地下水动态监测数据库自动录入研究

地下水动态监测数据库数据录入是一项繁重的工作,原来采用的人工手动录入的方法效率低且易出错。该文通过VBA编程实现了数据的自动录入,极大地提高了工作效率,降低了出错率。     

干旱区一次锋面过境短时暴雨中尺度系统分析

利用加密自动站、卫星云图及雷达图像等资料,对2010年6月7日白天到夜间宁夏中北部地区出现的短时暴雨天气成因及中尺度系统演变进行分析。结果表明,此次短时暴雨是在“东高西低”稳定的环流形势和锋面过境背景下,500 hPa西风槽,700 hPa切变线、低涡、低空急流,850 hPa切变线,地面冷锋等主要影响系统相互配合、共同作用下发生的;大降水落区位于低空急流左侧与切变线尾部的辐合区,这可作为宁夏中尺度暴雨天气系统的一种典型特征;逆风区的出现和S型风场、锋面过境雷达图像特征是此次强降水典型的雷达回波特征,逆风区分布与中尺度系统走向基本一致。     

月表撞击坑自动识别与提取的新方法及其应用

月表撞击坑是月球最显著的地质构造特征。随着不同月球探测器探测数据的丰富与数据质量的提高,月表地质信息挖掘成为月球科学领域重要的研究内容。月表分布广泛的撞击事件的撞击机理研究和月表地质单元的地质年龄的判定等科学问题都离不开对撞击坑的研究。因此,对撞击坑进行识别和特征参数提取是挖掘以上月表地质隐含信息的基础和关键。针对目前用于撞击坑识别和特征参数提取的方法存在效率低下、应用范围有限等种种缺陷,提出了一种新的月表环形构造识别和特征参数提取方法,并且实现了定量自动化处理。首先,根据撞击坑环形构造特征,利用坡度指数提取坑壁多边形矢量要素;其次,提出并采用环形构造最小外包矩形法提取撞击坑的伪中心与伪直径;然后,以伪中心为中心点向外搜寻并确定撞击坑坑缘顶点;最后,利用三点定圆法确定撞击坑的中心位置和直径大小。以嫦娥一号CCD相机影像数据和利用CCD立体相机制作的DEM数据为数据源,选取不同区域、不同类型的月表撞击坑进行试验,并将计算结果与目前研究成果进行对比。结果验证表明,此方法可以推广到月表其他表面,并可应用于月表撞击坑形成机理研究和利用撞击坑大小频率分布测量的方法确定月表地质单元的地质年龄工作中。     

Anomalous CO2 content in the Gallicano thermo-mineral spring (Serchio Valley,Italy) before the 21 June 2013, Alpi Apuane earthquake (M = 5.2)

Since late 2002, a continuous automatic monitoring network is operating in Tuscany, Central Italy, to investigate the geochemical response of selected aquifers to local seismic activity. The monitoring is aimed at identifying possible earthquake geochemical precursors. The network is currently constituted by six stations, all equipped with sensors for the measurement of temperature, pH, redox potential, electrical conductivity, CO₂ and CH₄ dissolved concentration, that have been installed in the areas of highest seismic risk of the region. By combining geochemical data gathered from the automatic station of Gallicano (Garfagnana, Northern Tuscany), and obtained via chemical analyses of spring water samples collected during periodic field surveys in the area surrounding this station, the most significant aspects of the deep fluid circulation paths feeding the Gallicano thermo-mineral system have been investigated, and the geochemical baseline of the Gallicano spring defined. The CO₂ continuous signal recorded by the Gallicano automatic station has been then processed over the period 2003–2013 in the search for anomalies possibly related to local seismic activity. A substantial anomaly in CO₂ content has been observed at Gallicano in conjunction with the Alpi Apuane earthquake (M = 5.2) of 21 June 2013.     

