Temporal trends of bulk precipitation and stream water chemistry (1977–1997) in a small forested area,Krusné hory,northern Bohemia,Czech Republic

The Krusné hory (Erzgebirge or Ore Mountains) has been heavily affected by high atmospheric pollutant deposition caused by fossil fuel combustion in an adjacent Tertiary coal basin. Long‐term routine sampling of bulk precipitation (1977–1996) and stream water (1977–1998) in a forested area on the south‐eastern slope of the mountains were used to evaluate trends and patterns in solute concentration and flux with respect to controlling processes. From 1977 to 1996, the annual volume‐weighted Ca²⁺ and SOconcentrations decreased in bulk precipitation. However, after 1989, when a pronounced and continuous decrease occurred in coal production, annual volume‐weighted concentrations decreased for most solutes, except H⁺. The concentration decreases were marked, with 1996 levels at or below 50% of those in 1989. The lack of a trend in H⁺ is attributed to similar decreases in both acid anions and neutralizing base cations. Stream water concentrations of most solutes, i.e. H⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SONOwere highest at the onset of sampling in 1977, decreased markedly from 1977 to 1983 and decreased more gradually from 1983 to 1998. The spruce forest die‐back and removal reduced dry deposition of these solutes by reducing the filtering action, which was provided by the forest canopy. A notable decrease in stream water Ca²⁺ concentrations occurred after 1995 and may be due to the depletion of Ca²⁺, which was provided by catchment liming in 1986, 1988 and 1989. Solute flux trends in bulk atmospheric deposition and stream water generally were not significant and the lack of trend is attributed to the large interannual variability in precipitation quantity and runoff, respectively. All solutes except Na⁺ varied seasonally. The average seasonal concentrations varied between the solutes, but for most solutes were highest in winter and spring and lowest in summer, correlating with the seasonal trend in runoff. For Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and SOthe concentration minimum occurs in September and the maximum occurs in February or March, correlating with the seasonal baseflow. These solutes are primarily controlled by the contribution of soil water and groundwater to stream flow. During snowmelt, the meltwater generally causes concentrations to decrease as soil water and groundwater are diluted. For NO₃ , average minimum concentrations occur in August at the end of the growing season concurrent with the lowest stream flow, and the maximum occurs in February and March with high stream flow during snowmelt. Seasonal stream water NOconcentration variations are large compared with the long‐term decrease. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种用于小体积偏置探测器锥束CT系统的反投影滤波重建算法

在传统的CT系统中,系统的硬件成本和计算量都是非常巨大的.本文深入分析了一种利用偏移放置的面阵探测器的锥束CT系统,在这种系统中X射线束仅仅覆盖被扫描物体的一半体积,投影数据在探测器方向上是截断的,探测器尺寸和投影数据量都减少为传统CT系统的一半.在这种扫描方式下,现有的重建方法是首先利用重排算法获得180度范围内的平行束投影数据,然后再利用滤波反投影(FBP)算法重建出物体的三维图像.但是重排算法不可避免地会引入误差,降低重建图像的空间分辨率.本文提出了一种反投影滤波(BPF)形式的直接反投影重建方法,该方法不需要对投影数据重排,直接反投影滤波重建出最终的图像.因此,该算法在数学上更简洁,计算速度更快,能够更多地保留重建图像的高频信息.最后,数值模拟实验结果验证了该系统和重建算法能够获得高质量的CT图像.     

Apparent damping induced by spurious pitching in shaking‐table testing

A seismic shaking‐table test performed on a one‐storey steel frame with an 8 ton RC floor slab was reproduced on a similar specimen by means of the pseudo‐dynamic (PsD) method. A satisfactory agreement of the results could only be achieved after recalibration of the theoretical mass in the PsD equation and proper inclusion in the PsD test input of the horizontal and pitching accelerations measured on the table. In the shaking‐table test, the spurious pitching motion produced a significant increase in the apparent damping that could be estimated as a function of the pitching dynamic flexibility of the system. Dynamic and PsD snap‐back tests were also performed to provide an additional check of the reliability of the PsD method. The spurious pitching motion of the shaking table should always be measured during the tests and reported as a mean to increase the reliability and usefulness of the results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neural network based on rough sets and its application to remote sensing image classification

This paper presents a new kind of back propagation neural network(BPNN) based on rough sets,called rough back propagation neural network (RBPNN).The architecture and training method of RBPNN are presented and the survey and analysis of RBPNN for the classification of remote sensing multi-spectral image is discussed.The successful application of RBPNN to a land cover classification illustrates the simple computation and high accuracy of the new neural network and the flexibility and practicality of this new approach.     

