High resolution time series of lead and zinc in sediments of Lake Constance

Sediments in Lake Constance have been dated by radiometric methods and lamination counting. Investigations into the concentrations of lead and zinc in the sediments were carried out to get detailed information about environmental history. Maximum concentrations were found at the beginning of the 1960's. The lead maximum contamination occurred 3 years before the zinc maximum and has an unidentified source. The use of coal, leaded gasoline or the remobilization within the sediment could be excluded to result in the lead maximum. The fluctuations in zinc contamination could be explained with increasing and decreasing pollution (industry, coal burning, building of sewage plants). The greatest fluctuations of both metals occur during periods of great change in the economic history of Germany.     

Lead analysis of sediment cores from seven Connecticut lakes

Lead analyses were performed on sediment cores from seven Connecticut lakes by dilute acid leaching. The absolute concentrations of lead varied from core to core, but the lead profiles were similar in all of the cores, and each depicted a point where the concentration of lead sharply increased above background levels. The background lead concentrations observed in the bottom portions of the cores ranged from 12-54 g Pb/g sediment with a mean of 30 g Pb/g, and increased to a mean maximum of 310 g Pb/g. In six of the lakes significant increases above background levels were not noted until between 1924 and 1952, suggesting that, at least for Connecticut lakes, the point in a lake sediment core where the concentration of lead began to increase was after ca. 1924, and on average about 1930. Lead concentrations declined in the surface sediments of only three of the lakes, mostly since the 1980's, and presumably in response to the phasing out of leaded gasoline. However, significant declines in lead concentrations were not observed in the remaining cores, possibly due to increased motor vehicle use within the airshed of the lakes and/or changes in the export of lead to the lakes from their watersheds.     

小块体重的多元线性回归方程在锡铁山铅锌矿床储量计算中的应用

从锡铁山铅锌矿床小块体重样品原始测定数据入手，运用数学地质中的回归分析，建立了本矿床的小块体重多元线性回归方程，为矿床储量计算提供了科学参数。利用回归方程法计算小块体重进而可以推广到所有贱金属矿床的储量计算中。     

新疆乌恰县乌拉根铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征及其成因探讨

在研究矿床的地质地球化学特征的基础上,对矿床成因进行了初步探讨,认为乌拉根铅锌矿床是产于中新生代盆地中的热卤水沉积铅锌矿床.其矿质来源主要是由热卤水溶液从深部带至沉积盆地,控制盆地生成和发展的同生断裂为矿液运移提供了通道,稳定下沉的次生盆地提供了良好的矿质沉积环境.     

黔西北猫猫厂-榨子厂铅锌矿区地质特征及找矿方向

猫猫厂铅锌矿系黔西北铅锌银矿集区主要矿床之一，产于NW向与NE向构造交切复合部位，赋矿地层主要为石炭系白云岩、白云质灰岩。通过对矿床地质特征的总结及与邻区典型矿床类比分析，认为深部找矿潜力大，应加大找矿力度。     

土壤中铅铜锌镉的吸附特性

以徐州王庄矿（WZK）、奎河（KH）、背景-1（BG-1）和背景-2（BG-2）等4个土壤样品为供试对象，加入不同浓度梯度的铅、铜、锌、镉离子，通过静态实验研究了铅、铜、锌、镉的吸附特性。结果表明，土壤对4个重金属的吸附量与加入到土壤中的重金属离子浓度呈正相关性，它们之间大部分满足线性相关关系。在4个土壤样品中加入铅、铜、锌、镉离子的初始浓度比为10：10：10：1时，平衡浓度为Czn〉Ccu〉CPh〉Ccd，吸附量为Scd〉SPh〉Scu〉Szn，4个土壤样品对铅、铜、锌、镉离子的吸附能力依次为WZK〉KH〉BG-2〉BG-1。在所选实验条件下，土壤对铅、铜、锌、镉的吸附能力受土壤中铅、铜、锌、镉的含量、土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量、土壤饱和含水量和土壤的pH值影响较大。     

关于西北开发中的几个水资源问题

分析了西北水资源的特点,就生态环境用水、生态环境治理以及植树造林与沙漠治理等西部开发中的突出问题提出了一些认识。指出:西北开发必须以水为度,充分考虑区域水资源的承载能力;保护和改善西北地区生态环境的基本途径是偿还已被人类逐步夺占而本该属于自然生态系统的那一部分水源。     

Four thousand years of atmospheric lead pollution in northern Europe: a summary from Swedish lake sediments

This paper presents a large palaeolimnological study of the pre-industrial and industrial history of atmospheric lead pollution deposition in Sweden. Both lead concentrations and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios have been analysed in 31 lakes covering most of Sweden, plus one lake in north-west Russia. Four of the lakes have varved (annually-laminated) sediments. Isotope analysis is a sensitive and effective method to distinguish pollution lead from natural catchment lead and to detect early pollution influence, because the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratio in unpolluted background sediments in Sweden was > 1.3, while that of lead from pollution, derived from ores and coal, was < 1.2. The sediments show a consistent picture of past temporal changes in atmospheric lead pollution. These changes include: the first traces of pollution 3,500-3,000 yrs ago; a pollution peak in Greek-Roman Times (about 0 AD); lower lead fall-out between 400 and 900 AD; a significant and permanent increase in atmospheric lead fall-out from about 1000 AD; an increase with the Industrial revolution; a major increase following World War II; the maximum peak in the 1970s; and decreasing fall-out over the last decades. The four varved sediments provide high-resolution records of atmospheric pollution. They reveal pollution peaks about 1200 and 1530 AD which match the history of metal production in Europe. According to the varve records the lead pollution level in the late 1990s had decreased beneath the level of the 1530s. The pollution level 1200 AD was about 35% of the 1980s, when lead pollution was still near its all time high. About 50% of the total accumulated atmospheric lead pollution deposition through time was deposited in the pre-industrial period. The sediments also show a consistent picture of the geographic distribution of atmospheric lead deposition over time, with higher deposition in south Sweden and declining levels to the north, which supports the hypothesis that the main sources of pre-industrial atmospheric lead pollution in Sweden were cultural areas in mainland Europe and Great Britain.     

高峰100号矿体硫、铅同位素特征

10 0号矿体的成矿物理化学环境为 :成矿温度 30 0± 30℃ ;成矿压力为 84.2× 10 5Pa ;LogfO2 =- 30 .4～- 35 .6 ,LogfCO2 =- 2 .5 5～ +0 .36 ,LogfS2 =- 8.3～ - 11.0 ,pH =4.2～ 4.9。同位素的分析结果 :硫化物的硫同位素为 6 4‰～ 12 .3‰ ,δ3 4 SΣS 值为 6 6～ 13 8;2 0 6Pb 2 0 4Pb值为 17 4 91～ 18 96 0 ,2 0 7Pb 2 0 4Pb值为 15 5 39～15 940 ,2 0 8Pb 2 0 4Pb值为 37 95 7～ 39 4 90。表明 10 0号矿体的硫源是混合硫 ,铅源是两种异常铅混合的结果。     

酸性土壤中20种元素有效态浸提体系浅析

通过对酸性土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cd、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Si、P、S、Mo、F、Se、As、Hg20种元素有效态的浸提与测定，拟定了一个操作条件宽松、质量稳定，能满足区域调查需要的浸提体系和分析方案。该分析配套方案对20种元素的检出限在（0.0001～4.9）×10