华北克拉通中部大陆地壳断面磁性结构研究及意义

为探讨华北克拉通中部地壳的磁性结构与深部地质过程之间的相互关系,测量了五台-集宁地壳剖面４４件岩石样品的磁性参量及磁滞回线．结合岩石学、地球化学及磁卫星资料的综合研究结果表明,整个断面具有明显的磁性分带结构特征．上地壳、中地壳与下地壳上部岩石饱和磁化强度（Ｊｓ）的平均值分别为５８．７Ａ／ｍ、６８１．２Ａ／ｍ与１０６８．０Ａ／ｍ,而饱和等温剩磁ＪＳＩＲＭ为４．１Ａ／ｍ、７７．９Ａ／ｍ和１３８.４Ａ／ｍ.磁性与变质相及成分对应分析显示,断面内的磁性结构主要受变质作用控制（尤其是变酸性岩与变基性岩）．Ｊｓ值的变异系数Ｖｃ,上地壳为６２．２％、中地壳为６２．５％、下地壳为１４３．７％,而ＪＳＩＲＭ值的变异系数则分别为７０７％、８６．１％、１６５.４％．中一下地壳之间Ｖｃ值的差异远大于上一中地壳,显示了地壳深部磁性强度的非均一分布特征．本区中一下地壳岩石的磁化强度明显高于秦岭造山带北缘的登封群与太华群,这一差异可能与两区地壳深部热结构的明显差异相关．结合磁卫星长波长磁异常分析推测,地壳断面中基性麻粒岩的磁性代表了区域下地壳的磁化强度,如果地壳深部的剩余磁性以热粘滞剩磁（ＴＶＲＴ）为主,则可估算出...     

黄河下游游荡段河床萎缩的影响因素分析

黄河下游河床萎缩典型地表现为平滩水位下河床断面面积的趋势性减小,本文根据黄河下游实测断面和水沙资料采用相关分析方法研究了游荡段河床萎缩的主要影响因素。1960~1997年游荡段河床平滩水位下断面面积经历了1960~1964年和1974~1985年的扩张时期及1965~1973年和1986~1997年的萎缩时期,这种变化是多种因素共同作用的结果。在来水来沙中,年径流量是主要因素,洪峰流量和年平均含沙量是较次要的因素;本文所讨论的其它4个因素中,花园口以上引水量影响最大,降雨量影响次之,兰州以上水库的调节作用对河床断面面积的变化也有较明显的影响;三门峡水库三种不同的使用方式对下游河床有不同的影响,采取"蓄清排浊"方式后对下游河床的影响较小。     

一种断面测量数据的自动处理方法

断面测量在道路施工和一些需要利用断面数据计算土方的工程中有着广泛的应用。为提高断面测量数据处理的效率,文章采用Visual C++编程语言,编制了可以根据特定需求处理断面测量数据的程序。实践证明,该程序较好地提高了断面测量数据处理的效率和精度,可以为断面测量数据程序化处理提供参考。     

全站仪任意设站法测量线路横断面

介绍了全站仪任意设站法的测量线路横断面的原理、作业方法及精度情况。     

Mindful Learning in Geography: Cultivating Balanced Attitudes Toward Regions

This study examines the potential of mindful learning in geography education. A hypothesis was developed to form the research topic, and three experiments were performed to analyze it. The experiments supported the hypothesis. In other words, mindful learning was found to be helpful for cultivating balanced attitudes toward regions. In conclusion, mindful learning has the potential to be a simple but helpful method of geography education.     

黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程洞群施工测量

小浪底水利枢纽工程洞群部分包括导流洞、明流洞、排沙洞、发电洞、孔板洞、灌溉洞等各种隧洞108条。洞群施工控制网是在小浪底GPS首级控制网的基础上布设的，为便于施工和快速放样，首先建立以每条遂洞轴线为北方向的坐标系，并将隧洞原设计采用的国家大地坐标转换为每条隧洞的施工坐标。在开挖测量中，用全站仪配合CASIO fx-4800机算器，计算超欠挖及隧洞拱顶变形值。为保证隧洞施工与设计一致，在断面测量中还使用了瑞士徕卡公司新生产的AMT3000激光无棱镜断面仪，大幅度提高了工作效率：     

福建宁化湖村盆地构造解析及其地质意义

湖村盆地位于闽西宁化县境内，是闽西北地区变质岩系之上，几个零星出露上古生界的和下三叠统地区之一。本文运用平衡剖面的基本原理及构造解析方法，论证了湖村盆地既不是闽西北隆起之上的断陷盆地，也不是简单的“构造窗”而是在早三叠世末－中株罗世，闽西地区自北西向南发生叠瓦式逆冲推覆作用而形成的残存构造盆地。     

Comparison of geostrophic and nonlinear balanced winds from LIMS data and implications for derived dynamical quantities

Nimbus 7 LIMS geopotential height data are utilized to infer the rotational wind distribution in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere and lower mesosphere during a period of substantial wave-mean flow interaction in January, 1979. Rotational winds are derived from the application of a successive relaxation numerical procedure which incorporates the spherical polar coordinate iterative algorithm ofPaegle andTomlinson (1975) for the nondivergent nonlinear balance equation. Optimum convergence of the numerical solutions is found to occur when under-relaxation is utilized. The LIMS height analyses were also latitudinally smoothed and constrained to obey the ellipticity criterion for spherical coordinates. The balanced winds are compared with geostrophically derived values and within situ radiosonde reports for 100 mb to 10 mb over Berlin.From a localized perspective, the Berlin-LIMS comparison indicates that radiosonde and balanced wind vectors exhibit somewhat closer agreement in direction than is associated with the geostrophic estimates. However, substantial quantitative differences between radiosonde, balanced, and geostrophic wind speeds are also evident, suggesting that caution should be exercised in the local application of derived winds, as for example in the quantitative interpretation of trajectories derived from satellite height analyses during periods of enhanced stratospheric wave activity.On a longitudinally averaged basis, balanced zonal-mean wind speeds are typically 20% weaker than geostrophic values in polar latitudes, and as much as 50% weaker in tropical and midlatitude regions. Meridional balanced wind velocities, at a given longitude, are generally within ±10% of geostrophic values. Although these alterations in horizontal wind components result in only modest differences between balanced and geostrophic meridional eddy heat fluxes, a more substantial change appears in the meridional eddy momentum flux analysis. The corresponding patterns of Eliassen-Palm flux divergence are found to be somewhat more (less) intense for the balanced wind case in the stratosphere (lower mesosphere) in polar latitudes.     

综合利用测井曲线研究沉积特征及绘制小层岩相图

油水流动的基本单元是单砂层,而单砂层的分布取决于沉积环境,因此合理开发油气田,必须研究小层沉积相。其研究步骤:①从岩芯井着手,观察岩性、韵律、粒序、沉积构造、粒度分布特征和古生物相等,综合判定亚相;②建立小层各亚相的组合测井曲线标准图版,将各井的组合测井曲线与其对比、定相;③绘制小层岩相剖面图、等厚图及平面相带分布图;④分析图件,对沉积环境演化进行探讨。