不同约束方式下膨胀套管的旋转膨胀有限元分析

基于LS-DYNA动态有限元分析,建立了旋转拟合方式的膨胀套管模型,并模拟了整个膨胀过程。通过对套管不同约束方式的模拟结果分析发现,旋转拟合膨胀所需膨胀力为实心锥反拉膨胀的1/5左右,在不同约束方式下膨胀套管轴向长度的变化规律也不同：上约束方式下,套管长度先略有减少后稳定增加;下约束方式下,轴向长度一直减少。该规律通过对Φ95 mm套管的实际旋转膨胀试验得到验证,证明了模拟情况的可信性。     

Geomechanical characterisation of rock masses in Alpine regions: the Basque Arc (Basque-Cantabrian basin, Northern Spain)

The geomechanical characterisation of rock masses in Alpine regions is one of the main challenges currently facing rock mechanics. These rock masses, made up of very different materials and frequently tectonically disturbed, are affected by engineering works, giving rise to potentially important problems. Thus, in the Basque Country, these materials are at the cause of important fatalities occurring in recent years. In this context, we aim at characterising these materials with the ultimate purpose of predicting their behaviour. The characterisation is initially approached based on the GSI, m_i and σ_ci parameters, following the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. This information is supplemented with field and laboratory measurements, and by obtaining the RQD and RMR indices. Using the information obtained from 99 metering stations, we develop a graphic classification procedure, which allows us to distinguish materials based on their characteristics, behaviour, type and degree of associated problems, and type and effectiveness of solutions provided. Eight classes of material are established.     

基于Winkler模型的有效桩长研究

有效桩长的定义有基于承载力角度和沉降角度两种方法,由于影响因素的多样性,有效桩长的研究比较复杂。运用桩顶刚度控制法确定有效桩长。基于Winkler地基模型,以荷载传递法为工具,推导出双层土的桩顶刚度计算公式,并对有效桩长影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,桩径的增大有效桩长增加;土层刚度比(第二层土刚度与第一层土刚度之比)增大有效桩长减小;桩端刚度的增大对有效桩长的影响都不明显,第一土层厚度的增加在一定范围内对提高有效桩长是有用的     

黄土化学改良试验研究

黄土的化学改良是黄土工程地基处理研究领域中的重要课题之一,开展这方面的研究对于治理黄土地基基础工程,从根本上解决黄土危害具有重要的理论价值和较好的工程应用前景。在我国西北、华北地区,经常要碰到填筑路基、渠道和边坡等黄土工程,由于黄土及重塑黄土具有许多特殊的物理力学性能,必须经过改良处理后才可应用。为了探讨化学材料对黄土特性的影响,本文以山西太原黄土为对象,通过掺加新型高分子土固化材料SH和水泥进行化学改良,就改良土试样进行抗压强度、直接剪切和渗透试验等分析研究。研究结果表明:SH和水泥均能改变黄土的工程性质。黄土加固后强度指标,抗渗性优于黄土本身。固化黄土的强度特性和渗透性能受固化材料掺量、密度和龄期的影响明显。随着掺量增加,密度增大和养护时间的延长,抗压强度提高,抗剪强度增强,渗透系数减小。考虑到大掺量会超过经济限度,建议两者较适宜掺量控制在10%左右。SH 为水溶性液体固化材料,固含量较少,成本较低,但固化后强度较大,渗透性小,浸水不崩解,化学改良效果优于水泥,实际应用时可根据具体情况考虑优先选用SH改良黄土。     

海上风电桩基础竖向承载力循环弱化简化分析

提出了一个考虑循环衰减作用的软黏土弹塑性损伤弱化模型,在此模型基础上建立了一个基于剪切位移法的单桩竖向承载力简化计算方法,并利用大型有限元软件进行了不同循环荷载水平下单桩竖向承载力的计算。为了证明简化方法的准确性与有效性,将计算结果与有限元计算结果进行对比,二者的吻合度较高。先期循环荷载能引起单桩竖向承载力弱化,并且弱化程度随先期循环荷载水平的增加而增加。最后将简化方法应用于某海上风电场桩基础承载力的计算中,结果表明,提出的简化方法可应用于实际工程问题的分析。     

