Lithium Abundances in the Atmospheres of SLR C-Giants WZ Cas and WX Cyg from Resonance and Subordinate Li I Lines

Lithium abundances in the atmospheres of the super Li-rich C-giants WZ Cas and WX Cyg are derived by the spectral synthesis technique using the Li I resonance line at λ670.8 nm and three subordinate lines at λλ 812.6, 610.4 and 497.2 nm. The differences between the Li abundances derived from the λ670.8 nm line and the λλ 497.2, 812.6 nm lines do not exceed ±0.5 dex. The lithium line at λ610.4 nm provides typically lower abundances than the resonance line (by ≈ 1 dex). The mean LTE and NLTE Li abundances from three Li I lines (excluding λ610.4 nm) are 4.7, 4.9 for WZ Cas, and 4.6, 4.8 for WX Cyg, respectively. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Geology and geochemistry of Huanggangliang stratabound skarn deposit in Inner Mongolia, China

Over the recent three decades,exploration of a large-size Sn-Fe polymetallic ore deposit at the Huanggangliang, the Da Hinggan Mountains, Inner Mongolia, China, has been largely focused on the premise that the mineralization represents epigenetic magmatic hydrothermal ore deposit in genetic connection with the Mesozoic magmatism. The Huanggangliang Sn-Fe polymetallic ore deposits occurred in Permian strata, with siltstone/marble of the Zhesi Formation and spilite/andesite/tuff of the Dashizhai Formation. The characteristics of geological and geochemical data demonstrated that sedimentary hydrothermal mineralization occurred during the basin evolution at the Permian, rather than representing epigenetic magmatic hydrothermal genesis with the following evidences. The ore-bearing skarns are stratiform with underlying metasedimentary rocks and overlying volcanic sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary hydrothermal textures and structures are observed in the stratabound ore-bearing skarn such as bedded-laminated skarn and magnetite ores with small-size folding or soft deformation, synsedimentary breccia of skarn and magnetite ores and concentric shell structure of magnetite ores. So the stratabound ore-bearing skarns associated with magnetite ore and micro-disseminated tin, are peculiar examples of exhalite. The REE contents of the stratabound ore-bearing skarns display ΣLREE-rich (36.91×10-6) but ΣHREE-depletion (6.42×10-6), with positive Eu anomaly (Eu/ Eu 1.28) and negative Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce 0.88), which is totally different from REE pattern of the Huanggang magmatic rocks(with ΣREE 277.73×10-6, ΣLREE 220.24×10-6, ΣHREE 57.49×10-6, Eu/Eu 0.06, Ce/ Ce 1.52), which is comparable with modern sea-floor hydrothermal fluid,sedimentary hydrothermal ore deposit and associated hydrothermal sedimentary rocks. Calcite samples with δ13CPDB from -5.400 ‰ to -4.397 ‰ and δ18OSMOW from 9.095 ‰ to 9.364 ‰ in the stratabound ore-bearing skarns show sedimentary hydrothermal genesis of the Huanggangliang deposit. This proposition is useful not only for interpretation of the genesis of the Huanggangliang large Sn-Fe polymetallic ore deposit but also significant for mineral exploration in the area especially for finding large deposits caused by sedimentary exhalative mineralization processes.     

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF INORGANIC CARBON UTILIZATION IN EMILIANIA HUXLEYI AND SOME NON-CALCIFYING MARINE MICROALGAE

INTRODUCTIONMarinemicroalgaeacquiretheirinorganiccarbonforphotosynthesisfromseawaterwhereinorganiccarbonmaybepresentasfreeCO2 ,H2 CO3andHCO-3 andCO2 -3 .TheproportionsofdifferentDICformsareprimarilyrelatedtopH ,andtotemperatureandsalinitytoalessextent.ThetotalDICisashighas2mmol Linseawa terbutthisismainlyintheformofHCO-3 .InnormalpHrangeof7.8-8.2inseawater,HCO-3 accountsfororethan 90 %ofthetotalDIC,whilefreeCO2 islessthan1 % .TheequilibriumconcentrationoffreeCO2 isonly1 2 μm…     

