煤矿井下自动化钻探技术概况与智能化发展前瞻

针对煤矿井下钻场人员需求大、安全隐患多、一人操作难以同时控制钻机动作并从全局视角知悉钻机运行状态等问题,引入了数字孪生技术,设计开发了钻机远程服务平台。该平台系统以ZDY25000LDK钻机为载体,融合了钻机远程控制系统、数字孪生模型和参数监测系统3方面技术,通过检测与执行层、数据传输层和远程集控层实现钻机远程控制、钻机运行全生命周期映射与参数监测。钻机远程控制系统实现了实时远距离控制钻机,数字孪生模型能够映射钻机各运动部件的运动状态,并能通过仿真实验为钻探施工提供先验参考,参数监测系统实现了对钻机状态参数和钻进参数的实时监测。基于该钻机远程服务平台,进行了平台的功能性和实时性验证。试验结果表明：钻机远程服务平台能够实现钻机远程控制,并从全局视角上映射和监测钻机运行状态和参数,通过数字孪生体仿真,得出钻机上扣过程中动力头回转速度和给进速度的最优比值为4.28,与实际上扣情况相符。平台操作方便、实时性高、可靠性好、人机交互友好,为煤矿井下钻探工作的减人增效和智能化升级提供了解决方案。

     

Differential Colonization of Roots of Rhizophora mangle by the Wood Boring Isopod Sphaeroma terebrans as a Mechanism to Increase Root Density

Abstract. The frequency of parasitism of free ending prop roots of the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, by the wood boring isopod Sphaeroma terebrans, increased with increasing distance of the endings to established roots. In a field experiment, in which isolated endings were, surrounded by wooden sticks, the endings were colonized by S. terebrans at a lower rate than control endings, thus indicating that the wooden structures in the vicinity of the ending tended to reduce colonization rate by S. terebrans. It is concluded that S. terebrans may cause mangrove root density to increase by colonizing peripheral endings more readily than endings which are near established roots.     

涡激振动实验中的流速增大装置研发与性能研究

拖曳水池中进行立管涡激振动实验时,为了保证采样时间长度,难以达到较高的Re数。流速增大装置可以在不提高拖车车速的情况下增大立管外的流速。利用这种流速增大装置还可实现流速分层流场中细长柔性立管涡激振动实验。经过对流速增大装置中的进流段曲线进行优选,发现Witozinsky曲线的总体性能最好。在对流速增大装置进行水池实验和数值模拟后,发现流速增大区域的流速增大倍数接近进流段收缩比,流速增大区域流场比较稳定、均匀,流速增大装置对其外的流场影响很小。此流速增大装置不但可应用于拖曳水池中的立管涡激振动实验,还可以应用于对流速要求较高的水下航行体的水池试验,如鱼雷、水下机器人等。     

Biocorrosion by Bivalves

Abstract. A survey of the historical background of chemically boring bivalves and the proposed methods of boring, indications for biocorrosion, observations, and experimental results are provided. The regional impact to the ecosystem is discussed with examples from the N. Adriatic, Caribbean, and E. Pacific. The fossil record of the geologically oldest biocorroders extends back into the Mesozoic, i.e ., U. Triassic for Lithophaga and Jurassic for gastrochaenids.     

混合填土地层中大直径灌注桩试验研究

某工程厂区原始地貌主要为黄土低山丘陵,在建设过程中对原始地貌进行场地平整后,形成了厚度近20m的厚层填土,填土成分以削挖梁峁区产生的黄土与砂岩泥岩的混合物,粒径不等,其承载性能不能满足主要建筑物对地基土的要求,考虑采用灌注桩基础。由于填土下伏砂岩及其与泥岩互层的基岩,综合考虑各种成孔工艺及其地层适应性,决定选择冲击成孔工艺,以克服填土区的通桩性并满足嵌岩要求。针对以上方案,开展了现场足尺试验研究,通过采用竖向抗压载荷试验、水平承载力试验及桩身应力应变测试等方法,对厚填土地层中冲击成孔灌注桩的承载性能、施工参数等进行了评价和分析,取得了可靠的试验数据,对类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