遗传BP算法在特征级遥感影像融合中的应用

将遗传算法与BP网络结合,并两次运用遗传算法,得到BP网络的初始网络参数及初始权值矩阵(阈值),再应用BP网络对各参数进行细调,将训练好的网络应用于特征级遥感影像融合,最后应用MATLAB软件对该算法进行仿真实验,得到较好的结果,并进一步对融合结果进行评价。     

在软土地基上有反压护道路堤及堤坝的稳定计算

用反压护道对软土路基进行处理,是保证路堤及堤坝稳定常用的工程措施之一。而目前较常使用的极限平衡法在对有反压护道的路堤及堤坝稳定性进行分析计算时,其结果及搜索到的滑动面位置和形状与实际差别较大。通过强度折减分析了不同工况下有反压护道的路堤的稳定性,并与极限平衡法进行了对比,结果表明,强度折减法的分析结果更接近工程实际情况。利用早期得出的复杂荷载作用下路堤的填土极限高度计算公式,实现用填土极限高度控制路堤的稳定性。最后,以工程实例验证了强度折减和填土极限高度判断有反压护道路堤稳定性是切实可行的。     

围岩力学参数反演的GSA-BP神经网络模型及应用

针对遗传算法（GA）存在早熟现象和局部寻优能力较差等缺陷,引入具有很强局部搜索能力的模拟退火算法（SA）,组成改进的遗传模拟退火算法（GSA）提高优化问题的能力和求解质量。针对BP神经网络容易陷入局部最小和收敛速度慢等方面的不足,应用改进的遗传模拟退火算法搜索BP神经网络的最优权值和阀值,提高BP神经网络的预测精度,建立了围岩力学参数反分析的GSA-BP神经网络模型。将该模型应用于乌东德水电站右岸地下厂房围岩力学参数的反演分析中,根据监测围岩变形数据反演围岩力学参数,反演所得参数应用到正计算分析中,得出的计算位移与实测值吻合较好,说明该方法的有效性和应用于该工程的可行性。     

大别山北麓石炭纪盆地沉积和构造研究

大别山加里东构造带北麓的石炭系为残留海盆地沉积 ,分布限制在潢川—固始—肥中断裂以南和信阳—商城—金寨—舒城断裂以北 ,保存在南翼向南倒转并有逆冲推覆构造的复式向斜中 ,中部被燕山期花岗岩侵入体破坏。排除构造重复 ,石炭系总厚 >2 0 0 9m (掩盖部分未计 ) ,按岩石地层单元分 5个组 ,各组之间均为断层接触。自下而上花园墙组为以复理石为代表的深水浊积扇和具有向上变细序列的陡坡扇沉积 ;杨山组为辫状河和滨岸辫状三角洲含煤沉积 ;道人冲组为辫状河、辫状三角洲、扇三角洲及滨浅海沉积 ;胡油坊组分布最广 ,为微咸水盆地陡坡扇、浊积扇沉积 ,有特征的复理石和滑塌沉积 ;杨小庄组为碎屑海岸含煤沉积。下统和上统的界限位于道人冲组中下部厚层砾岩的底部。古水流方向以自南指向北占优势 ,物源主要来自南侧的大别山区。石炭系下统砾岩为远源硅质正砾岩 ,含大量脉石英砾石 ,母岩为岩浆热液成因 ,现已无保存 ;上统砾岩为近源陡坡环境形成的复成分、多杂基的副砾岩 ,为浊积砾岩 ,其中脉石英砾石明显减少 ,含千枚岩和沉积岩砾石 ,母岩主要来自南侧的信阳群 /佛子岭群等。复理石、滑塌、浊积砾岩的存在表明石炭系具陡坡陆缘海活动大陆边缘的沉积特征 ,并发现有少量火山岩碎屑 ,可能形成于弧后盆地。稀?     

基于沉降资料反演固结系数的方法研究

Asaoka法在岩土工程中经常用于工后沉降的预测,同时Asaoka方法中的 - 直线的斜率 和固结系数 的关系还被广泛用于反演地基的固结系数。但相关资料表明用该方法反演得到固结系数与地基的固结系数存在一定的误差。为此分析了产生误差的原因,并在此基础上,根据Terzaghi一维固结理论推导了的 - 直线的斜率 和固结系数 之间的表达式。分析表明采用推导得到的 - 表达式反演的固结系数与地基的固结系数能够较好地吻合。     

公伯峡面板堆石坝流变变形的反演分析

采用沈珠江等提出的流变模型,根据公伯峡面板堆石坝坝体填筑竣工到蓄水前的沉降监测资料,进行反演分析得到相应的流变参数,并用该参数对大坝应力变形进行了计算分析。沉降点监测值和计算值变动规律比较一致,说明了流变模型的有效性;由于坝体堆石料的流变,面板的受力变形在运行期内呈现一定规律性的变化,并逐渐趋于稳定