西秦岭北缘新阳—元龙韧性剪切带中花岗质糜棱岩黑云母40Ar 39Ar年龄及地质意义

西秦岭北缘新阳-元龙大型韧性剪切带是分划西秦岭造山带与祁连造山带的区域主构造边界,通过对其物质组成和构造特征的研究,结合两侧不同(洋-陆)构造环境下各类地质体的研究成果,重点对剪切带内花岗质糜棱岩中黑云母单矿物进行了~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年研究.在新阳镇和元龙北剪切带中分别获得(347.95±2.17)Ma (MSWD＝1.89)和(351.70±1.72)Ma (MSWD＝0.80)的坪年龄,分析确定其应为黑云母的冷却年龄,表明变形时代应在早石炭世早期之前;反映了最晚在早石炭世早期,该剪切带已横切秦岭与祁连造山带并发生强烈的右行走滑构造拼贴作用.     

Deformation during exhumation of medium‐ and high‐grade metamorphic rocks in the Variscan chain in northern Sardinia (Italy)

The Anglona and SW Gallura regions represent key places to investigate the tectonic evolution of medium‐ and high‐grade metamorphic rocks cropping out in northern Sardinia (Italy). From south to north we distinguish two different metamorphic complexes recording similar deformation histories but different metamorphic evolution: the Medium Grade Metamorphic Complex (MGMC) and the High Grade Metamorphic Complex (HGMC). After the initial collisional stage (D1 deformation phase), both complexes were affected by three contractional deformational phases (D2, D3 and D4) followed by later extensional tectonics. The D2 deformation phase was the most significant event producing an important deformation partitioning that produced localized shearing and folding domains at the boundary between the two metamorphic complexes. We highlight the presence of two previously undocumented systems of shear belts with different kinematics but analogous orientation in the axial zone of Sardinia. They became active at the boundary between the MGMC and HGMC from the beginning of D2. They formed a transpressive regime responsible for the exhumation of the medium‐ and high‐grade metamorphic rocks, and overall represent a change from orthogonal to orogen‐parallel tectonic transport. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

桂北地区剪切带型金矿成矿机理研究

桂北地区金矿划分为石英脉型、石英细脉带型和构造蚀变岩型金矿.不同级别剪切带构造控制矿化集中区、矿床、矿体分布以及矿脉形态、产状和矿化类型,具有上部石英脉型、中部石英细脉带型、下部构造蚀变岩型金矿的矿化分带模式.金质矿源主要来源于上地壳围岩,硫源主要来自深部,金矿成矿溶液主要来源于大气降水,热源来自变质和构造运动,成矿时代主要为燕山期.矿床成因属是产于前寒武纪浅变质碎屑岩系的与脆一韧性剪切带有关的中低温热液脉状金矿.     

Estimating economic losses of midrise reinforced concrete shear wall buildings in sedimentary basins by combining empirical and simulated seismic hazard characterizations

Studies of recorded ground motions and simulations have shown that deep sedimentary basins can greatly increase the intensity of earthquake ground motions within a period range of approximately 1–4 s, but the economic impacts of basin effects are uncertain. This paper estimates key economic indicators of seismic performance, expressed in terms of earthquake‐induced repair costs, using empirical and simulated seismic hazard characterizations that account for the effects of basins. The methodology used is general, but the estimates are made for a series of eight‐ to 24‐story residential reinforced concrete shear wall archetype buildings in Seattle, WA, whose design neglects basin effects. All buildings are designed to comply with code‐minimum requirements (i.e., reference archetypes), as well as a series of design enhancements, which include (a) increasing design forces, (b) decreasing drift limits, and (c) a combination of these strategies. As an additional reference point, a performance‐based design is also assessed. The performance of the archetype buildings is evaluated for the seismic hazard level in Seattle according to the 2018 National Seismic Hazard Model (2018 NSHM), which explicitly considers basin effects. Inclusion of basin effects results in an average threefold increase in annualized losses for all archetypes. Incorporating physics‐based ground motion simulations to represent the large‐magnitude Cascadia subduction interface earthquake contribution to the hazard results in a further increase of 22% relative to the 2018 NSHM. The most effective of the design strategies considered combines a 25% increase in strength with a reduction in drift limits to 1.5%.     

A new portable in situ flume for measuring critical shear stress on river beds

A new portable in situ flume(PISF)for measuring critical bed shear stress(CBSS)was developed in this study.The PISF consists of an open bottom sediment erosion chamber and an electrically-driven pump.Unlike most existing in situ flumes with similar designs,the new PISF does not rely on monitoring the flow conditions or particle density in the sediment erosion chamber;instead,it is a pre-calibrated flume.The calibration was performed by first determining CBSS of various selected sediment samples of known particle size and density(using the law of the wall),based on flow velocity-depth profiles measured in a 6 m straight open-channel flume using a Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)system.These same particles of known CBSS were then used in the new in-situ flume under controlled lab conditions to obtain a series of calibration curves of CBSS vs.pump electrical power.A wide variety of particle types and sizes(simulated sediments)were used in this two-step calibration procedure to widen CBSS measurement range and simulate cohesive force effects.The size of the PISF is much smaller and more practical than other similar devices as lamellar flow conditions are not required and it can be applied to a wide range of sediment types including cohesive sediments.     

