指挥自动化系统中的基础地理数据与数据集成

根据指挥自动化系统涉及专题信息种类多、来源广、对数据装载和更新实效性要求高等特点, 讨论了基础地理数据在数据集成中的作用和地位, 系统数据的主要保障形式,以及自动建立不同类信息间相关关系的必要性。     

固体矿产钻探技术的现状和展望

分析了国际钻探市场现状以及固体矿产钻探技术的进展,归纳总结了近１０年来我国固体矿产钻探技术的主要进展,并对发展我国固体太科钻探技术提出了建议。     

AIS系统在海洋遥感卫星的应用与设计优化

目前国际和国内已普遍采用星载船舶自动识别系统（Automatic Identification System,AIS）接收系统提升针对全球船只信息的采集和监测能力。本文主要介绍了国内外星载AIS系统发展的主要进展及取得的成果,重点针对目前星载AIS系统存在的近海船只密集区域信号碰撞导致检测概率降低的技术问题,通过建模仿真找到具体原因,给出后续AIS星载载荷针对此问题在设计和应用上的优化建议。本文可作为后续星载AIS系统设计的参考。     

STA/LTA—AIC算法对地震P波震相拾取稳定性影响

选取区域地震台网记录的地震波形数据,使用STA/LTA算法与STA/LTA—AIC算法,进行地震P波震相初至到时自动拾取,对地方震及震中距较大的震相进行P波震相拾取效果分析,发现:STA/LTA算法对于地方震P波震相识别精度较高,与STA/LTA—AIC算法拾取的P波震相初至到时相差不大;震中距变大后,STA/LTA算法对P波拾取位置相对于最佳位置向后延迟,STA/LTA—AIC算法有效矫正了STA/LTA算法拾取位置的延迟问题,与人工拾取位置差别可忽略不计。     

单晶高温合金X射线衍射斑点自动识别算法研究

单晶高温合金展现出优越的抗疲劳性能和高温蠕变性能,广泛应用于航空发动机和燃气轮机的热端部件。但是,其制备过程中会产生晶体取向偏离、杂晶等缺陷。目前国际上已经普遍使用X射线劳埃衍射技术对单晶叶片的晶体缺陷进行无损检测,但是这种检测方法主要依赖人工识别,效率低,结果可重复性差,不适合批量化检测。本文结合工程需要,提出对劳埃衍射斑点进行自动识别的算法,主要包括衍射图样的预处理、轮廓检测、轮廓形态筛选及轮廓符合检测等。该算法能够自动检测出衍射图样上的衍射斑点,并最终给出斑点的位置坐标数据及其误差。根据衍射斑点的位置,通过衍射分析算法,计算出单晶叶片上的晶体取向,并最终对叶片的晶体缺陷给出综合评价。      

三维复杂地壳结构非线性走时反演

中国大陆中西部乃至全球造山带普遍具有复杂地壳结构.随着矿产资源勘探和深部探测研究的深入,探测造山带及盆山耦合区下方地壳精细结构正逐渐成为当前面临的巨大挑战.人工源深地震测深方法正越来越清晰地揭示出不同构造域地壳速度结构的基本特征,然而传统的层状结构模型参数化方法难以准确描述复杂地质模型,通常情况下多忽略速度结构的精细间断面且采用层边界平滑处理,难以满足地壳精细结构成像的发展要求.针对上述困难,本文采用最近发展的块状结构建模方案构建三维复杂地壳模型,基于逐段迭代射线追踪正演走时计算方法,推导了走时对三角形界面深度以及网格速度的偏导数,开展了非线性共轭梯度走时反演方法研究.发展了利用直达波和反射波等多震相走时数据对界面深度和网格速度的多参数联合反演方法,并引人不同种类震相数据的权系数和不同类型参数偏导数归一化的方法.数值算例表明,基于块状结构的非线性共轭梯度走时反演方法适用于复杂地壳结构模型,在利用人工源走时数据反演复杂地壳精细结构领域具有良好的应用前景.     

Generalised formulation of composite filters and their application to earthquake engineering test systems

This paper addresses the problem of generating unmeasured kinetic data—and/or providing improvements in existing data—for the enhancement of performance characteristics of earthquake engineering test systems, such as shaking tables, reaction walls and other custom‐made test rigs. The approach relies upon the use of composite filters (CF), a method of data fusion that was originally conceived via transfer function formulation. The current work generalises the CF concept and extends its formulation into the state‐space domain, thereby providing a wider basis for application to test systems and their controllers, including those of a multivariable (coupled, multi‐axis) nature. Comparative simulation studies of shaking table control are presented that demonstrate the design techniques for state‐space CF and also their effectiveness for signal synthesis, noise suppression and performance improvement. Specific examples include the use of CF for displacement demand signal generation, velocity feedback generation and acceleration control. In each case, the essential principles behind CF—output signals with zero bias and zero drift—are consistently upheld. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

模拟退火方法在三维速度模型地震波走时反演中的应用

采用块状建模以及三角形拼接的界面描述方式,并通过立方体速度网格线性插值获得块体内部的速度分布。正演过程中采用逐段迭代射线追踪方法计算三维复杂地质模型中的射线走时,并采用模拟退火方法进行了三维模型中的地震波走时反演研究。模型测试结果表明,使用的射线追踪和走时反演算法有效。     

Travel time computations using a compact eikonal equation for vertical transverse isotropic media

Eikonal solvers often have stability problems if the velocity model is mildly heterogeneous. We derive a stable and compact form of the eikonal equation for P‐wave propagation in vertical transverse isotropic media. The obtained formulation is more compact than other formulations and therefore computationally attractive. We implemented ray shooting for this new equation through a Hamiltonian formalism. Ray tracing based on this new equation is tested on both simple as well as more realistic mildly heterogeneous velocity models. We show through examples that the new equation gives travel times that coincide with the travel time picks from wave equation modelling for anisotropic wave propagation.     

Near-bankfull floods in an Alpine stream: Effects on the sediment mobility and bedload magnitude

In a mountain environment, the transport of coarse material is a key factor for many fields such as geomorphology, ecology, hazard assessment, and reservoir management. Despite this, there have been only a few field investigations of bedload, in particular using multiple monitoring methods. In this sense, attention has frequently focused on the effects of “high magnitude/low frequency floods” rather than on “ordinary events”. This study aims to analyze the sediment dynamics triggered by three high-frequency floods (recurrence interval “RI” between 1.1 and 1.7 yr) that occurred in the Rio Cordon basin during 2014. The flood events were investigated in terms of both sediment mobility and bedload magnitude. The Rio Cordon is an Alpine basin located in northeastern Italy. The catchment has a surface area of 5 km², ranging between 1763 and 2763 m above sea level. The Rio Cordon flows on an armored streambed layer, with a stable step-pool configuration and large boulders. Since 1986, the basin has been equipped with a permanent station to continuously monitor water discharge and sediment flux. To investigate sediment mobility, 250 PIT-tags were installed in the streambed in 2012. The 2014 floods showed a clear difference in terms of tracer displacement. The near-bankfull events showed equal mobility conditions, with mean travel distance one order of magnitude higher than the below-bankfull event. Furthermore, only the near-bankfull events transported coarse material to the monitoring station. Both events had a peak discharge up to 2.06 m³ s^-1, but the bedload transport rates differed by more than one order of magnitude, proving that under the current supply-limited condition, the bedload appears more related to the sediment supply than to the magnitude of the hydrological features. In this sense, the results demonstrated that near-bankfull events can mobilize large amounts of material for long distances, and that floods of apparently similar magnitude may lead to different sediment dynamics, depending on the type and amount of sediment supply.