中国新生代准造山运动

新生代地质时期如同前期地质时期一样,同样发生过造山运动,由于地质历史时期的短暂或运动正在发展过程之中,其强烈程度显示较差,往往不被人们所注意。但是,只要中研究中国大小山川构造地貌发展过程,不难看出新徨代时期,特别是第四纪地质时期是造成璀构造地貌形态的主要时期,或者是说最新造山运动时期。本文主要涉及陆内区的准造山运动。     

海洋沉积物中氮的形态及其生态学意义

海洋沉积物作为生源要素氮的重要源与汇，在其生物地球化学循环中起着至关重要的作用。该项研究旨在查清海洋沉积物中氮的存在形态及其生态学意义。氮是生物生命活动必需的营养要素，海洋中的氮往往是海洋初级生产力的限制因子，氮的吸收与再生释放在估算海洋新生产力和生源要素的生物地球化学循环率上也有重要贡献。海洋沉积物中的氮作为海水中氮的重要供给源是海洋生物赖以生存的重要物质基础，对维持海洋生态平衡、修复失衡的海洋生态环境具有重要意义。但由于不同海区海洋沉积物的来源和环境不同，氮的形态和含量亦不相同，可被生物吸收和利用的数量就不相同，因此造成了不同海区生物种群和环境不同，进而影响生态环境。因此，研究海洋沉积物中氮的形态，了解各个形态与沉积物中生物种群及与环境的关系，确定其生物和化学活性，査清氮不同形态的生态学功能，对于深入探讨海洋生物资源可持续利用的方法和策略具有重要意义。本文主要阐述海洋沉积物中氮的存在形式与分布、氮的早期成岩和去营养化作用、硝化和反硝化作用以及氮与生物特定种群的关系等，探讨了影响海洋沉积物中的氮循环的主要因素，并分析了海洋沉积物中的氮与生态系的关系，以期对研究氮的海洋生物地球化学过程有所帮助。     

黄河口及邻近海域表层沉积物中锌的研究

作者于1984年夏季测定了黄河口及邻近海域表层沉积物中Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu及有机质的含量。结果表明:河口及近岸海域表层沉积物中Zn含量较高Zn与有机质、Fe、Mn、中值粒径呈正相关,相关系数为: γ_(Zn-Org)=0.704 γ_(Zn-Fe)=0.858 γ_(Zn-Mn)=0.802 γ_(Zn-Mdφ)=0.906 本文提出表层沉积物中Zn的地球化学形式、含量及其分布。在调查区表层沉积物中总锌平均含量为80.47mg/kg,其中可交换部分为0.48％,碳酸盐结合部分占5.16％,铁—锰氧化物结合部分占15.5％,有机物结合部分占9.15％,残渣部分为69.3％。     

Meso-scale available gravitational potential in the world oceans

The pitfalls of applying the commonly used definition of available gravitational potential energy （AGPE） to the world oceans are re-examined. It is proposed that such definition should apply to the meso-scale problems in the oceans, not the global scale. Based on WOA98 climatological data, the meso-scale AGPE in the world oceans is estimated. Unlike previous results by Oort et al. , the meso-scale AGPE is large wherever there is a strong horizontal density gradient. The distribution of meso-scale AGPE reveals the close connection between the baroclinic instability and the release of gravitational potential energy stored within the scale of Rossby deformation radius.     

Fluxes of iron and manganese across the sediment–water interface under various redox conditions

Fluxes of dissolved forms of iron and manganese across the sediment–water interface were studied in situ in the Gulf of Finland and the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea), and in the Golubaya Bay (Black Sea) from 2001 to 2005. Fluxes were measured using chamber incubations, and sediment cores were collected and sliced to assess the porewater and solid phase metal distribution at different depths. Measured and calculated benthic fluxes of manganese and iron were directed out of sediment for all sites and were found to vary between 70–4450 and 5–1000 µmole m^− 2 day^− 1 for manganese and iron, respectively. The behavior of the studied metals at various redox conditions in the near-bottom water and in the sediment was the main focus in this study. Our results show the importance of bottom water redox conditions for iron fluxes. We measured no fluxes at oxic conditions, intermediate fluxes at anoxic conditions (up to 200 μmole m^− 2 day^− 1) and high fluxes at suboxic conditions (up to 1000 μmole m^− 2 day^− 1). Total dissolved iron fluxes were generally dominated by iron(II). Contribution of iron(III) to the total iron flux did not exceed 20%. Obtained fluxes of manganese at all studied regions showed a linear correlation (r² = 0.97) to its concentration in the porewater of the top sediment layer (0–5 mm) and did not depend on dissolved oxygen concentrations of bottom water. Organically complexed iron and manganese were in most cases not involved in the benthic exchange processes.     