Analysis and prediction of household carbon emission in northwest China北大核心CSCD

The economic development, living standard of residents and carbon emissions in Northwest China are lower than the national average. However,with the favorable policies the economic development is being improved and the household living standard is gradually raised up which will lead to an increase of the residents living carbon emissions, and the emission pattern will also be affected. This is detrimental to the fragile ecological environment of the Northwest China. At present, most of the researches on residents' carbon emissions are focused on the eastern and southern regions of China where there are frequent and significant human activities and high carbon emissions, and less attention has been paid to the northwest region, but the increase of carbon emissions and the increase of environmental costs have a more far-reaching impact on the less developed areas. In addition, when researchers pay attention to the prediction of residents' carbon emissions, they usually focus on the quantitative prediction and ignore the spatial pattern prediction, which is not conducive to the coordinated development between regions. Based on the data of energy consumption and consumption expenditure in the five provinces of Northwest China, including Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang from 1997 to 2016, this paper firstly used the direct coefficient method to measure the residents' direct carbon emissions, and the input-output method to calculate the indirect carbon emissions of the residents and analyzes the present situation of residents' carbon emissions in the northwest region. Secondly, based on standard deviation ellipse and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model, the carbon emissions of residents in Northwest China were predicted in terms of quantity and spatial pattern from 2017 to 2021. Major results are listed as follows: From 1997 to 2016, household carbon emissions in Northwest China showed a rising trend with an initial slow pace followed by a quick pace. The direct carbon emissions were stabilized in the range from 0. 3 × 108 t to 0. 4 × 108 t,and the indirect carbon emissions reached 2. 38 × 108 t. The spatial distribution of household carbon emissions in Northwest China was generally steady with a direction pattern from northwest to southeast. And the moving trend of standard deviation ellipse was from northwest to southeast to northwest, and the center of standard deviation ellipse moved around the point of (99. 07 °E,38. 19°N). From 2017 to 2021, the direct household carbon emissions in Northwest China reach to 0.543 × 108 t and the indirect carbon emissions are 3. 631 × 108 t by 2021. With the development of the western region in China and the promotion of poverty alleviation,Xinjiang Province had a lower emission than Shaanxi,but it had the higher growth rate than Shaanxi. These factors are all driving the main areas of carbon emission northwestward. The purpose of this paper is to recommend how to coordinate between the population and consumption and the environment, leading citizens to establish the value of low-carbon consumption. © 2019 Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

城市能源消费碳排放特征及其机理分析 ——以广州市为例

采用表观能源消费数据进行分能源品种和分行业类型的碳排放总量核算,利用基于IDA理论和Kaya恒等式的LMDI模型对碳排放总量变化进行多要素的分解分析,在解析人口规模效应、经济产出效应、能源强度效应对碳排放影响机理的同时,进一步纳入人口结构性因素、产业结构性因素和能源结构性因素对碳排放的影响。以广州市为例,对其2003—2013年产业活动和居民消费2个部门碳排放的主要驱动因素进行时间序列分析,并定量研究各个影响因子在2003—2005、2005—2010和2010—2013年3个不同发展阶段的作用机理,主要研究结论如下：1）广州市能源消费及其碳排放前期以煤炭为主,近年来以石油为主,同时外购电力对广州市的能源消费结构优化影响显著。2）各影响因子对广州市碳排放总量变化的作用机理与影响机制在3个发展阶段各不相同,不同发展阶段的发展措施和政策背景对于各个影响因子的碳排放效应影响显著。3）总体分析,经济产出效应和人口规模效应是产业部门碳排放增长的最主要贡献因子;工业能源消费强度效应、工业能源消费结构效应和经济结构效应是遏制产业部门碳排放增长的最主要贡献因子。城镇居民收入效应是居民消费碳排放增长的最主要贡献因子,城镇居民能源消费强度效应是遏制居民消费碳排放增长的最主要贡献因子。     

