Integration of the nuclease protection assay with sandwich hybridization (NPA-SH) for sensitive detection of Heterocapsa triquetra

Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that function as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Some species of microalgae undergo rapid growth and cause harmful blooms in marine ecosystems. Heterocapsa triquetra is one of the most common bloom-forming species in estuarine and coastal waters worldwide. Although this species does not produce toxins, unlike some other Heterocapsa species, the high density of its blooms can cause significant ecological damage. We developed a H. triquetra species-specific nuclease protection assay sandwich hybridization (NPA-SH) probe that targets the large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA). We tested probe specificity and sensitivity with five other dinoflagellates that also cause red tides. Our assay detected H. triquetra at a concentration of 1.5×10⁴ cells/mL, more sensitive than required for a red-tide guidance warning by the Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries in 2015 (3.0×10⁴ cells/mL). We also used the NPA-SH assay to monitor H. triquetra in the Tongyeong region of the southern sea area of Korea during 2014. This method could detect H. triquetra cells within 3 h. Our assay is useful for monitoring H. triquetra under field conditions.     

Chemical constituents of marine medicinal mangrove plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sonneratia caseolaris</Emphasis>

Twenty-four compounds including eight steroids (1–8), nine triterpenoids (9–16, 24), three flavonoids (20–22), and four benzenecarboxylic derivatives (17–19, 23) were isolated and identified from stems and twigs of medicinal mangrove plant Sonneratia caseolaris. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Among these metabolites, compounds 1, 4–20 and 22–24 were isolated and identified for the first time from S. caseolaris. In the in vitro cytotoxic assay against SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells, compound 21 (3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) exhibited significant activity with IC₅₀ 2.8 μg/mL, while oleanolic acid (14), 3,3′-di-O-methyl ether ellagic acid (18), and 3,3′,4-O-tri-O-methyl ether ellagic acid (19) showed weak activity. None of these compounds displayed significant antibacterial activites. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30770234); Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-211-04); Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province (No.2006GG2205023)     

The chemical constituents from red alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnogongrus flabelliformis</Emphasis> Harv.

Eight compounds were isolated from red alga Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harv. In normal phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, reverse phase HPLC, and recrystallization. Based on MS and ID NMR spectroscopic data, their structures were determined as： stigmast-4-en-3-one （Ⅰ）, cholest-4-en-3-one （Ⅱ）, cholesterol （m）, uracil （Ⅳ）, uridine （V）, adenosine （Ⅵ）, succinic acid （Ⅶ）, and 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-on （Ⅷ）. All of them were obtained from this species for the first time. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was screened using standard MTT method, but all the compounds were inactive （IC50 〉 10 μg/ml）.     

生物固氮速率测定中15N2同位素示踪剂的引入

生物固氮作用是一个重要的海洋新氮来源,在海洋生物地球化学循环中扮演着不可替代的角色。基于稳定同位素（15N₂）示踪吸收法,是目前直接测定海洋生物固氮速率最有效的手段。其中,高效、洁净地将15N₂引入海水培养体系,并准确定量培养体系底物的同位素示踪水平,是同位素示踪吸收法准确获取固氮速率的关键。本研究针对15N₂同位素示踪剂引入这一关键环节进行了探讨,确认改进气泡法是将15N₂引入海水培养体系的首选操作。在对培养体系造成的较小扰动的情况下,可将培养体系氮气底物的15N原子丰度提升至10%以上,相对于另一种导入同位素示踪剂的手段——预溶解海水法,改进气泡法将培养瓶中氮气底物的15N原子丰度提升了近200%。此外,改进气泡法还具有最小化痕量金属沾污、操作简便等优点。将改进气泡法结合与稳定同位素比值质谱测定结合,是准确测定水体生物固氮速率的推荐方法。     

小锍试金－无火焰原子吸收法测定地质样品中超痕量金铂铑钯

将锍试金改成小锍试金，用小锍扣捕集法把分解样品同富集贵金属与分离基体成份结合在一起进行，炼得的锍扣经酸处理除去贱金属硫化物，富集的贵金属采用无火焰原子吸收光谱测定。取一份样可以测定Ａｕ、Ｐｔ、Ｒｈ和Ｐｄ。测定方法的特征质量（ｇ）：Ａｕ１．１×１０￣（－１１），Ｐｔ１．３×１Ｏ￣（－１０），Ｐｄ１．３×１０￣（－１１），Ｒｈ１．２×１０￣（－１１）；线性范围（ｇ／ｍｌ）：Ａｕ０～０．０４０，Ｐｄ和Ｒｈ为０～０．０５０，Ｐｔ为０～０．５０。方法用于超基性岩标样的测定，结果与推荐值相符。     

锍镍试金-等离子体质谱法测定地球化学勘探样品中的铂族元素和金Ⅰ．分析流程的简化

报道了一个改进的锍镍试金一等离子体质谱测定铂族元素和金的分析流程，用封闭溶解贵金属硫化物滤渣与同位素稀释法测锇相结合，解决了包括锇在内的全部铂族元素和金的测定，避免了锇的蒸馏分离和（或）单独测定，简化了分析流程，以适应大批量化探样品的要求，用所拟方法分析了标准物质中铂族元素和金，其结果与参考值相符。     

锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱法测定西太平洋富钴结壳中的铂族元素

根据西太平洋麦哲伦海山富钴板状结壳样品的成分特征，对常规的锍镍试金配方作了改进；酌情减少捕集剂羰基镍的加入量，可显著降低铂族元素的空白值。富集后的样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铂族元素（PGE）。其中，Ru、Rh、Pd、Ir和Pt用常规外标法测定，^175Lu作内标；Os用同位素稀释法测定。用国家一级标准物质GBW07290和GBW07291作监控分析质量的参考样，结果满足要求。     

四种沉水植物的克藻效应

设计一系列试验研究了四种沉水植物(金鱼藻、微齿眼子菜、苦草、伊乐藻)对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用．单独培养试验结果显示金鱼藻和微齿眼子菜具有较强的抑制藻类生长的作用,连续滴加种植水试验显示抑藻作用进一步加强．在植物的生长过程中其化感物质是连续释放的．并考察N、P等营养因素及微生物干扰对抑藻实验的影响．     

锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱法测定煌斑岩中铂族元素

试金配料中适量加入铁粉,控制硫化铁在锍扣中的含量在20%~40%,获得的锍扣直接用水浸泡粉化后加盐酸分解,分解结束后趁热过滤,沉淀用1mL王水溶解,定容后上机测定,Cs作内标。改进后的方法空白水平进一步降低,检出限得到显著改善,分析流程简化。采用改进后的锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱法测定了云南哀牢山金矿带煌斑岩和国家一级标准物质GBW 07288(GPt-1)、GBW 07290(GPt-3)中的铂族元素(PGEs)含量,方法检出限为0.001~0.01ng/g,精密度(RSD,n=5)为7.49%~16.6%。