Biogeography, Taxonomical Status and Ecology of Alcyonium (Parerythropodium) coralloides (PALLAS, 1766)

Abstract. Ecology and morphology of Alcyonium (Parerythropodium) coralloides were studied in different sites of the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The species is extremely variable in size, colony shape and colour. In the Mediterranean population, encrusting red colonies are mostly encountered, although lobate colonies also exist. White and pink colonies are considered mutants, which tolerate the stable environment of deeper habitats better than the conditions encountered in shallow biotopes. Mediterranean colonies are dioecious and reproduce sexually. In the Eastern Atlantic, lobate pink colonies are the most common form, and show little variability. These (at least partly) parthenogenic populations are considered offspring from stray larvae from more southern regions. This explains the rather patchy distribution of the Atlantic populations, as compared to the widespread distribution throughout the entire Western Basin of the Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea. A study of the most important systematic characters of the species (growth form, sclerites and solenial network) leads to the conclusion that coralloides belongs to the genus Alcyonium. As a result, coralloides being its type-species, the genus Parerythropodium will have to be suppressed.     

Overall stability performance of alternative hull forms

In this paper, two alternative corvette hull forms namely, the round bottom and deep V have been comparatively analyzed in terms of intact and damaged stability and roll performance in beam waves. The boat is planned to operate in the Navy's coastal water missions. Even though both forms are considered to comply with the design requirements, slight differences in displacement and principal dimensions are found to be inevitable due to the intrinsic characteristics of the specific forms. First part of the study concentrated on determining the conventional intact and damaged stability qualities whereas the second part was devoted to nonlinear rolling behavior of the vessels in synchronous beam waves. Nonlinear rolling amplitudes are thought to be quite important especially for resonance condition since they tend to peak in capsize conditions. Various combinations of loading conditions and damaged cases are taken into account to analyze the effects of them. Comparative results are presented graphically depicting the advantages/disadvantages of the selected forms over each other.     

1988年闽北地区“5.21”暴雨的中、小尺度特征

本文利用“5.21”福建闽北特大暴雨过程中获得大量加密资料,较深入地分析了暴雨过程中、小尺度特征.给出不同尺度、不同物理特性的中小尺度系统(云团)相互作用,生消、发展、组合过程,以及武夷山脉的复杂地形在该过程中所起的重要作用.显示出在一定环境流场下,由中小尺度天气系统活动导致出现的天气变化密集的低纬山区形成持续性特大暴雨的重要特色.     

浙江省瑞安市耕作层土壤养分元素有效态含量空间变异特征及其影响因素

综合采用地统计学、GIS和传统统计分析方法,研究了瑞安市耕作层土壤9种养分元素有效态含量空间变异特征及其影响因素。结果显示,研究区耕作层土壤碱解氮呈西高东低的分布趋势,速效钾、有效硼、有效锰、有效钼、有效铜和有效锌呈西低东高的分布趋势,有效磷呈东西高、中间低的分布趋势,有效铁分布均匀;研究区中西部耕作层有效硼较缺乏,东部碱解氮较缺乏,中部有效磷较缺乏,其他地区9种养分元素有效态含量均达到中等以上;半方差函数分析显示有效锰和有效铁为强空间相关性,碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷、有效钼、有效铜和有效锌为中等空间相关性,有效硼为弱空间相关性。研究认为,中性或是弱碱性、含盐量较高且阳离子较活跃的土壤环境有利于速效钾和有效硼富集,酸性或弱酸性和有机质含量较高的土壤有利于碱解氮和有效铁富集;速效钾、有效钼、有效硼、有效铜和有效锌含量的控制因素相似,主要受成土母质、土壤类型以及地形地貌等结构性因素和施肥、耕作等随机性因素的双重影响,而碱解氮、有效铁、有效磷和有效锰的含量分布主要受成土母质、土壤类型以及地形地貌等结构性因素的影响。