H/V谱比方法在强震记录应用中几个影响因素的初步研究

随着我国强震记录的积累,利用强震记录进行工程场地抗震设防研究成为必然。使用滇西南地区2007—2011年间强震台网记录到的强震动记录数据,研究使用水平/垂直谱比法(H/V)处理强震数据时的几个影响因素。通过研究发现:在使用H/V谱比法进行场地地震效应研究时,强震记录和地脉动记录存在较大的不同;使用强震记录可以获得更多的震源和台站场地参数信息,但这同时也相应增加了强震数据使用时的难度。比较国内外学者使用强震数据进行场地地震效应的研究成果,分析在使用强震数据时存在的问题,最终给出使用强震记录研究场地效应的建议。     

浙江省测震观测台网井下地震计方位角检测与校正

选取浙江省测震台网景宁、北仑、南麂岛地震台井下地震计观测数据,采用地震数据波形相关性分析法,与地表地震计同步观测数据进行相关性分析,检测并校正井下地震计方位角,结果发现,3个地震台井下地震计方位角实际偏差分别为82.2°、-22.8°、32.2°。分析认为,井下地震计安装易受线缆应力影响,导致方位角与实际偏差过大,应在应力释放完成后固定地震计,并架设地表地震计进行数据相关性分析,以确定方位角可靠性。     

应变率效应对600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能影响研究

为了更真实地进行钢筋混凝土结构抗震性能评估,应该考虑材料的应变率效应影响。600 MPa级高强钢筋作为新一代建筑钢材,尚无考虑应变率效应影响的600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能研究。首先进行了不同应变率下600 MPa级高强钢筋拉伸力学性能试验,利用试验数据拟合得到600 MPa级高强钢筋在不同应变率下的强度提高系数表达式,并利用OpenSees软件进行了配置600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能模拟分析,研究了应变率效应对框架结构抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着应变率的增大,钢筋的屈服强度和极限强度均得到提高,屈服强度最大提高11.5%,极限强度最大提高8.9%;随着所考虑的材料应变率增加,配置600 MPa级高强钢筋框架结构最大顶点位移总体上呈减小趋势,地震波强度越强,应变率效应影响越大,而层间位移角减小幅值相差不大。研究成果可作为600MPa级高强钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震评估的依据。     

钙质砂的休止角研究与工程应用

砂土的天然休止角对土堆设计、基坑设计和边坡稳定性研判有重要的指导意义。砂土的天然休止角受土颗粒的摩擦特性、颗粒形状、粒径和含水状态等诸多因素的影响。开展了钙质砂的天然休止角试验,研究了多种因素对钙质砂天然休止角的影响规律。结果表明：钙质砂3种常见颗粒形状中,片状休止角最大,枝棒状次之,块状最小;钙质砂天然休止角随着粒径的增大而增大;当平均粒径相同时,天然休止角随着不均匀系数的增大而增大,随着曲率系数的增大而减少;通过与标准石英砂的对比试验发现,石英砂的天然休止角小于钙质砂天然休止角。对现场钙质砂边坡测量后表明,钙质砂地基经过振冲挤密后基坑开挖最大坡角略大于室内测得的天然休止角。研究结果对钙质砂土堆和基坑设计等工程实践有一定指导意义。     

Combining Decision Trees with Angle Indices to Identify Mangrove Forest at Shenzhen Bay,China

Mangroves are woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts that play an important role in these zones. The infrared wave band is one of the key bands in the remote sensing identification of mangrove forest, and ALI (advanced land imagery) has a large number of infrared bands. Two angle indices were proposed based on liquid water absorption at band 5p and band 5 of EO-1 ALI, denoted as β_1.25 and β_1.65 respectively. A decision tree method was adopted to identify mangrove forest using remote sensing techniques for β_1.25-β_1.65 and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) for EO-1 ALI imagery acquired at Shenzhen Bay. The results showed that the reflectance of mangrove forests at band 5p and band 5 was significantly lower than that of terrestrial vegetation due to the characteristics of coastal wetlands of mangrove forests. This resulted in a greater β_1.25-β_1.65 value for mangrove forest than terrestrial vegetation. The decision tree method using β_1.25-β_1.65 and NDVI effectively identifies mangrove forest from other land cover categories. The misclassification and leakage rates were 4.29% and 5.11% respectively. ALI sensors with many infrared bands could play an important role in discriminating mangrove forest.     

