塔里木盆地石炭系泥岩沉积时的古盐度分析

通过对塔里木盆地巴楚、塔中、塔河地区井下及巴楚小海子露头、阿克苏四石厂露头的石炭系泥岩中黏土矿物、微量和常量元素的测定,利用Adams和Couch古盐度计算公式、Walker相当硼判定法及锶钡比值法定量—半定量地分析了该区石炭系泥岩沉积时的古盐度特征,结果表明古盐度在4.7‰~33.9‰,大部分为半咸水沉积,其次为淡水—微咸水沉积,个别为咸水沉积;且古盐度变化明显,平面上巴楚组泥岩段泥岩总体具有从塔东北向塔西南古盐度变大的趋势;卡拉沙依组砂泥岩段泥岩在塔中古盐度最小,塔西南最大,塔北居中。由于沉积物中泥岩沉积时的古盐度特征是沉积环境的判别标志之一,因此它对有争议的卡拉沙依组砂泥岩段及巴楚组角砾岩段沉积环境的判定提供了沉积水体性质方面的依据。石炭系泥岩沉积时的古盐度与该时期海平面升降及沉积相演化有关,该泥岩形成于石炭纪海平面相对下降或上升缓慢、古盐度相对较低的沉积环境。     

山西省阳泉市平定县某滑坡体成因分析

近几年,山区地质灾害已得到有关政府部门的高度重视,治理地质灾害已成为一项重要工作。本文采用一个山区滑坡治理工程实例剖析,分析其形成机理。     

用Mo-TOC相关性估算海相泥质烃源岩原始有机碳的一种新方法——以藏南白垩系海相泥岩、页岩为例

本文引入一种原始有机碳恢复的新方法,即利用Mo-TOC相关性来估算海相泥质烃源岩原始有机碳。并以藏南地区白垩纪海相泥岩、页岩为例,估算其原始有机碳含量及有机碳损失率。该方法可能在我国高成熟度-过成熟烃源岩的评价和油气资源量预测中发挥重要的作用。     

东营凹陷西部沙河街组三段上部泥岩中白云岩夹层成因研究

本文以东营凹陷西部沙河街组三段上部泥岩中白云岩夹层为研究对象，通过泥岩及白云岩夹层在岩石学和地球化学等方面对比研究后认为区内白云岩形成于半深湖环境，是湖盆演化过程中特定阶段由于水深条件、古气候条件、水介质条件等均有利于白云石排除动力学和热力学的障碍而从水介质中沉淀形成的原生白云岩。     

根据泥岩压实探讨我国东部三个晚白垩—第三纪含油盆地类型

本文根据大量的泥岩孔隙度实测数据和声波测井资料,探讨了我国东部三水、泌阳和黄骅等晚白垩—第三纪含油盆地的类型。根据泥岩压实曲线计算的剥蚀厚度,可将三个盆地划分为具有严重剥蚀的三水压实型与仅有轻微剥蚀的黄骅压实型两类。前者必须根据剥蚀厚度恢复地层在地史时期的最大埋深,否则将会对油气的勘探带来不良影响。     

一种含自生独居石富钾、富稀土的多硅白云母泥岩

1999年在《沉积学报》发表了“大连地区前寒武纪沉积岩中发现自生独居石及其意义”一文,此后又获得了国家自然科学基金的资助加以继续研究。含自生独居石的泥岩研究的新成果介绍如下 :①泥岩的特征化学成分 :K₂O11.94 %,Al₂ O₃ 16.4 7%,SiO₂ 6 1.91%;ΣREE 330.6 9μg/ g,Ce 130.80 μg/g;La(N) /Yb(N) 12.4 4,δEu 0.75,δCe1.17;②泥岩造岩矿物经电子探针能波和波谱分析和X-射线衍射曲线对比,认为是由伊利石转变成的多硅白云母,长期的成岩作用和中生代滑脱构造的压力促进了伊利石的转化;③自生独居石也经受了成岩作用及其后的影响,表现为矿物晶形包括 :散点状、单针状、晶簇状和连晶状等,大小由 1～ 6 0 μm;其晶形与产生自岩浆岩、变质岩和碎屑物中的短柱状单斜晶系独居石外形截然不同;由此得出结论认为该泥岩是一种罕见的特殊泥岩,富钾、富稀土元素和内部-外部环境创造了独居石的形成和生长条件。同时,本文强调在华北地台元古宙富稀土元素层位,有可能找到自生独居石并进而开展U、Th -Pb同位素地质测年研究;以及为华北地台北缘巨大稀土矿床矿源层探索提供依据     

Paleoceanography and Heavy Metal Enrichment of Mudstones in the Green Tuff Region, Northeastern Japan

