用接收函数方法研究中国及邻区上地幔间断面的埋藏深度

使用中国及邻区的18个数字化地震台的宽频带三分向远震记录图,筛选计算得到了263条径向接收函数,并拾取了在41Okm和660km间断面上的透射转换震相P4S、P660S与P波的到时差.通过调整各台站之下的速度模型中这两个间断面的深度,使理论接收函数的P4S、P660S与P波的到时差与观测值相符,最终确定这两个间断面的实际埋藏深度.结果表明,各台站之下4km间断面的平均深度为403km,具有明显的横向不均匀性和区域性,其中北京台、西安台、兰州台和恩施台等的埋藏深度较浅,琼中台、CHTO等台较深.660km间断面的平均埋藏深度为663km,也存在明显的横向不均匀性,其中牡丹江台和MAJO台的较深,琼中台和HYB台的较浅.     

适于窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法

用小孔径波动方程叠前深度偏移完成大面积数据的成像，不仅总的计算量较大，而且成像畸变较严重。为了进行大孔径波动方程叠前深度偏移，必须将实际的小孔径资料合成大孔径资料，并解决大孔径资料的成像方法。AMO等合成孔径方法，数据合成方式简单，但成像方法是近似的且较复杂。面炮方法从理论上讲数据合成方法较简单，成像方法是精确的且较简单，但其应用适用于远道振幅比近道弱很多的情况。在窄线三维地震资料情况，其联络测线方向不易满足面炮应用条件。针对这种情况，本文将最小二乘原理应用于波场成像，提出适用窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法。为了解三维波动方程叠前深度偏移的面炮方法解决复杂油气藏的可行性、所需计算资源和成像效果，我们利用大庆SW地区三维地震资料进行了实验研究。通过研究，我们获得了面炮方法的实际效果，获得了所需计算资源的测试数据。对实际效果的分析对比表明，面炮方法是一种三维波动方程叠前深度偏移的快速方法，有较好应用前景。     

三维叠前深度偏移的准三维算法研究

介绍了目前叠前偏移方法的研究状况，引入准三维算法的概念并对其进行了讨论，同时对共方位角偏移算子作了详细的介绍，最后，给出了运用共方位角偏移算子在实际中的应用结果，认为共方位角方法具有运算速度快，适应范围大的优点，有较好的研究开发前景。     

OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES ON SAND-DUST STORM IN HELAN MOUNTAINOUS AREA

According to the observation of the number and mass concentration spectra of atmosphericaerosols,the total suspended particulates (TSP) and their size distribution,micrometeorology,and the solar spectroscopic radiation,even neutron activation treatment of sand dust samples inHelan Mountainous area.the formation law of floating dust,blowing sand and sandstorm weatherand the characteristics of climatic variation in this area and the influence of the Helan Mountain arecounted and analyzed.In addition,the spectrum characteristics,optical depth and chemicalcomposition of sand aerosol particles are also analyzed and discussed.     

VARIATION OF WATER DEPTH AND MANNING''''S ROUGHNESS n DUE TO RIVER MEANDERING IN SUBCRITICAL FLOW REGIME

I INTRODUCTIONThe flow in a channel will be retarded by several factors, including surface roughness, vegetation,channel irregUlarity, channel alignment, and obstrUctions. The surface roughness is often only consideredin selecting the roughness coefficient, such as Manning's n. However, in case of a meandering channel,the channe1 alignment is sometimes more dominant than the surface roughness. The meandering ofnatural streams may increase the Manning's n as high as 30% (Chow, l969). Sc…     

陕西省莫霍面特征

依据陕西省最新1／50万区域重力资料，采用不同场的不同计算方法，发现陕西省莫霍面的埋深，自东向西由浅变深，南北向上为南北浅中部深。     

电偶源频率电磁测深二维层状模型参数化反演

本文在大地电磁测深松弛（ｒａｐｉｄ）反演理论方法的基础上，探讨了电偶源频率电磁测深（赤道装置）阻抗视电阻率的二维反演问题。由二维层状模型反演目标函数的近似简化出发。将全剖面的二维反演约化为沿剖面各测点的逐一测点一维反演，从而构制了一个简易可行的二维层状模型参数化反演方案。反演试验表明，这一反演方法是实用和有效的     

随钻测量电磁传输信道研究

文中讨论了地球物理勘探中的随钻测量电磁传输信道激励方式及物理模型；应用改进的等效传输线法与电极法,研究了影响地面电极检测电压的信道参数,给出了随钻电磁信道最人可测深度与地层电阻率、工作频率及井场干扰噪声的关系.与实测数据比较表明,所用理论模型能较好地预测随钻电磁信道的主要特性.     

确定震源深度的PTD方法及其应用

根据对不同台站间初至到时作变换后的时差来计算地震的深度，利用该方法计算了华东地区１８２￣１９９２年底能定出深度的地震，并作了相应的误差分析，按中国分区速度结构，编制出各区的深度－走时差表，并举例说明该表的用法。     

EFFECT OF DUNE MIGRATION ON SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS

This paper examines the effect of dune migration on local scour around bridge piers. Experiments show that local scour depths fluctuate in response to the translation of dunes past the scour hole. The scour depths measured in a model study conducted in live-bed conditions contain both scour due to the pier and that due to dunes. The con' tribution from scour due to the dunes may form a significant fraction of the total scour depth measured in model investigations. Therefore, it is imperative to separate these two components of scour for analysis and comparison. The study proposes that an equilibrium or time-average scour depth normalized using pier diameter be used for analysis, and the contribution from dunes to the total scour depth be added independently. Dune size, in the absence of field or measured data, may be estimated using published predictive curves. Comparisons between computed and measured scour depths show a good correlation, and 90% of all the data tested fall within a scatter of 15%.