全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3067篇 |
免费 | 838篇 |
国内免费 | 747篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 235篇 |
大气科学 | 521篇 |
地球物理 | 1192篇 |
地质学 | 1667篇 |
海洋学 | 601篇 |
天文学 | 20篇 |
综合类 | 179篇 |
自然地理 | 237篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 40篇 |
2022年 | 95篇 |
2021年 | 125篇 |
2020年 | 162篇 |
2019年 | 189篇 |
2018年 | 156篇 |
2017年 | 152篇 |
2016年 | 149篇 |
2015年 | 177篇 |
2014年 | 250篇 |
2013年 | 248篇 |
2012年 | 243篇 |
2011年 | 238篇 |
2010年 | 186篇 |
2009年 | 212篇 |
2008年 | 184篇 |
2007年 | 214篇 |
2006年 | 211篇 |
2005年 | 171篇 |
2004年 | 145篇 |
2003年 | 138篇 |
2002年 | 109篇 |
2001年 | 97篇 |
2000年 | 94篇 |
1999年 | 73篇 |
1998年 | 82篇 |
1997年 | 92篇 |
1996年 | 82篇 |
1995年 | 60篇 |
1994年 | 57篇 |
1993年 | 50篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有4652条查询结果,搜索用时 890 毫秒
981.
长江口海图深度基准面换算关系研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
长江口不同时期的海图采用的深度基准面不一样 ,为充分利用诸多历史海图资料 ,需要了解历史海图深度基准面之间的关系。本文介绍了海图理论深度基准面 (前苏联弗拉基米斯基的低潮面 )的推算方法 ,用Matlab语言实现了对海图理论深度基准面的人机交互式计算。利用 1977年实测潮位资料计算获得的调和常数 ,计算了长江口 10个验潮站的深度基准面 ,探讨了不同深度基准面之间的换算关系 相似文献
982.
983.
This study presents results of surveys conducted along the slow to ultra-slow spreading axis of the Northern North Fiji Basin (NNFB), including the Hazel Holmes, Tripartite and South Pandora Ridges, and the newly discovered Futuna and North Cikobia spreading centers. Spreading segments along these axes display highly contrasted axial morphologies, ranging from a rift valley to a prominent axial high. In some places, abrupt inversions of topography are observed between neighboring segments. Detailed analyses of bathymetry and backscatter maps reveal that axial highs are spotted with numerous coalescent volcanoes forming features ranging from irregular terrains to well-organized ridges. The volcanic edifices are distributed over a wide neovolcanic zone, which corresponds to the axial relief, suggesting on important contribution of volcanism to the relief construction. Comparisons between various ridge-shaped segments reveal that axial volcano-tectonic patterns are directly related to the local magma production and delivery, in a context of tectonic extension related to plate divergence, and suggest that coalescent volcanoes are fed from multiples short-lived and unconnected magma lenses. In the competition between horizontal and vertical accretion of oceanic crust, the spreading centers of the NNFB represent a special case where lava production is locally high enough and spreading rate is low enough to allow prominent axial highs to develop. The along axis morphologic variability is related to intermittent volcanic activity that may result from rapid temporal and spatial variations in the distribution of upper mantle convection cells below accretion centers, superimposed on the regional thermal anomaly located under the whole basin. 相似文献
984.
Abstract. The utilization of the spatial resources of two syntopic blenniid species - Blennius cunevue and Blennius incognitas - has been investigated in silu and under laboratory conditions. Both species occupy bore holes of the mussel Lithophugu in the sublittoral zone. B. cunevue dominates the more shallow zone (= 0.68 m) and prefers smaller (= 12.76 mm diameter) and horizontal bore holes. B. incognitus inhabits the same depth range as B. cunevue but occupies larger bore holes (= 14.57 mm) in a deeper zone (= 0.86 m). Individuals of B. incognitus do not prefer a special inclination angle. The two blenniid species defend territories with different intraspecific sizes: the mean territory radius of B. cunevue is 6.87 mm, of B. incognitus = 10.95. Mechanisms to reduce competition include different activity rhythm, interspecific social dominance, and differences in territoriality. B. cunevue is the dominant species; its territories arc defended against conspecifics and against B. incognitus. 相似文献
985.
