高压技术在深海沉积物兼性嗜压菌的筛选和鉴定中的应用

通过自行改进的高压培养罐及高压设备,对深海沉积物进行可培养微生物的筛选,获得6株具有较强耐受压力的细菌.16SrDNA的测序结果表明这些细菌分别属于6个不同的菌属.压力生长试验的结果表明这6株细菌在40MPa的条件下仍然具有较强的生长能力,属于兼性嗜压菌.对不同压力下生长的细菌做显微镜检,结果显示,除了一株芽孢杆菌在40MPa下的菌体形态发生了明显的变化外,其它5株细菌在压力条件下的菌体的分裂均没有受到明显的影响.     

沉积物中细菌叶绿素的环境指示意义

沉积物中的光合细菌与细菌叶绿素（BChl）包含着丰富的古湖泊和古海洋信息。对光合细菌的生存环境,BChl的分布、保存、演化规律等方面进行了阐述,并探讨了湖泊和海洋沉积物中BChl的环境指示意义。BChl作为厌氧光合细菌的主要色素,不但可以指示水体中厌氧光合细菌的演变,而且能够反映化变层深度变化和水体环境特征,揭示季节性和年际尺度的气候变化。同时,根据沉积物中BChl含量可以估算古气候环境下湖泊和海洋的厌氧初级生产力。     

祁连山疏勒河上游芨芨草根际可培养细菌群落特征研究

以疏勒河上游不同海拔芨芨草根际土壤样品为研究对象,研究了不同海拔土样中细菌分布特征及其影响因素. 结果表明：研究区域芨芨草根际土壤可培养细菌种群密度变化范围为1.7×10⁷~10.8×10⁷ CFU·g^-1,平均值为6.4×10⁷ CFU·g^-1,随海拔的升高呈先下降后上升的趋势;可培养细菌数量与土壤全氮、脲酶、蔗糖酶含量呈极显著正相关关系,与有机碳、磷酸酶含量呈显著正相关关系;同时,pH值也是影响细菌数量与多样性的一个重要因素. 通过16S rDNA基因测序及构建系统发育树,研究区域可培养细菌归类为15个属,其中芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属为优势菌属.     

海水中致病菌检测研究进展

海水中致病菌种类繁多、致病性强,对水产养殖和人体健康存在着潜在危害。传统的检测方法培养过程复杂繁琐、耗时长、效率低,难以满足实际工作的需求。因此,建立海水中致病菌的快速、灵敏、准确的检测技术势在必行。本文综述了流式细胞技术、分子生物学方法、免疫学方法和生物传感器技术等在海水致病菌检测中的应用,总结了上述方法在海水致病菌检测中的研究现状。     

Microfossils from the Arymas and Debengda formations, the Riphean of the Olenek Uplift: Age and presumable nature

Studied assemblages of diverse organic-walled microfossils separated from the Arymas and Debengda formations of the Olenek Uplift include several paleobiological groups of microorganisms. Sufficiently large morphotypes of the first group are identified with remains of cyanobacteria. Morphotypes of variable spiral structure, which dwelt in association or in symbiosis with cyanobionts, are attributed to the same bacterial community. The other group includes a series of different acritarch genera whose characters suggest their affinity with green algae of the order Desmidiales. It is very likely that this group coexisted on siliciclastic shoals with large ancestral forms of the present-day brown algae. Several microfossil taxa have been known before from the Neoproterozoic deposits only. With due regard for the relatively gradual accumulation of sedimentary succession lacking large hiatuses and for the regular series of K-Ar dates characterizing three Riphean formations of the Olenek Uplift, it is possible to suggest that there was the Arymas-Debengda-Khaipakh cycle of long-lasted, almost uninterrupted sedimentation within the time span of 1250–900 Ma. It is also admissible that age ranges of some Late Precambrian microfossils are much larger than their distribution intervals postulated formerly.     

纳米磁铁矿链的仿生合成及其生物矿化意义

本文在不使用任何蛋白质或生物分子的情况下,以四方针铁矿和二价铁离子为铁源仿生合成磁铁矿纳米颗粒。实验 结果表明,在弱碱性条件下,合成的磁铁矿颗粒为35 nm左右的近似立方体,而且这些颗粒能够自发的定向排列,形成类 似趋磁细菌体内的磁小体链状结构。作者认为,由于磁铁矿晶体存在着固有的磁偶极,晶体之间的磁偶极作用力驱动着磁 铁矿颗粒自发组装成定向排列的链状结构。这就揭示了在趋磁细菌体内磁小体的矿化及组装链形成过程中,除了生物蛋白 影响外,磁小体颗粒之间的磁偶极吸引作用也可能是一个重要因素。生物蛋白和晶体化学因素可能在趋磁细菌体内生物矿 化过程中协同起作用。     

Evaluation of equivalence between different methods for enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria before and after adoption of the new Bathing Water Directive and risk assessment of pollution

The quality of bathing water is of considerable public importance due to the possibility of fecal contamination. In 2009, Croatia implemented the new European Bathing Water Directive (BWD, 2006/7/EC) establishing stricter microbiological standards for new parameters with new reference methods. This study aims to evaluate the equivalence of different methods according to the old and revised BWD and to provide the possibility of data comparison. Furthermore, the directive requires the establishment of the bathing water profile (BWP) for pollution risk assessment. The estimation of consistency of pollution risk assessment with obtained microbiological results was also performed.     

荧光显微镜细菌计数方法研究

介绍了细菌荧光显微镜直接计数法的基本原理、仪器设备、分析和计算方法,并对水样过滤操作方法作了一些改进。大量实验数据表明改进的操作方法对实验结果不会产生影响,更加利于对海洋微生物指标的监测。