Abstract. A series of mudstones corresponding to N.8 to N.17 of Blow from the Uyashinai Mudstone Member, the Onnagawa Formation and the Funakawa Formation in the Taiheizan area of the central Green Tuff region, northeast Japan, was examined by chemical analysis. According to conventional chemical systematics, the mudstones are analyzed in terms of detrital, biogenic-A (siliceous), biogenic-B (calcareous) and hydrogenous components. The relative contribution of the biogenic-A (siliceous) component increases in upward succession in the Uyashinai and Onnagawa mudstones, whereas the contribution of the biogenic-B (calcareous) component is restricted to the lower Uyashinai mudstones. The contribution of hydrogenous components Zn, Pb, Cu and Ba tends to increase during the Nishikurosawa stage, and decreases near the Nishikurosawa/Onnagawa boundary (Pb and Ba) or in the Onnagawa stage (Zn and Cu). The observed enrichment of heavy metals in the Uyashinai mudstones is attributed to the onset of vigorous upwelling of deep water with higher nutrient and metal content associated with a contemporaneous change in global deep-water circulation.     

广西航运枢纽工程建设中的极软岩研究

广西郁江桂平至上游百色规划有10个千吨级航运枢纽梯级,其中老口、鱼梁、那吉处在南宁、百色第三纪盆地。盆地内泥质岩石属软~极软泥岩,它具有低强度、对环境敏感、弱改造等特性,反映在工程设计中地基承载力不足、地基应力及变形超标,抗剪强度低、抗滑稳定问题突出等方面;在工程施工中体现在岩体工程稳定性差,施工保护要求高等。根据那吉等工程勘探试验研究成果,提出针对软岩工程地质问题评价及基础验收、建基面保护、地基处理等应注意的问题和采取的对策。     

Origin of mud in turbidites and hybrid event beds: Insight from ponded mudstone caps of the Castagnola turbidite system (north-west Italy)

The partitioning of different grain-size classes in gravity flow deposits is one of the key characteristics used to infer depositional processes. Turbidites have relatively clean sandstones with most of their clay deposited as part of a mudstone cap or as a distal mudstone layer, whereas sand-bearing debrites commonly comprise mixtures of sand grains and interstitial clay; hybrid event beds develop alternations of clean and dirty (clay-rich) sandstones in varying proportions. Analysis of co-genetic mudstone caps in terms of thickness and composition is a novel approach that can provide new insight into gravity flow depositional processes. Bed thickness data from the ponded Castagnola system show that turbidites contain more clay overall than do hybrid event beds. The Castagnola system is characterized by deposits of two very different petrographic types. Thanks to this duality, analyses of sandstone and mudstone composition allow inference of which proportion of the clay in each of the deposit types was acquired en route. In combination with standard sedimentological observations the new data allow insight into the likely characteristics of their parent flows. Clean turbidites were deposited by lower concentration, long duration, erosive, muddy turbidity currents which were more efficient at fractionating clay particles away from their basal layer. Hybrid event beds were deposited by shorter duration, higher-concentration, less-erosive sandier flows which were less efficient at clay fractionation. The results are consistent with data from other turbidite systems (for example, Marnoso-arenacea). The approach represents a new method to infer the controls on the degree of clay partitioning in gravity flow deposits.     

From marine bands to hybrid flows: Sedimentology of a Mississippian black shale

Organic-rich mudstones have long been of interest as conventional and unconventional source rocks and are an important organic carbon sink. Yet the processes that deposited organic-rich muds in epicontinental seaways are poorly understood, partly because few modern analogues exist. This study investigates the processes that transported and deposited sediment and organic matter through part of the Bowland Shale Formation, from the Mississippian Rheic–Tethys seaway. Field to micron-scale sedimentological analysis reveals a heterogeneous succession of carbonate-rich, siliceous, and siliciclastic, argillaceous muds. Deposition of these facies at basinal and slope locations was moderated by progradation of the nearby Pendle delta system, fourth-order eustatic sea-level fluctuation and localized block and basin tectonism. Marine transgressions deposited bioclastic ‘marine band’ (hemi)pelagic packages. These include abundant euhaline macrofaunal tests, and phosphatic concretions of organic matter and radiolarian tests interpreted as faecal pellets sourced from a productive water column. Lens-rich (lenticular) mudstones, hybrid, debrite and turbidite beds successively overlie marine band packages and suggest reducing basin accommodation promoted sediment deposition via laminar and hybrid flows sourced from the basin margins. Mud lenses in lenticular mudstones lack organic linings and bioclasts and are equant in early-cemented lenses and in plan-view, and are largest and most abundant in mudstones overlying marine band packages. Thus, lenses likely represent partially consolidated mud clasts that were scoured and transported in bedload from the shelf or proximal slope, as a ‘shelf to basin’ conveyor, during periods of reduced basin accommodation. Candidate in situ microbial mats in strongly lenticular mudstones, and as rip-up fragments in the down-dip hybrid beds, suggest that these were potentially key biostabilizers of mud. Deltaic mud export was fast, despite the intrabasinal complexity, likely an order of magnitude higher than similar successions deposited in North America. Epicontinental basins remotely linked to delta systems were therefore capable of rapidly accumulating both sediment and organic matter.