David
Scheel
《Marine Ecology》2002,23(3):185-206
Abstract. Habitat characteristics associated with the giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker 1910), were studied in Prince William Sound and Port Graham, Alaska, from beach walk, SCUBA and submersible surveys at depths of 0 to 197 m. Octopus counts on beach walk transects were positively correlated with soft substrates (sand, gravel or broken rubble), the presence of boulders, and dense kelp cover immediately offshore of the transect; and negatively correlated with depth on SCUBA transects. No significant habitat correlations were found with counts on submersible transects. On beach walks, octopus counts were reduced on hard substrates to 38 % of the counts on soft substrates. Counts increased five‐fold in the presence of boulders over counts in their absence, and increased fifteen‐fold adjacent to dense (> 75 %) kelp cover over counts adjacent to sparse (< 25 %) kelp cover. On SCUBA transects, the average density at less than 5 m depth was over five times that below 5 m. No trends in octopus size or sex ratio were detected with depth. Den use was inversely correlated with depth although there was no indication that den availability declined with depth. Octopuses were found at densities from 0 to 2.5 per 1000 m2. These densities were only 1 to 50 % of densities of the same species recorded in British Columbia in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Few data are available to test recruitment, mortality, and habitat selection hypotheses that would account for differences between habitats. However, the presence of the highest octopus densities in intertidal and very shallow subtidal areas indicates the likely importance of near‐shore, shallow‐water habitats, and highlights the vulnerability of octopus populations to changes in these habitats. 相似文献
986.
Seasonal dynamics, environmental preferences and habitat selection of John Dory (Zeus faber) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C.D. Maravelias E.V. Tsitsika C. Papaconstantinou 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,72(4):703-710
Spatial distribution patterns of John Dory (Zeus faber, L.) were examined in relation to sea bottom temperature, bathymetry, locational covariates and season. Data were collected during a 2-year period (1996–1997) of seasonal sampling using demersal trawl surveys in the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). The ecological preferences of the species throughout four seasons were elucidated and the degree in which these environmental relationships might be modulated by the different hydrographic and topographic regime was also considered. Key determinants of the species' spatial aggregation in all four seasons were the water depth, the sea bottom temperature and the latitude. The sea bottom temperature had a significant effect on seasonal John Dory abundance both directly, as a main effect, and indirectly, through its interactive effect with the water depth. John Dory seasonal abundance was consistently greater in the shallower regions of the area having warmer bottom waters. Results indicated a distinct southward shift as progressing through the year, with peak abundances being observed in gradually lower latitudes of shallow areas as seasons evolved. John Dory appeared to avoid the deeper waters regardless of their bottom temperature and geographic position. The present results also suggested a seasonal pattern of habitat associations for specific locations characterised by weak hydrographic activity. John Dory preferences for certain water depth zones, sea bottom temperatures and substrate types are hypothesized to modulate the seasonal spatial aggregation of the species to preferred grounds. 相似文献
987.
988.
989.
Jonathan M. Abell Paul van Dam-Bates Deniz Özkundakci David P. Hamilton 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2020,54(4):636-657
ABSTRACT Knowledge of trophic status is fundamental to understanding the condition and function of lake ecosystems. We developed regression models to predict chlorophyll a concentrations (chl a) in New Zealand lakes for reference and current states, based on an existing dataset of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations for 1031 lakes. Models were then developed to predict Secchi depth based on chl a and a sediment resuspension term applicable to shallow lakes. Estimates of all four Trophic Level Index (TLI) variables (chl a, TN, TP and Secchi depth) were analysed to estimate reference and current state TLI for the nationally representative sample of 1031 lakes. There was a trend of eutrophication between reference and current states, with systematic differences among lake geomorphic types. Mean chl a increased 3.5-fold (2.42?mg?m?3 vs. 8.32?mg?m?3) and mean Secchi depth decreased (indicating lower clarity) by approximately one-third (9.62?m vs. 6.48?m) between reference and current states. On average, TLI increased by 0.67, with the TLI increase >1 in approximately one-third (31%) of lakes. This study informs the status of lake ecosystems in NZ and provides benchmarks to guide management and assessment. 相似文献
990.
Based on the high order nonlinear and dispersive wave equation with a dissipalive term, a numerical model for nonlinear waves is developed. It is suitable to calculate wave propagation in water areas with an arbitrarily varying bottom slope and a relative depth h/ L0≤ 1. By the application of the completely implicit slagger grid and central difference algorithm, discrete governing equations are obtained. Although the central difference algorithm of second-order accuracy both in time and space domains is used to yield the difference equations, the order of truncation error in the difference equation is the same as that of the third-order derivatives of the Boussinesq equation. In this paper, the correction to the first-order derivative is made, and the accuracy of the difference equation is improved. The verifications of accuracy show that the results of the numerical model are in good agreement with those of analytical solutions and physical models. 相似文献