獐儿沟煤矿CO2突出机理及防治研究

通过长期的生产实践和总结事故的教训,分析了兰州市红古区獐儿沟煤矿南翼采区地质构造特征,煤层赋存状况及煤层中高CO2区的分布规律和突出机理。认为防治CO2突出,必须加强地质工作,查清CO2赋存规律,开展瓦斯预测预报,并有计划地做好抽、排放工作。     

三李煤矿突水因素分析及堵水工艺探讨

根据三李煤矿矿井地质及水文地质条件的分析，三李煤矿矿井突水水源应该是来自二1煤直接底板太原组上段L7－8灰岩岩溶溶裂隙含水层。为探明突水通道，采用“先探后堵，探堵结合，堵源为主”的治理方案，查明了该次突水的主要通道是：“通过煤层而未经任何材料封闭的钻孔^[1]。经对此处实施了钻孔注浆后，恢复了矿井生产。     

推覆体下特厚煤层开采的特殊地质灾害问题

新集二矿13-1煤为新生界松散层、推覆体下第一开采的特厚煤层,存在着与推覆体发育有关的隐伏构造裂隙水、离层裂隙水(气)、F02断层活化导水、冲击地压造成导水裂隙扩展等特殊的地质灾害问题。针对这些安全隐患,提出了留设防水煤柱、对离层空间充填注浆、选择合理的开采方案、加强采前探测等措施。     

中国煤中的硒

自然煤中硒的含量很低,对我国1315个煤样的分析资料统计,多数煤中硒含量在0.01～11mg/kg,平均约为2mg/kg。硒在煤中的赋存方式较为多样:黄铁矿是硒的重要载体;方铅矿、硒铅矿等含硒矿物亦可出现于煤中;硒还可以被粘土矿物吸附或与煤中有机物缔合。俗称“石煤”的晚古生代炭质泥岩中硒含量较高,利用不当则给人体健康带来危害。     

中国煤中的氯

在煤中诸多微量元素中,氯的含量是比较高的一种元素。全国280个样品分析数据的统计,多数煤中含氯量处于50～500mg/kg,平均约220mg/kg。氯在煤中的赋存状态主要为:氯离子溶于孔隙水中;呈类质同象赋存于其他多种矿物中;独立矿物。煤中氯的较高含量给煤的利用带来的问题近年来引起人们的重视。     

中国煤中的铀、钍和放射性核素

中国煤中的铀平均含量为3mg/kg,在某地富铀煤中检测到的最高值达25660mg/kg,其赋存状态主要是与有机质相结合的方式;钍平均含量6 mg/kg,没有发现异常现象.南方一些地区的石煤中含有较多的放射性核素,并且容易在灰渣中富集,综合利用时应加强监控,以避免产生危害.     

煤燃烧过程中微量元素的迁移和富集

煤中微量元素在燃烧过程中产生迁移与富集。大部分元素在煤的燃烧产物中得以富集,一些挥发性强的元素将扩散到大气中。在飞灰中,大部分环境有害元素的富集程度与其粒度成反比,即在细粒飞灰中更加富集,由此对人体健康的潜在危害也更大。在我国,大型燃煤电厂的环境问题值得重视,同时大量的民用炉灶产生的环境污染更加严重,值得进一步研究与治理。     

煤的比表面积 孔体积及其对煤吸附能力的影响

在液氮温度下，通过测试煤样在气体饱和蒸气压力范围内对N2的吸附过程及吸附量，用BET降BJH理论模型计算出煤的孔体积和孔表面积。同时，对煤样进行等温吸附CH4试验，根据试验结果,探讨了煤的孔体积，孔比表面积及与孔类型的关系，及其对煤吸附能力的影响，即煤对CH4的吸附能力与总孔体积，总孔比表面积，微孔比表面积呈正相关。     

潘谢矿区水文地质特征与缩小防水煤柱机理

淮南潘谢矿区年总设计生产能力为 2 10 0× 10 4t。区内第四系松散层厚 16 9～ 437m ,为巨厚松散强含水层 ,设计留设80m防水煤岩柱 ,防水煤柱储量达 6× 10 8t。通过开展缩小防水煤柱试采研究工作 ,将原设计留设的 80m防水煤柱减小到6 0m左右 ,局部仅 40m。本文通过总结潘谢矿区 10年来缩小防水煤柱工作面成功的开采实践 ,比较系统地阐述了潘谢矿区水文地质特征、覆岩破坏规律及缩小防水煤柱机理。     

Place vs. time and vegetational persistence: a comparison of four tropical mires from the Illinois Basin during the height of the Pennsylvanian Ice Age

Coal balls were collected from four coal beds in the southeastern part of the Illinois Basin. Collections were made from the Springfield, Herrin, and Baker coals in western Kentucky, and from the Danville Coal in southwestern Indiana. These four coal beds are among the principal mineable coals of the Illinois Basin and belong to the Carbondale and Shelburn Formations of late Middle Pennsylvanian age. Vegetational composition was analyzed quantitatively. Coal-ball samples from the Springfield, Herrin, and Baker are dominated by the lycopsid tree Lepidophloios, with lesser numbers of Psaronius tree ferns, medullosan pteridosperms, and the lycopsid trees Synchysidendron and Diaphorodendron. This vegetation is similar to that found in the Springfield and Herrin coals elsewhere in the Illinois Basin, as reported in previous studies. The Danville coal sample, which is considerably smaller than the others, is dominated by Psaronius with the lycopsids Sigillaria and Synchysidendron as subdominants.Coal balls from the Springfield coal were collected in zones directly from the coal bed and their zone-by-zone composition indicates three to four distinct plant assemblages. The other coals were analyzed as whole-seam random samples, averaging the landscape composition of the parent mire environments. This analysis indicates that these coals, separated from each other by marine and terrestrial-clastic deposits, have essentially the same floristic composition and, thus, appear to represent a common species pool that persisted throughout the late Middle Pennsylvanian, despite changes in baselevel and climate attendant the glacial–interglacial cyclicity of the Pennsylvanian ice age. Patterns of species abundance and diversity are much the same for the Springfield, Herrin, and Baker, although each coal, both in the local area sampled, and regionally, has its own paleobotanical peculiarities. Despite minor differences, these coals indicate a high degree of recurrence of assemblage and landscape organization. The Danville departs dramatically from the dominance–diversity composition of the older coals, presaging patterns of tree–fern and Sigillaria dominance of Late Pennsylvanian coals of the eastern United States, but, nonetheless, built on a species pool shared with the older coals.