Identifying subsoil sediment sources with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios

Increased sediment loads from accelerated catchment erosion significantly degrade waterways worldwide. In the South East Queensland region of Australia, sediment loads are degrading Moreton Bay, a Ramsar listed wetland of international significance. In this region, like most parts of coastal Australia, sediment is predominantly derived from gully and channel bank erosion processes. A novel approach is presented that uses carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and elemental composition to discriminate between these often indistinguishable subsoil sediment sources. The conservativeness of these sediment properties is first tested by examining the effect of particle size separation (testing for consistency during transport) and the effect of sampling at different times (testing for temporal source consistency). The discrimination potential of these sediment properties is then assessed with the conservative properties, based on the particle size and temporal analyses, modelled to determine sediment provenance in three catchments. Nitrogen sediment properties were found to have significant particle size enrichment and high temporal variance indicative of non‐conservative behaviour. Conversely, carbon stable isotopes had very limited particle size and temporal variability highlighting their suitability for sediment tracing. Channel erosion was modelled to be a significant source of sediment (μ 51%, σ 9%) contrasting desktop modelling research that estimated gully erosion is the predominant sediment source. To limit the supply of sediment to Moreton Bay, channel bank and gully erosion must both be targeted by sediment management programs. By distinguishing between subsoil sediment sources, this approach has the potential to enhance the management of sediment loads degrading waterways worldwide. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市电子地图多尺度自动缩编方法

随着智慧城市、地理信息公共服务及地理国情数据等政务信息逐步公开,作为各类政务信息发布基础的城市电子地图在多尺度展现时,只能通过关闭、选取要素来实现,这种未进行制图综合的做法导致要素在逐级放大过程中,会出现跳跃性丢失和细节破碎的现象,既不符合地图表达要求也难以满足用户视觉体验。本文提出了一源数据多尺度自动缩编的技术方法,构建了最优化的"统一源头、一致派生、无级表达"技术体系,实现了城市电子地图联动更新和多尺度展现,节省了大量人力和物力,为最大限度地发挥测绘地理信息集成与服务能力提供保障。     

中国大陆地区强震的逆向追踪方法研究

强震发生前, 震源附近的地震活动往往会呈现出一些空间和时间的异常特征, 分析和提取这些异常特征的方法较多。 本文采用了与常规强震预测方法迥异的地震预测方法地震活动反向追踪法(Reverse Tracing of Precursors, RTP), 对中国大陆近30年来的几个M_S≥7.5大震(含2008年5月12日汶川M_S8.0地震)进行了探索性的回溯研究。 结果表明, 该方法在中国大陆大震预测方面有一定的适用性, 并利用该方法对中国大陆地区的未来强震活动做了一定的预测。     

应用化学示踪技术探查深部岩溶发育特征研究

基于岩溶发育的基本特征与化学示踪剂在岩溶含水介质中的运移扩散规律,提出了 几种常见的示踪剂浓度分布曲线类型,并研究了它们与岩溶含水介质结构之间的对应关系。 在此基础上,为了检验化学示踪技术探查岩溶发育特征的有效性和实用性,以山东丘集煤矿 为例,通过地面钻孔投放示踪剂,利用井下放水孔作为示踪接收点,研究了煤层下伏奥陶系 灰岩含水层隐伏岩溶的发育特征与分布规律。试验结果表明,煤矿区深部奥陶系灰岩强岩溶发育带呈现出由西北分别向东和向东南延伸的“人字”型分布规律,矿区其它区域则以相对均匀的裂隙溶隙弱岩溶发育特征为主。通过与已有水文资料对比,矿区岩溶的发育与分布与奥陶灰岩含水层钻孔涌水量大小及其分布相吻合,从而验证了该技术的实用性和有效性。      

元启发式搜索策略在构造模糊分类系统中的应用

论述了使用模拟退火元启发式搜索策略构造模糊分类系统的过程,目的是利用模拟退火原理研制一种精确的模糊分类器,改善与分类问题有关的搜索空间探索与发掘的性能,找到模糊if-then规则的优化集。算法可以从输入数据集中抽取精确的模糊分类规则,并在若干不同预定义类中将其应用于对新数据实例的分类。     

VP宽频带倾斜仪现场自动校准装置设计

为了对VP宽频带倾斜仪进行现场校准,设计了一款基于单片机AT89C51的新型现场自动校准装置。经验证该装置在+8V激励电压情况下与高精度激光干涉仪结合使用,其校准相对误差为0.36%,满足小于1%的校准相对误差要求。