铧厂沟金矿床区域韧性剪切带特征

首次对铧厂沟金矿床区域韧性剪切带进行了较为系统的研究。根据野外地质调查和室内显微构造分析 ,区内发育一条较大区域韧性剪切带 ,无论沿走向还是顺倾向均呈舒缓波状 ,强变形带和弱变形域呈镶嵌形式。区域韧性剪切带经历了右行—左行—右行多期 (次 )活动 ,剪切方位也多次变化 ;早期形成温度约 5 0 0℃ ,以右行剪切为主 ,古应力值大于 0 .0 75GPa。控矿韧脆性剪切带是区域韧性剪切带演化的产物 ,最终形成脆性断裂。区域韧性剪切作用控制矿床、矿带的分布 ,并使部分金从矿源层分溢出来 ,产生第一阶段金的富集。次级韧脆性剪切带 (控矿剪切带 )控制富矿体的分布。因此 ,铧厂沟金矿床可称为韧性剪切带型金矿床。另外 ,中 -下泥盆统三河口群第一岩段第一岩层 (D1 -2 SH1a)部分原岩有明显海底热水同沉积特征 ;在矿床之西万家山—张家山应注意寻找硅化石英粗糜棱岩型金矿石。     

信阳-周党地区龟梅断裂带的右行剪切及其构造意义

通过对龟梅断裂带的深入研究发现,龟梅断裂带在三叠纪的陆-陆碰撞后叠加了右行走滑剪切作用,估算剪切带古差异应力为48.58MPa。剪切作用开始时间为约220Ma。松潘—甘孜板块的构造介入,可能是右行剪切作用形成的直接原因。     

构造-蚀变岩相填图方法在南秦岭汉阴黄龙金矿中的应用

随着新一轮全国危机矿山找矿工作的开展,低成本、高效率的就矿找矿理论和方法对于一些老矿区的深部和外围找矿尤为重要。矿区构造-蚀变岩相填图的范围就是矿区勘查范围,在填图过程中把控岩构造、控矿构造、矿化蚀变等信息作为填图重点,以矿区地质图为底图,把野外填图过程中收集到的有关控矿构造、矿化蚀变等信息分期次,分不同特征等标示在底图上,形成控岩控矿构造实际材料图,在实际材料图基础上,编制矿区构造-蚀变岩相图,从而寻找主要的控矿构造和与矿化密切相关的蚀变岩相带,并为下一步矿区外围和深部找矿、工程布置提供靶区依据。黄龙金矿区位于扬子板块北缘南秦岭构造带,矿区志留系梅子垭组地层经历了多期构造变形,并叠加有区域变质和热液变质作用。本研究采用构造-蚀变岩相填编图的方法,在矿区填编出了3条脆-韧性剪切带和黑云母变斑晶化、硅化等蚀变岩相带,并认为脆-韧性剪切带、黑云母变斑晶化带、硅化带及蚀变岩相叠加带等蚀变与金矿体存在密切关系,是矿区下一步外围及深部找矿的重点靶区。     

细粒含量对冰碛土抗剪强度影响的实验研究

为研究细粒组颗粒在浸水/降雨条件下产生迁移对冰碛土抗剪强度的影响,从西藏林芝市帕隆藏布嘎隆寺沟流域内采取冰碛土样品,进行7种不同细粒（粒径小于2 mm）含量情况下的冰碛土比重和相对密度的测试,开展了不同围压下的大型饱和固结不排水三轴（CU）实验。结果表明：（1）细粒含量对干密度的影响较小,不同细粒含量的冰碛土孔隙比大致相同,细颗粒对孔隙具有改造作用,不同细粒含量会引起孔隙结构的差异,从而导致冰碛土的结构差异,最终导致抗剪强度的不同;（2）细颗粒迁移导致冰碛堤坡脚和内部一定深度细粒含量较高,达到一定的量值时,抗剪强度明显降低,冰碛堤容易发生剪切破坏;（3）细粒含量对抗剪强度参数的变化具有重要影响,从中还可以反映出冰碛土结构控制的变化：粗颗粒控制→粗细颗粒共同控制→细颗粒控制。研究结果对于评价冰碛堤的稳定性具有重要意义。     

新资深大断裂变质带特征、成因及活动演化

在前人研究成果和野外调查基础上,对新资深大断裂变质带特征进行系统总结,从宏观构造、显微构造与组构、岩石矿物学、年代学和地球化学等多学科角度综合研究,分析了新资断裂带各类岩石组构成因,并建立了其活动演化期次。新资深大断裂变质带构造岩主要包括定向组构系列岩石和块状系列岩石,主要是由早期的韧性变形变质作用阶段和晚期的脆性破碎作用阶段先后作用形成。越城岭岩体西侧规模巨大的花岗片麻岩带应属新资深大断裂变质带的一部分,属早期活动的产物,其原岩为越城岭岩体,为断裂变质和动力热流变质作用形成。韧性剪切系列岩石按变形变质强度可分为高温高压韧性剪切带和中温高压韧性剪切带,表明韧性剪切作用具有多期性。新资断裂带活动演化主要经历了四个阶段,始于加里东期,至喜山期均有活动,现在的新资断裂带是经过多个阶段不同类型变质作用由东向西不断迁移和相互叠加的结果。