上海自动站气温资料的空间质量控制与特征分析

运用Barnes插值方法和2011年7月1日00时至2012年6月30日23时(北京时间)逐时自动站气温资料,对Barnes插值方法的空间一致性质量控制进行研究,研究表明该方法在上海及华东地区有一定的适用性,同时分析了代表性区域的资料特征。结果表明:非降水日情况下,陆地站点和海边站点的气温具有显著的日变化特征,09时与18时左右两者之间差异最小;白天(夜晚),陆地(海边)站点气温高于海边(陆地)站点,最高(最低)气温差异约为0.74℃(0.79℃),多数时刻海陆差异显著,同时海陆气温日变化曲线不同的原因与日照、风向风速相关。此外,自动站资料能够充分反映出有天气过程时气象要素的变化特征,并能体现城市热岛效应。     

2020年自动地震速报系统结果分析

选取2020年3月1日至12月31日速报地震,通过对比自动地震速报和人工地震速报结果,对自动地震速报系统产出结果进行偏差分析。该时段内自动速报系统共产出国内地震事件216次,漏报49个地震,未发生误报地震。自动速报地震震中位置平均偏差为6.7 km,震级平均偏差为0.15,平均用时119 s。震中位置偏差较大主要由台站分布不均匀、缺少近台、台站空隙角过大及系统自动拾取的震相误差较大所致。震级偏差较大主要是震级转换算法不合理等造成的。自动速报漏报地震与系统在地震定位时初至到时信噪比较低、台站分布不均匀和地震的孤立性等有关。此外,还对全国自动地震速报系统的改进提出了建议。     

自动气象站运行、维护及自动站数据与人工观测资料的对比分析

基本(准)站气象台站目前采集地面气象资料均采用两套设备。一套是人工观测，通过传统的目测和直接感应的观测方法；另一套是通过地面有线综合遥测仪自动采集每个正点的压、温、湿、风、降水、地温等气象要素。通过对运行一年来自动观测站与人工观测站各气象要素资料的对比分析，找出自动站观测资料与人工观测资料之间的差异，为气象资料的连续使用提供依据。     

Sensitivity Analysis of Photochemical Indicators for O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Chemistry Using Automatic Differentiation

Photochemical indicators for determination of O₃–NO_x–ROG sensitivity and their sensitivity to model parameters are studied for a variety of polluted conditions using a comprehensive mixed-phase chemistry box model and the novel automatic differentiation ADIFOR tool. The main chemical reaction pathways in all phases, interfacial mass transfer processes, and ambient physical parameters that affect the indicators are identified and analyzed. Condensed mixed-phase chemical mechanisms are derived from the sensitivity analysis.Our results show that cloud chemistry has a significant impact on the indicators and their sensitivities, particularly on those involving H₂O₂, HNO₃, HCHO, and NO_z. Caution should be taken when applying the established threshold values of indicators in regions with large cloud coverage. Among the commonly used indicators, NO_y and O₃/NO_y are relatively insensitive to most model parameters, whereas indicators involving H₂O₂, HNO₃, HCHO, and NO_z are highly sensitive to changes in initial species concentrations, reaction rate constants, equilibrium constants, temperature, relative humidity, cloud droplet size, and cloud water content.     

The use of a microcomputer for data acquisition and reduction from a continuous flow analysis system for use at sea

Details are given of a microcomputer-controlled continuous flow analysis system, which has been successfully used for the determination of micronutrients in seawater on board ship. The important steps in constructing the computer program to deal with the reduction of the data are discussed.     

基于.NET的事务处理

介绍了事务处理的基本原理,讨论了.NET中的事务处理,说明了ADO.NET和消息队列中的手动事务处理,以及ASP.NET、XML Web service、.NET Framework类中的自动事务处理,并对.NET中的各种事务处理给出了实施的方法,为利用.NET构建具有事务处理的企业应用提供了参考.     

Automatic picking of P and S phases using a neural tree

The large amount of digital data recorded by permanent and temporary seismic networks makes automatic analysis of seismograms and automatic wave onset time picking schemes of great importance for timely and accurate event locations. We propose a fast and efficient P- and S-wave onset time, automatic detection method based on neural networks. The neural networks adopted here are particular neural trees, called IUANT2, characterized by a high generalization capability. Comparison between neural network automatic onset picking and standard, manual methods, shows that the technique presented here is generally robust and that it is capable to correctly identify phase-types while providing estimates of their accuracies. In addition, the automatic post processing method applied here can remove the ambiguity deriving from the incorrect association of events occurring closely in time. We have tested the methodology against standard STA/LTA phase picks and found that this neural approach performs better especially for low signal-to-noise ratios. We adopt the recall, precision and accuracy estimators to appraise objectively the results and compare them with those obtained with other methodologies.Tests of the proposed method are presented for 342 earthquakes recorded by 23 different stations (about 5000 traces). Our results show that the distribution of the differences between manual and automatic picking has a standard deviation of 0.064 s and 0.11 s for the P and the S waves, respectively. Our results show also that the number of false alarms deriving from incorrect detection is small and, thus, that the method is inherently robust.This paper has not been submitted elsewhere in identical or similar form, nor will it be during the first three months after its submission to Journal of Seismology.     

GPRS业务在自动气象站网数据传输中的应用

广东省中山市气象局引进中国移动通信公司的GRPS无线业务通讯技术,取代常规电话拨号方式,用于完成中尺度灾害性天气监测网中22个自动气象站观测资料的采集和传输。在实际气象业务试运行中的结果表明,GPRS通讯方式具有实时在线、高速传输、登陆快捷、收费合理、监控方便和安全可靠等优点,特别是在间断、突发性的或频繁、少量的气象数据传输中表现出良好的性能,适合中尺度自动气象站网气象资料采集和传输的需要。根据GPRS的发展前景,对该业务未来在气象部门的应用作了初步展望。     

马达驱动式全站仪的应用及开发

在Visual Basic 6.0开发环境下,采用二次开发工具GeoCOM和Microsoft Access数据库技术,开发了一套集通信、自动采集数据、存储数据、管理数据等功能于一体的自动变形监测软件。     

微波溶样-自动电位滴定法测定铁矿石中全铁量

将微波消解溶样技术与自动电位滴定相结合，用于铁矿石中全铁量的测定，检测结果与ISO9507方法的结果相符。对微波溶样的时间和压力进行了选择。方法对4个不同全铁浓度段的铁矿石国家一级标准物质中的全铁量测定12次，结果的平均值与标准值的相对误差为0．18％-0．29％，相对标准偏差为0．10％-0．18％。方法减少了操作人员的劳动强度，缩短了分析时间。