黄土高原草地和农田生态系统碳滞留时间及固碳潜力

采用概率反演分析法估算黄土高原草地和农田生态系统各碳库滞留时间及固碳潜力。结果表明:除农田植物地上部分外,植物地上部分、地下部分、代谢性凋落物及土壤活性有机碳库滞留时间最短,为25~203d;惰性凋落物碳库滞留时间为2.4~3a;慢性有机碳库和惰性有机碳库滞留时间最长,分别为57.4~79.6a和593~598a。多年生草地的根系滞留时间显著高于农田;而农田代谢性凋落物碳库和慢性有机碳库的滞留时间显著高于草地。根据反演所得参数模拟,在当前气候和土壤条件下,农田和草地系统土壤有机碳在250a左右时达稳定状态,农田系统固碳潜力约为2 680g C·m^-2,草地约为3 130g C·m^-2。农田有机肥的输入能使土壤有机碳多固定4 000g C·m^-2。有机肥的输入及土壤有机碳周转缓慢使耕作农田比草地更有利于土壤有机碳积累。     

A first estimate of organic carbon storage in Holocene lake sediments in Alberta, Canada

This paper reports a first estimate of the Holocene lake sediment carbon pool in Alberta, Canada. The organic matter content of lake sediment does not appear to depend strongly on lake size or other limnological parameters, allowing a simple first estimate in which we assume all Alberta lake sediment to have the same organic matter content. Alberta lake sediments sequester about 15 g C m^-2 yr^-1, for a provincial total of 0.23 Tg C yr^-1, or 2.3 Pg C over the Holocene. Alberta lakes may represent as much as 1/1700 of total global, annual permanent carbon sequestration.     

山东济宁许厂煤矿下组煤瓦斯与二氧化碳开发利用前景及存在的问题

许厂煤矿下组煤中蕴藏着较为丰富的瓦斯、二氧化碳资源。下组煤位于瓦斯风化带内,含瓦斯、二氧化碳和氮气等气体,瓦斯含量与埋藏深度呈正相关关系,主要存在低含量瓦斯、二氧化碳抽采率、二氧化碳资源化转换等技术方面的问题。从国家相关优惠政策、资源优势、煤与煤层气一体化开发技术、近水平长钻孔定向钻进技术、煤层压裂造缝技术、煤层注气增产技术和瓦斯、二氧化碳气体提纯技术等关键技术的发展程度,结合煤矿的下组煤层的开采方案,认为许厂煤矿有着较好的煤炭与瓦斯、二氧化碳一体化开发利用前景。     

森林碳汇决策与农村可持续发展研究

认为有必要在基于碳汇的土地利用和当地可持续发展之间建立一种更加明确的联系．依托一个中国-加拿大合作项目，以中国贵州省黎平县为例，阐述了一种将森林碳汇、森林资源管理以及如何促进当地可持续发展联系起来的综合评估方法，并且着重介绍了能帮助资源管理和规划部门实施这种综合评估的土地利用决策支持工具（LUDST）．     

区域旅游生态效率实证分析——以海南省为例

基于旅游碳足迹、生态效率、旅游经济效应等理论,构建了旅游生态效率模型,在定量计算海南省2012年旅游生态效率值的基础上,对旅游生态效率区域差异进行了成因机制分析。主要结论有：① 海南省2012年旅游交通生态效率为0.898元/kg,旅游住宿生态效率为7.13元/kg,旅游活动生态效率为16.32元/kg,旅游综合生态效率为1.787元/kg,旅游活动和旅游住宿的生态效率值大于旅游交通生态效率值。② 在出行距离既定的情况下,优化旅游生态效率的措施在于：提高人均消费水平、延长平均停留时间、增加平均参与活动频次,即“短距离、长停留、高消费”的市场模式有利于优化旅游生态效率,反之,“长距离、短停留、低消费”的市场模式则拉低了旅游生态效率值。③ 海南省旅游者外部交通平均距离较大、乘坐飞机旅游者比例较高、旅游收入统计值低于实际值等原因叠加起来使其旅游生态效率水平略次于部分旅游地。