中纬热层大气质量密度经向结构差异研究

本文利用CHAMP卫星以及全球电离层-热层模型(GITM)来研究太阳活动低年(2007—2009年)中纬热层大气质量密度(ρ)的经度结构变化.结果如下:(1)ρ存在明显的经度单波结构(单峰和单谷),且南北半球反相,波峰和波谷随着地方时增加而向东移动;(2)模拟表明离子拖曳效应在ρ结构差异的形成中起到了重要的作用,欧亚地区电子密度经度差异性较弱,不足以影响ρ经度分布,导致该地区ρ经度差异不明显;(3)在磁中纬地区,太阳天顶角的经度差异可达20°~30°,太阳光加热的经度不均匀性是导致ρ经度差异的另一个主要原因.     

平均入射角道集PP波与PS波联合反演

在界面两侧地层的弹性参数弱反差的假设难以成立的情况下,本文提出用平均入射角道集进行PP波与PS波的联合反演.首先,在PP波与PS波AVA(amplitude versus angle,振幅随入射角变化)道集的基础上,分别选择小入射角范围与大入射角范围的AVA道集进行局部加权叠加,以获得由两个角度组成的平均入射角道集,并作为后续反演的输入数据.然后,再通过最小二乘原理建立了PP波与PS波联合反演目标函数,推导了模型修改量的向量公式,建立了平均入射角道集联合反演的流程.模型数据与实际数据的测试结果表明:在信噪比较低、地层弹性参数反差较大、层厚较薄的情况下,该反演方法的精度在很大程度上超过了基于近似反射系数的反演方法,为复杂油气藏勘探提供了新的思路.     

Displacement amplification factors for steel eccentrically braced frames

Inelastic deformation capacity of links is a factor that significantly influences design of steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). The link rotation angle is used to describe inelastic link deformation. The link rotation angle is generally calculated by making use of design story drifts that in turn are calculated by modifying the elastic displacements by a displacement amplification factor. This paper presents a numerical study undertaken to evaluate the displacement amplification factor given in ASCE7‐10 for EBFs and the rigid‐plastic mechanism used for calculating link rotation angles. A total of 72 EBFs were designed by considering the number of stories, the bay width, the link length to bay width ratio, and the seismic hazard level as the prime variables. All structures were analyzed using elastic and inelastic time history analyses. The results indicated that the displacement amplification factor given in ASCE7‐10 provides unconservative estimates of the story drifts. On the other hand, the rigid‐plastic mechanism provides conservative estimates of link rotations. Based on the results of the numerical study, a new set of displacement amplification factors that vary along the height of the structure and modifications to the rigid‐plastic mechanism were developed. In light of the proposed modifications, the EBFs were redesigned and analyzed using inelastic time history analysis. The results indicated that the proposed modifications provide improvements for the displacement amplification factor and link rotation angle calculation procedures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Damage response of multistorey r/c buildings with different structural systems subjected to seismic motion of arbitrary orientation

In the present study the combined influence of seismic orientation and a number of parameters characterizing the structural system of Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings on the level of expected damages are examined. For the purposes of the above investigation eight medium‐rise buildings are designed on the basis of the current seismic codes. The structural characteristics examined are the ratio of the base shear received by the structural walls, the ratio of horizontal stiffness in two orthogonal directions and the structural eccentricity. Then, the buildings are analyzed by nonlinear time response analysis using 100 bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes, forming 72 different angles with the structural axes. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the Park and Ang damage index. The results of the analyses revealed that the damage level of the buildings is strongly affected by the incident angle of the ground motion. The extent at which the orientation of the seismic records influences the damage response depends on the structural system and the distance of the record to the fault rupture. As a consequence, the common practice of applying the earthquake records along the structural axes can lead to significant underestimation of structural damage. Also, it was shown that the structural eccentricity can significantly differentiate the seismic damage level, as well as the impact of the earthquake orientation on the structural damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

软土地基上影响预应力钢筒混凝土管相对转角关键因素研究

预应力钢筒混凝土输水管线(PCCP)已广泛应用于地下输水工程,特别是南水北调工程。管道接口属于半刚性结构,相邻管道可产生一定的自由转角,在自由转角范围内两管之间不会产生内力。当相对转角大于自由转角时,两管会产生相互作用力,作用力过大会导致PCCP管的破坏,如何有效地控制不均匀软土地基上相邻管道转角成为研究管道安全的关键问题之一。首先分析了导致PCCP管线产生相对转角的机制,结合现场试验和数值分析对控制PCCP管线相对转角的关键因素进行研究。研究表明,相对转角的敏感因素为管道底部碎石垫层厚度、腰部以下砂垫层（砂包角）厚度和压实度,随着碎石垫层厚度增大、砂垫层（砂包角）厚度和压实度增加,管线相对转角降低,通过控制这3个因素可有效控制PCCP管的相对转角。研究成果可为软土地基上PCCP输水工程设计提供依据和指导。