三峡水库和长江中下游通江湖泊(洞庭湖和鄱阳湖)草鱼、鲢的孵化日期及早期生长特征

三峡水库以及上游江段形成的河—库生态系统与长江中下游洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的江湖生态系统都是四大家鱼的重要栖息地,有相似性也有差异.2017年7—8月在三峡水库、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖利用地笼、虾笼、高网和迷魂阵采集草鱼和鲢幼鱼样本,观测耳石日轮,分析三峡水库和通江湖泊草鱼和鲢幼鱼的繁殖时间和早期生长特征及差异,探讨相应的保护措施.结果显示,三峡水库、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖采集草鱼幼鱼的孵化日期分别为4月24日—5月25日、5月21日—6月26日和5月4日—5月28日;鲢幼鱼的孵化日期分别为4月10日—6月12日、5月25日—6月19日和5月9日—6月12日.三峡水库、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖草鱼样本的体长增长率分别为1.04、1.84和1.64 mm/d,微耳石的沉积率分别为3.41、5.41和4.77μm/d;鲢幼鱼的体长增长率分别为1.10、2.87和1.96 mm/d,微耳石沉积率分别为2.96、7.17和4.57μm/d.洞庭湖草鱼和鲢的体长增长率和耳石沉积率均显著大于三峡水库;鄱阳湖鲢的体长增长率和耳石沉积率均显著大于三峡水库,而草鱼的体长增长率和耳石沉积率则与三峡水库没有显著差异.结果表明,三峡水库蓄水后长江中游干流草鱼和鲢的繁殖时间明显滞后;洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的草鱼和鲢幼鱼生长更快.目前,长江全面禁渔正在逐步实施,预期将对恢复鱼类资源起到重要的作用.除了全面禁渔之外,还建议保护和修复鱼类栖息地;减少江湖阻隔,灌江纳苗;增殖放流亲鱼;开展生态调度,促进鱼类繁殖.     

Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Control Region Sequence from Three Flatfish Species （Pleuronectidae）

The 5‘-end of the mitochondrial control region sequences of three flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae) were amplified and sequenced. These sequences were compared with those of other three Pleuronectids species retrieved from GenBank. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the partial control region sequences. The results of phylogenetic analysis are consistent with those of conventional systematics. Compared to previous studies, the structure of the 5‘-end of mitochondrial control region was analyzed. The terminal associated sequence motif and its complementary motif were identified at the 5‘-end of the sequences. A conserved sequence block, named as CM5‘ d, was identified in the 5‘-end of control region sequences in all Pleuronectids. Another central conserved sequence block, named as CSB-F, was detected in the central conserved blocks.     

河北丰宁牛圈银矿床原生晕特征及深部预测

牛圈银矿是冀北地区重要的独立型银矿床.对其原生晕统计分析研究表明,所测微量元素基本都服从对数正态分布,矿床原生晕指示元素组合为Au Ag Cu Pb Zn Mn As Sb;Bi Hg;Mo Sb.在矿体上盘出现头晕元素与尾晕元素相叠加的情况,说明1 150 m剖面以下具有良好的矿化前景.     

皇城山银矿床地球化学特征及预测评价

皇城山银矿床是近年勘查评价出的一处中型低温银矿床.矿床赋存于中生代早白垩世火山岩、次火山岩内,矿体产于北东向花岗斑岩脉中,且严格受火山构造控制.矿区普查阶段比较系统地开展了万分之一岩石测量和原生晕找盲矿专题研究.通过对皇城山银矿地球化学特征研究,建立找矿评价标志,进而对矿带未知地段进行分析对比,做出深部远景评价,取得较好的地质找矿效果.     

柄海鞘共附生细菌的分离培养与系统发育多样性研究

通过纯培养和16SrRNA基因序列的相似性比对,并构建系统发育树对威海海域柄海鞘共附生细菌的多样性进行了研究。用2216E培养基从柄海鞘样品中分离到78株细菌,通过形态学特征和TCBS培养基选择性筛选后,选取30株具有代表性的菌株进行了16SrRNA基因测序和基于16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育多样性分析。结果表明,30株菌株分别属于细菌域的4个系统发育类群(Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Gro-teobacteria)的11个科,11个属。根据16SrRNA基因序列,大多数菌株与其系统发育关系最密切的模式菌株之间存在一定的遗传差异(16SrRNA基因序列相似性为91.82%～98.93%)。其中菌株HQW7,HQYD1,HQWD4,HQE1和HQE2与相关模式菌株的16SrRNA基因最高相似度仅分别为91.82%,92.51%,92.99%,93.52%,93.87%,这5株菌可能代表新的分类单元。威海海域柄海鞘共附生细菌存在着较为丰富的物种多样性和系统发育多样性,并可能存在新的物种。     

In situ Pb and bulk Sr isotope analysis of the Yinchanggou Pb-Zn deposit in Sichuan Province (SW China): Constraints on the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids

The Yinchanggou Pb-Zn deposit, located in southwestern Sichuan Province, western Yangtze Block, is stratigraphically controlled by late Ediacaran Dengying Formation and contains >0.3 Mt of metal reserves with 11 wt% Pb + Zn. A principal feature is that this deposit is structurally controlled by normal faults, whereas other typical deposits nearby (e.g. Maozu) are controlled by reverse faults. The origin of the Yinchanggou deposit is still controversial. Ore genetic models, based on conventional whole-rock isotope tracers, favor either sedimentary basin brine, magmatic water or metamorphic fluid sources. Here we use in situ Pb and bulk Sr isotope features of sulfide minerals to constrain the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids. The Pb isotope compositions of galena determined by femtosecond LA-MC-ICPMS are as follows: ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.17–18.24, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.69–15.71, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.51–38.63. These in situ Pb isotope data overlap with bulk-chemistry Pb isotope compositions of sulfide minerals (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.11–18.40, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.66–15.76, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.25–38.88), and both sets of data plotting above the Pb evolution curve of average upper continental crust. Such Pb isotope signatures suggest an upper crustal source of Pb. In addition, the coarse-grained galena in massive ore collected from the deep part has higher ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (18.18–18.24) than the fine-grained galena in stockwork ore sampled from the shallow part (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.17–18.19), whereas the latter has higher ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (38.59–38.63) than the former (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.51–38.59). However, both types of galena have the same ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (15.69–15.71). This implies two independent Pb sources, and the metal Pb derived from the basement metamorphic rocks was dominant during the early phase of ore formation in the deep part, whereas the ore-hosting sedimentary rocks supplied the majority of metal Pb at the late phase in the shallow part. In addition, sphalerite separated from different levels has initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios ranging from 0.7101 to 0.7130, which are higher than the ore formation age-corrected ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of country sedimentary rocks (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_200 Ma = 0.7083–0.7096), but are significantly lower than those of the ore formation age-corrected basement rocks (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_200 Ma = 0.7243–0.7288). Again, such Sr isotope signatures suggest that the above two Pb sources were involved in ore formation. Hence, the gradually mixing process of mineralizing elements and associated fluids plays a key role in the precipitation of sulfide minerals at the Yinchanggou ore district. Integrating all the evidence, we interpret the Yinchanggou deposit as a strata-bound, normal fault-controlled epigenetic deposit that formed during the late Indosinian. We also propose that the massive ore is formed earlier than the stockwork ore, and the temporal-spatial variations of Pb and Sr isotopes suggest a certain potential of ore prospecting in the deep mining area.     

济阳坳陷内正断层与平移断层关系

以精细三维地震资料和构造解释成果为基础,通过将济阳坳陷内平移断层分成五个发育带,本文研究了各区带平移断层特征及其成因,并将正断层与平移断层的关系划分成了调节、派生、叠加三大类:调节关系包括平移断层斜断调节和变换调节正断层伸展,派生关系包括平移断层在两盘派生和在盖层中派生正断层,叠加关系包括断层先期平移一后期伸展和先期伸展一后期平移。晚中生代,济阳坳陷内断层形成于边界郯庐断裂的走滑作用,正断层与平移断层之间为派生关系;新生代,济阳坳陷受控于区域伸展应力场,平移断层形成于正断层的差异伸展,两种断层之间为调节关系;在上述两期构造演化中,若同一条断层经历了正断和平移两期变形,则称之为叠加关系。     

中国单一银(-金)矿主要类型及其地质特征

对我国单一银（-金）矿床地质特征、成因类型和空间分布特点进行了总结.以成矿作用和成矿地质条件为基础,矿床成因为依据,我国单一银（-金）矿床可分为：（1）变质（混合岩化）热液型矿床;（2）火山（含次火山）热液型银（-金）矿床;（3）岩浆-热液型银（-金）矿床;（4）地热水溶滤型银（-金）矿床.     

安徽怀宁泉涧冲银多金属矿床地质特征及找矿标志

安徽怀宁泉涧冲银多金属矿区位于长江中下游铜铁（多金属）成矿带黄梅-怀宁成矿区,区内董岭背斜核部洪镇岩体侵入形成“底辟侵入-伸展-层滑构造”构成本区的基本构造格架,与构造和岩浆热液作用有关的银铅锌多金属矿床普遍发育。通过对本矿区银多金属矿床地质特征及找矿标志的研究,认为炭硅质板岩与碳酸盐岩界面是有利的成矿部位,强烈的岩浆活动为成矿提供了大量含矿热液,北东向滑脱构造是本区主要的导矿、赋矿构造,特殊的构造部位是银多金属矿重要的赋存场所。     

引潮位展开的不同规格化形式及其转换

在引潮位展开过程中,为使大地系数的数值在不同阶次中保持相对稳定,对其进行规格化处理。从引潮位的基本理论公式出发,在分析缔合勒让德函数及其完全规格化的基础上,给出了引潮位展开中3类不同规格化(Doodson规格化、Cartwright & Tayler规格化、Hartmann & Wenzel规格化)公式的具体形式,得到3者之间的转换关系与转换系数。同时给出Doodson规格化中2~6阶规格化因子的具体数值,指出并改正Doodson、Roosbeek文献和IERS 2003、2010规范中的3处错误。