总被引:11,自引:6,他引:11
介绍了覆盖区多目标地球化学调查江汉平原武汉试点区所取得的阶段性成果。共归纳出在土壤地球化学图件编制和在第四纪地质、土壤类型及分布、土壤环境状况、农业土壤利用地球化学解释5个方面的成果,从而以实际材料论证了覆盖区多目标地球化学调查在查明我国土壤资源与环境方面的重要作用以及在社会经济生活中的实际意义。 相似文献
192.
新一轮二滩电站库区遥感调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
新一轮二滩电站库区遥感调查是在我国前20年滑坡、泥石流遥感调查技术方法基础上的一次革新。本文介绍了革新方法的数据源、工作平台、技术流程、及人机交互与自动分类相结合的遥感解译方法,并对获得的工作区滑坡、泥石流的数量、分布、特性及它们的环境背景作简要分析。 相似文献
193.
Factors affecting sediment trapping in vegetated filter strips: simulation study using VFSMOD 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Majed Abu‐Zreig 《水文研究》2001,15(8):1477-1488
Soil and water conservation practices have been promoted for a long time, in order to sustain agricultural activities and prevent environmental pollution. Vegetated filter strips (VFS) have been used to reduce sediment pollution into water bodies at or near the pollutant source. However, factors effecting VFS performance under natural conditions have not been well understood owing to the physical, time and financial limitations of field experiments. The use of well‐validated simulation models to understand the performance of VFS and factors affecting sediment deposition is highly justified. The objective of this research is to investigate sediment trapping in VFS and to study various factors affecting VFS performance using the simulation model VFSMOD, which was developed by researchers at University of North Carolina. Recently, VFSMOD has been validated successfully by using 21 filters with varying length, slope and vegetated cover. A wide range of five parameters was selected for the simulations, namely filter length, filter slope, manning roughness coefficient, soil type and characteristics of incoming sediment from adjacent fields. Computer simulations revealed that the length of filter is the most significant factor affecting sediment trapping in VFS. The relative increase in trapping efficiencies was not linearly related to an increase in filter length. Inflow sediment class also has a major influence on sediment trapping in VFS. The trapping efficiency of clay sediments in a 15 m length VFS was 47% compared with 92% for silt from incoming sediment. Manning roughness coefficient had a moderate effect on sediment trapping and was more significant in short filters. Land slope and soil type of VFS had a minor influence on the performance of VFS. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
194.
Generation of Deccan Trap magmas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gautam Sen 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(4):409-431
Deccan Trap magmas may have erupted through multiple centers, the most prominent of which may have been a shield volcano-like
structure in the Western Ghats area. The lavas are predominantly tholeiitic; alkalic mafic lavas and carbonatites are rare.
Radioisotope dating, magnetic chronology, and age constraints from paleontology indicate that although the eruption started
some 68 Ma, the bulk of lavas erupted at around 65–66 Ma. Paleomagnetic constraints indicate an uncertainty of ± 500,000 years
for peak volcanic activity at 65 m.y. in the type section of the Western Ghats. Maximum magma residence times were calculated
in this study based on growth rates of “giant plagioclase” crystals in lavas that marked the end phase of volcanic activity
of different magma chambers. These calculations suggest that the > 1.7 km thick Western Ghats section might have erupted within
a much shorter time interval of ∼ 55,000 years, implying phenomenal eruption rates that are orders of magnitude larger than
any present-day eruption rate from any tectonic environment. Other significant observations/conclusions are as follows: (1)
Deccan lavas can be grouped into stratigraphic subdivisions based on their geochemistry; (2) While some formations are relatively
uncontaminated others are strongly contaminated by the continental crust; (3) Deccan magmas were produced by 15–30% melting
of a Fe-rich lherzolitic source at ∼ 3–2 GPa; (4) Parent magmas of the relatively uncontaminated Ambenali formation had a
primitive composition with 16%MgO, 47%SiO2; (5) Deccan magmas were generated much deeper and by significantly more melting than other continental flood basalt provinces;
(6) The erupted Deccan tholeiitic lavas underwent fractionation and magma mixing at ∼ 0.2 GPa. The composition and origin
of the crust and crust/mantle boundary beneath the Deccan are discussed with respect to the influence of Deccan magmatic episode. 相似文献
195.
半干旱区植被覆盖度对边界层气候热力影响的数值模拟 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
在陆-气相互作用的中小尺度系统研究中,水平非均匀下垫面的强迫作用是主要的物理过程。本文利用能量闭合二维陆面过程与大气边界层耦合模式,研究了我国西北半干旱地区(38°N,105°E)夏季下垫面物理特征的变化对区域边界层气候的影响。结果表明:土壤湿度、植被覆盖度对局地环流和区域边界层气候的形成起着决定性的作用。模拟结果揭示了在半干旱地区大面积植树造林、提高植被覆盖度,可涵养土壤水分,改善局地生态环境,是人工持续改造干旱、半干旱荒漠地区局地气候的重要途径。 相似文献
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200.
Permian radiolarians,chert and basalt from the Daxinshan Formation in Lancangjiang belt of southwestern Yunnan,China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Qinglai?FengEmail author Shangyue?Shen Benpei?Liu Dietrich?Helmcke Xianggui?Qian Weiming?Zhang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(1):63-71
The stratigraphical sequences composed of chert and basalt were found in the Daxinshan area of Simao and the Manbie area of
Jinghong, southwestern Yunnan. The Middle Permian to ealiest Late Permian radiolarians, such as Follicucullus and Pseudoalbaillella,
have been identified from the chert. The chert from the Manbie area of Jinghong is characterized by high SiO2content (over 92%), large ratios of MnO/TiO2 (2.15) and low ratios of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) (≤0.1) and Ce/Ce*(0.4), which indicate that the chert was deposited in pelagic basin.
The chert from the Daxinshan area of Simao, however, is characterized by low SiO2 content, low ratios of MnO/TiO2 (0.27) and high ratios of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) (0.49) and Ce/Ce*(0.88), which imply that the chert was deposited in continental
margin basin. The basalts from the both areas belong to tholeiite series, and the chemical compositions of their major, rare
earth and trace elements show the characteristics of MORB. These results evidence that there are volcanic rocks and chert
sequences representing pelagic basin and oceanic basin near continent. These sequences and the formerly reported island-arc
volcanic rock sequences imply that the Daxinshan Formation in the Lancangjiang belt represents a sedimentary assemblage formed
in active continental margin basin. 相似文献