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The paper first recalls briefly a methodological framework to assess landslide hazard and risk analysis in terms of predisposition, triggering andrevealing factors. This framework, that reflects the mechanisms involved in the landslide, is based on the Geotechnical Characterisation of slope movements proposed by Vaunat et al. (1994) and Leroueil et al. (1996). The Geotechnical Characterisation can be schematized by a 3-D matrix having the following axes: types of movement; types ofmaterial; and the four stages of movement: pre-failure, failure, post-failure andreactivation. For each relevant element of this 3-D matrix, there is a characterisationsheet including: the controlling laws and parameters, the predisposition factors, thetriggering or aggravating factors, the revealing factors and the consequences of the movement. The paper focuses afterwards on the post-failure stage, which generallyis the most destructive, and on the mobility index. It is shown that this laterindex can be described as the product of sub-indices associated with failure, brittlenessof the material, ability of the soil to develop pore pressures, geometry of the moving soil mass and characteristics of the terrain. It is also shown how these aspectscan be incorporated into the Geotechnical characterisation of slope movements. This seems to provide a rational basis for examining slope movements at the post-failure stage and assessing associated risks. 相似文献
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The aim of the paper is to provide an experimental reference for investigation of asymmetric water entry of wedges. Parameters of the study include initial deadrise angle, inclination angle and impact speed. Initial deadrise angles of the wedges were 20° and 30° with inclination angles ranging from 0° to 15° in 5° increments. Wedges were freely fallen from three different heights. Time histories of impact pressure and body acceleration were recorded. Sampling rate of measurements were set to 25 KHz. Main configuration of each test including mass of the wedge and water level were kept unchanged during all experiments. Additionally, several calibration tests were conducted to assess the repeatability and accuracy of the recorded data. The experimental results are compared with different entry theories and other available experiments. The comparison shows a reasonable agreement and indicates that the inclination angle can dramatically affect the impact pressure experienced by the wedges. Finally, the results show that the traditional asymmetric theories are not appropriate for all inclination angles. 相似文献
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Shubhra Goel Shalini Nihar Ranjan Patra 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1511-1525
Inclined anchors are widely used in a variety of civil engineering problems to resist oblique loads, most relevant being in
transmission towers and in rocks and dams for structural strengthening. In the present study, the breakout resistance of the
inclined anchors in sand has been worked out using limit equilibrium approach. The breakout resistance has been calculated
for different soil friction angles with varying relative depth ratio and anchor inclination. The break out factor increases
continuously with the inclination of the anchor. A comparison of predicted values of break out resistance of anchors by the
proposed analysis with the experimental values as reported by the other researchers showed reasonably good agreement. 相似文献
16.
在挡土墙稳定性计算基本原理基础上, 引入《核电厂抗震设计规范》(GB 50267-97) 关于地震系数的规定, 重新建立了安全相关边坡挡土墙土压力和地震角计算公式, 并应用到实际工程中。对比分析显示, 挡土墙按核安全边坡和一般边坡进行抗震验算时, 地震系数、地震角的取值相差较大; 由于按核安全边坡计算时地震力远大于一般边坡, 因此稳定系数远小于一般边坡。 相似文献
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The reliability and/or stability of the lifeline structures against failure under seismic loads are of critical concern, and must be studied carefully. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the commonly encountered backfill effects on the dynamic response of rectangular tanks. However, only the exterior wall of the tank which interacts with both the backfill and fluid is tackled, as each part of the structure shows considerable differences in terms of both the load bearing mechanisms and the geometrical and positional differences. Finite element analyses are employed, taking into consideration the fluid-wall-backfill interaction. The analyses are conducted to observe whether or not both backfill and wall behavior can be affected by variation of the internal friction angle. For that purpose, some comparisons are made on vertical displacements of the backfill, roof displacements, stress responses, etc., by means of internal friction angle variations of the backfill from 25° to 40°. Consequently, it is observed that the variations on maximum vertical displacements are affected considerably. In contrast, the maximum stress responses are affected partially. However, the inertial effects of the backfill show that pseudo-static approximations may be insufficient to understand the dynamic behavior of the backfill-wall-fluid system. 相似文献
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基于Fluent流体计算平台,运用大涡模拟方法对亚临界雷诺数Re=3900下“X”形排列五圆柱体结构群三维绕流特性进行研究,主要分析来流攻角α与间距比L/D两个关键参数对五圆柱体结构群的尾流区三维涡结构演化与流体力系数的影响,并揭示其内在流动互扰机理。研究表明:来流攻角和间距比的变化对五圆柱体结构群流动控制及互扰效应的影响显著。在小间距比工况下,观察到柱体群间隙区域内流体高速流动的现象,导致五圆柱体之间的互扰作用十分强烈。间隙流对中间圆柱体和下游圆柱体有较强的冲击作用,对其表面的流体力分布特性有显著的影响。另外,大间距比工况下,当α=0°与L/D≥5.0工况时,柱体群尾流效应强于其间隙流效应。当α=22.5°与L/D=7.0时,位于下游与中间处的圆柱体流体绕流特性存在较大差异。而当α=45°与L/D≥6.0时,位于上游与中间处的圆柱体尾流区均会产生正负交替的漩涡结构。 相似文献
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对称模式下的CHAMP弯曲角掩星数据同化 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
简单介绍了无线电掩星技术探测行星大气的发展史,列举了该技术中存在的若干问题。从 Eyre提出的统计学的最优估计反演方法,比较了用相位、弯曲角和折射率作为同化因子时出现的问题和各自的优缺点。对弯曲角同化因子,以欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)资料为背景场,运用一维变分技术,进行CHAMP掩星观测资料变分同化反演,从而获得水汽和温度剖面。将反演获得的气象剖面与非同化的剖面作比较,并且采用相应的探空气球资料作为验证,可以看出变分同化技术比传统的标准反演技术反演误差小。证实掩星数据资料的一维变分同化技术可以改进目前的数值天气预报模式。 相似文献
20.
Ma Jun Zhao Jun-liang Zhang Fei-peng Peng Qiu-he 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2000,24(4):367-443
A statistical study has been made for the variations along the Hubble sequence, os such parameters as the degree of tightness of winding of spiral arm λ, the pitch angle μ, the flatness of the disk H/D25 and the thickness H along the Hubble sequence for 365 spiral galaxies published in A&Ap Supplement Series. The mean values of these quantities for the various Hubble types have been obtained for the first time. The results of the statistics show clearly 1) that the Hubble classification of spiral galaxies is one which has only a qualitative and statistical significance, and 2) that the dispersion relation in the density wave theory is valid for most spiral galaxies, i.e., the arms of most spiral galaxies satisfy the requirements of being tightly wound. 相似文献