The petrography,structure and mechanical behaviour of coals

Summary The objective of this study is to determine the parameters which influence coal's mechanical behaviour. The two coals examined (HBL, Simon, France and Barro Banco, Brazil) structurally originated from different deposits. The differences are readily explained by the contrasting composition of vitrain, clarain, durain and fusain. Their mechanical behaviour is linked to their petrographical composition. The Lorrainain coal behavioural pattern was evaluated. It is elastobrittle or elastoplastic with progressive failure. Brazilian coal behaves according to a pattern of elastoplastic with progressive failure or perfect elastoplastic.     

An isotopic study of hydrocarbon generation processes

The sources of reservoired liquid hydrocarbons in Australia differ substantially from their Northern Hemisphere counterparts. Not only are Australian source rocks largely of terrigenous origin but the concepts accepted as defining the hydrocarbon potential of source rocks have recently been challenged. Although isotopic measurements on Australian source rocks and liquid hydrocarbon products closely parallel those published from elsewhere, new interpretations of these data have been made, particularly with regard to D/H ratios in coals. As interesting as such results may be, the most important findings relate to the origins and histories of methane, the higher gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, and the interpretation of these data in terms of hydrocarbon genesis. Simple Northern Hemisphere concepts which characterize gases as being biogenic, oil-associated, etc., on the bases of their isotopic and chemical compositions are clearly not applicable to the Australian scene. Indeed justification of such precise classifications in the Northern Hemisphere on the available evidence is also questioned.Isotopic and compositional data from gases from the Cooper, Bowen, Sydney and Gippsland Basins and from the North West Shelf (Australia) are reviewed, and assessed in terms of generation pathways.     

抚顺煤田接触热变质带及其煤变质因素分析

通过对抚顺煤田西露天矿的大比便尺填图以及横向追索,发现大量的接触热变质“烧变煤”的存在,观察到接触热变质带与辉绿岩呈明显的热接触关系。在此基础上,结合岩浆岩研究指出抚顺煤田煤变质为一种具有浅成、高温,作用时间较短的岩浆热变质作用的产物。     

陕北高挥发分烟煤煤质特征与应用研究

通过煤质分析、煤岩分析与葛-金干馏试验等对比实验，研究了陕北横山、神府矿区等地侏罗纪不粘-弱粘煤及其配煤的煤炭特性、低温干馏特性以及单种煤与配煤低温干馏性能差异和变化规律。结果表明，陕北侏罗纪煤具有较高的焦油产率，配煤在降低煤中含硫量的同时，有利于低温干馏过程的进行和产品质量的提高；此外，在掌握原煤显微组成和低温干馏特性的情况下，可以预测配煤低温干馏产品的相关参数。     

湖南利民煤矿煤与瓦斯突出量级程度划分及其应用研究

根据煤与瓦斯突出的地质条件,对煤岩体系中的弹性潜能、瓦斯内能、采场附加应力积聚的能量分别进行了定性的划分,并结合弹性潜能、瓦斯内能,对煤与瓦斯突出的量级程度也尝试性地首次做出分类,并提高了原来的下限指标。对典型突出模式进行了简要地分析,为今后开展防治利民矿井煤与瓦斯突出工作提供了新的思路与对策。     

燃煤过程中氯氟烃的产生和释放

用静态去除燃煤产生的CO2气体,经冷阱两步浓缩,气相色谱-质谱对燃煤产生的烟气样品进行了检测,近100种物质被检测出,其中,二氟二氯甲烷与当地大气背景相比呈显著异常.随着燃烧温度的变化,二氟二氯甲烷具规律性变化,当燃炉温度达到400℃左右时,氟里昂释放达到峰值.燃煤过程中,二氟二氯甲烷含量变化表现出与氯甲烷有明显的正相关关系,表明氟里昂的生成同氯甲烷有着密切的内在联系.除了氟里昂外,燃煤过程中产生的氯甲烷对大气环境的影响也不容忽视.     

应力巷道深部开采支护方式探讨

结合工程实例分析了深部应力巷道支护方式及支护效果，并对多种支护形式及联合支护形式进行了比较，总结了在该区域巷道的支护对策。     

焉耆盆地侏罗系煤系源岩评价与成烃机理研究

在对焉耆盆地已钻探井暗色泥岩、碳质泥岩等生油岩和部分原油样品地球化学分析的基础上,结合构造,特别是沉积和岩相古地理特征,研究了烃源岩类型及空间展布,煤系源岩有机显微组分组成及生烃机理,有机质丰度、类型及成熟度特征,指出烃源岩类型属典型的腐殖型;侏罗系八道湾组、三工河组和西山窑组煤系泥岩、炭质泥岩及煤均能生烃,但以侏罗系八道湾组煤系泥岩为主要烃源岩;博湖坳陷南、北凹陷都经历过油气形成过程,但北部凹陷存在两个生油阶段,而南部凹陷仅存在一个生油阶段。     

大别山北麓高煤级煤的变形——变质类型

对中国东部大别造山带前陆盆地石炭纪含煤岩系的高煤级煤进行了深入研究,划分出3种变形——变质类型。构造——热变质类型煤样采自剪切应变带内,煤镜质组反射率各向异性显著,煤结构参数L_c最大,L_a/L_c和d₀₀₂最小,TEM下存在局部石墨化现象,呈现动力变质特征。岩浆热变质类型煤样受中生代花岗岩侵入体异常高温影响,Ro_max和Ro_bi较大,显微镜下呈非均质结构,L_a/L_c在3类煤中最大。区域变质类型煤的Ro_max最小,但仍远远高于稳定地区相近地质时代煤,反映了造山带旁侧构造——热活动背景下有机质的高演化程度。