粉煤灰混凝土桩钻孔压灌工艺在软土地基上的应用

介绍了粉煤灰混凝土桩及钻孔压灌工艺的特点,指出了粉煤灰混凝土桩钻孔压灌工艺在软土地基施工中应注意的问题,并列举了２个工程实例。     

Submerged vegetation of the Rotorua and Waikato lakes

Five plant communities in Lake Rotoiti, North Island, New Zealand (38° 02’ S, 176° 24’ E) are described. In shallow water (0–2 m depth) partly protected from the prevailing westerly winds, some indigenous species form characteristic mounds. From 2 to 6 m depth the exotic macrophyte Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss is the dominant and forms dense beds which appear to have completely replaced any native vegetation. Elodea canadensis Michx., a longer‐established exotic, may form a minor component of this zone, but may become the dominant species in water above and below the Lagarosiphon zone. Lagarosiphon appears to be primarily restricted to silty sand, but on pure silt areas it is replaced by Elodea and/or Nitella hookeri A. Braun. These zonations are probably static rather than successional. On underwater cliff faces and boulder shores a seasonal succession of algae was the major vegetation. Only filamentous cyanophytes grew within 1–2m of geothermal springs in the lake.     

老平台新增井槽技术的应用与发展

老油田的二次开发难度较大,为充分利用老平台设备资源,解决现有海上平台存在的预留井槽不足的问题,曾提出并成功应用了内挂、外挂、新增桩腿外挂等增加井槽的方式,但井槽增加的方位和数量受到限制。结合两平台短距离连接和修井机双向滑移避让钻井船技术,提出了新的修井机共用方式。通过采用双向滑轨实现了修井机在新建平台和老平台间的往复滑移。此技术节约了开发投资,为今后类似项目提供参考和借鉴。     

The Dynamics of Covering Behaviour in Dominant Echinoid Populations from American and European West Coasts

Abstract.  The so-called 'covering behaviour' of echinoids is known to vary with habitat according to the types of covering items available, but the full extent of the role played by habitat characteristics in this behaviour is not known. Moreover, whether or not different species inhabiting similar environmental conditions and habitats also show similar patterns of this particular behaviour has yet to be investigated. In this study, two prominent west coast echinoid species, Paracentrotus lividus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus , were examined with respect to covering behaviour and spatial organisation. Populations of both species are found in exposed intertidal zones, occupying boreholes within tidepools. Important similarities were found in the spatial organisation of both species' populations, with lowest densities in upper shore pools. However, the size distributions of the two populations differed significantly; P. lividus within upper shore pools were significantly larger than those in mid or lower shore pools, whereas S. purpuratus on the lower shore were significantly larger than those at other shore heights. We found significant between-species variability in covering item use, although the number of covering items available at both sites was not significantly different. For example, greater densities of covering items were used by P. lividus than by S. purpuratus . We also found that the percent of echinoid surface area covered varied significantly in space for both species. These data emphasise the complex and multifaceted nature of covering behaviour, but most importantly, they also strongly suggest that habitat characteristics can only partly explain the extent of this behavioural variability amongst echinoid species.     

福建红树林上钻孔动物的生态

福建红树林上的钻孔动物共发现了５种，其中软体动物的龙骨节铠船蛆Ｂａｎｋｉａ ｃａｒｉｎａｔａ、裂铠船蛆Ｔｅｒｅｄｏ ｍａｎｎｉ和甲壳动物的光背团水虱Ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｍａ ｒｅｔｒｏｌａｅｖｉｓ是破坏红树林的主要的钻孔动物。钻孔动物钻凿红树茎的基部和裸露的根部，垂直分布受潮汐水位制约，在红树林区的纵深分布与水流畅通程度有关。