法向刚度对土与结构接触面三维特性影响的试验研究

运用80 t大型三维接触面试验机,对不同法向刚度下粗粒土与结构接触面三维静动力学特性进行了试验研究,重点分析了法向刚度对接触面力学特性的影响规律。法向常刚度条件下,接触面在单调剪切时均先剪缩再剪胀、法向应力先减小后增大;循环剪切时接触面不可逆性剪切体变呈单调增长、可逆性剪切体变峰值逐渐减小后趋于稳定,切向应力峰值不断减小,抗剪强度逐渐减小,主应力比峰值则基本保持不变。法向刚度主要影响剪切体变、可逆性剪切体变、切向应力、主剪应力等接触面力学性能参数的大小;法向刚度越大,单调剪切时法向应力变化越大、切向应力峰值越大、剪缩和剪胀量越小;循环剪切时不可逆性剪切体变增长越慢、最终值越小,抗剪强度减小越快、达到0时对应的循环周次越少。法向刚度对剪切体变、可逆性剪切体变、主剪应力、主应力比等性能参数与切向位移的关系形式及接触面摩擦角基本没有影响。     

黄原胶和玄武岩纤维改良黄土抗压强度试验研究

为改良黄土强度低、易变形破坏的工程特性,在黄土中掺加黄原胶和玄武岩纤维,通过无侧限抗压强度试验探究黄原胶含量和玄武岩纤维加筋率及养护龄期对黄土抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明：与素土相比,分别掺加黄原胶和玄武岩纤维均能提高土体抗压强度和一定程度延性;混合掺加黄原胶和玄武岩纤维时,土体的抗压强度和延性都会提高明显。根据正交试验得到,掺加1.5%黄原胶和0.6%玄武岩纤维时,改良土体的抗压强度最大。     

A homogenization approach for evaluating the longitudinal shear stiffness of reinforced soils: column versus cross trench configuration

The macroscopic linear elastic behaviour of inclusion‐reinforced soils, regarded as periodic composite media, is investigated by means of the homogenization theory. Special attention is given here to the determination of their longitudinal shear stiffness properties, which strongly govern the reinforced ground response under lateral loading. Combining the use of analytical, variational and numerical methods, we thoroughly examined three particular engineering‐relevant configurations: single trench, column and cross trench reinforcements. Fairly accurate closed‐form expressions are thus obtained, giving the value of the reinforced soil longitudinal shear stiffness as a function of the individual components shear moduli and reinforcement volume fraction. It is shown in particular that adopting a cross trench reinforcement layout instead of the classical column configuration results in a much higher improvement of the longitudinal shear stiffness. The results are then applied to assessing the reduction of soil liquefaction risk, which can be attributed to the presence of the reinforcing inclusions. Again, they clearly demonstrate the excellent performance of the cross trench configuration as compared with the complete inefficiency of the column reinforcement technique. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Particle‐scale effects on global axial and torsional interface shear behavior

An extensive literature on the shear behavior of continuum–particulate interfaces has been developed during the last four decades. However, relatively limited work regarding the behavior of interfaces under different loading conditions has been published. This paper presents a discrete element modeling study, along with comparisons from experimental data, of interface behavior under axial and torsional drained loading conditions. Detailed studies allow for links between micro‐scale particle behavior and observed global response to be developed and for the latter to be evaluated in light of particle–particle and particle–continuum interactions. The results of this study indicate that axial and torsional interface shear induce inherently different loading conditions, as shown by the different failure envelopes, stress paths, and induced soil volume changes and deformations. Furthermore, the results presented in this paper indicate that particle‐level mechanisms, such as particle rotations and contact slippage, play different roles in axial and torsional shear. Coordination number, polar histograms, particle displacements, particle rotations, and local void ratio measurements provide further insights into the fabric evolution, loading conditions, and failure mechanisms induced by these two shear modes. This study expands the current understanding of interface behavior and discusses potential improvements to geotechnical systems that leverage the characteristics of different imposed loading conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A three‐dimensional displacement approach for analysis of laterally loaded piles in nonhomogeneous soil

An analytical approach using the three‐dimensional displacement of a soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of the horizontal response of a circular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil. The rocking stiffness coefficient of the pile shaft in homogeneous soil is derived from the analytical solution taking into account the three‐dimensional displacement represented in terms of scalar potentials in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient taking into account the rocking rotation of a rigid pile shaft. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force of a pile subjected to horizontal loads in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. The formulation of the lateral displacement and rotation of the pile base subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils is presented by taking into account Mindlin's equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. There is little difference between lateral, rocking, and couple stiffness coefficients each obtained from both the two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional methods except for the case of Poisson's ratio near 0.5. The comparison of results calculated by the current method for a pile subjected to lateral loads in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from analytical and numerical methods. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.