无砟轨道水泥沥青砂浆破损修复技术

本文针对新北碚嘉陵江大桥无砟轨道水泥沥青砂浆破损存在的问题,提出了修复的原则,简述了修复的材料和工艺,以及修复工作的实施要点,并就修复工作提出建议。     

应用化学动力学法评价塔中地区志留系沥青生气潜力

我国西北部叠合盆地普遍存在沥青,而目前尚无沥青生气定量评价方法。针对这一问题,从沥青生气机理出发,将成功应用于有机质成油、成气及油成气生成量评价的化学动力学方法应用到沥青成气的评价中。建立了沥青成气及氯仿沥青"A"族组成成气动力学模型,并以塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系沥青砂为靶区,根据标定的动力学参数和靶区地热史进行地质应用。结果表明,研究区非烃成气进程相对较早,在埋深3 500 m左右转化率明显升高,其次为沥青质成气,饱和烃成气进程最晚,大约在埋深4 200 m处成气转化率显著升高。应用建立的模型计算研究区沥青砂生气结果显示,饱和烃成气、芳香烃成气、非烃成气和沥青质成气总量分别为8 160.68×108m3、6 573.21×108m3、9 719.3×108m3和5 926.82×108m3,累计生气总量达30 377.97×108m3。     

Stochastic micromechanical model of the deterioration of asphalt mixtures subject to moisture diffusion processes

The deleterious effect of moisture in the microstructure of asphalt mixtures, usually referred to as moisture damage, has been recognized as a main cause of early deterioration of asphalt pavements. The initiation and evolution of moisture‐related deterioration is strongly influenced by the internal air void structure of asphalt mixtures. Despite its importance, the majority of works conducted on the micromechanical modeling of asphalt mixtures overlook the role of the air void structure, mainly because of its high complexity and variability. This paper explores the influence of air void variability on the performance of asphalt mixtures subjected to moisture diffusion processes. A stochastic modeling technique based on random field theory was used to generate internal distributions of physical and mechanical properties of the asphalt matrix of the mixture that depend on probable air voids distributions. The analysis was conducted by means of a coupled numerical micromechanical model of moisture damage. The results showed that the variability and distribution of air voids are decisive in determining the moisture‐dependent performance of asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, it was also shown that a stochastic characterization of the diverse air void configurations is a feasible and useful approach to better represent and understand mechanically related deterioration processes in asphalt mixtures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微型钢管砂浆复合桩在土体中稳定性计算

微型钢管砂浆复合桩因纠偏受力明确、施工简单、工期短且加固费用低，被广泛用于基础加固托换。但小直径、大长度的微型钢管砂浆复合桩在土体中失稳破坏缺乏理论研究。故以弹性地基梁理论为基础，依据桩与地基土共同工作时的受力关系，建立微分方程求解。给出了微型钢管砂浆复合桩失稳承载力具体表达式，并与实际工程原位试验相比较，理论与试验结果接近；给出了最小临界计算长度的表达式指导工程施工；并运用Matlab编写程序计算分析了土与桩在不同的刚度比下不同桩长的失稳荷载，反映出土对微型钢管砂浆复合桩失稳约束力的影响程度。     

Experimental and analytical studies on earthquake resisting behaviour of confined concrete block masonry structures

To improve the seismic performance of masonry structures, confined masonry that improves the seismic resistance of masonry structures by the confining effect of surrounding bond beams and tie columns is constructed. This study investigated the earthquake resisting behaviour of confined masonry structures that are being studied and constructed in China. The structural system consists of unreinforced block masonry walls with surrounding reinforced concrete bond beams and tie columns. The characteristics of the structure include: (1) damage to blocks is reduced and brittle failure is avoided by the comparatively lower strength of the joint mortar than that of the blocks, (2) the masonry walls and surrounding reinforced concrete bond beams and tie columns are securely jointed by the shear keys of the tie columns. In this study, wall specimens made of concrete blocks were tested under a cyclic lateral load and simulated by a rigid body spring model that models non‐linear behaviour by rigid bodies and boundary springs. The results of studies outline the resisting mechanism, indicating that a rigid body spring model is considered appropriate for analysing this type of structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

便携式水泥灌浆数据记录仪

介绍一种便携式水泥灌浆数据记录仪的设计原理、框图、软硬件组成及试验结果，并分析了其性能特点。     

皖南—浙西下古生界碳沥青成因及南方海相“有效烃源岩”问题探讨

赋存于皖南—浙西的固体碳沥青分为古油藏裂解碳沥青和古油藏破坏次生充填碳沥青两种类型 ,阐明了两类碳沥青的不同成因机制。重新认定了浙西“康山沥青脉”为碳沥青而不是泥岩。论证了皖南、浙西碳沥青的烃源为下寒武统、中—上奥陶统至下志留统、中—上寒武统等。认为加里东运动—广西事件期间是下扬子盆地相区以下寒武统黑页岩为烃源的油藏形成和部分破坏的主要时期。针对南方的油气勘探 ,提出了只有在晚期成藏中作出贡献的源岩才是“有效烃源岩”的新概念。     

弹性波频谱分析对比法检测浆砌片石挡墙质量

大量的浆砌片石挡墙需要做快速质量检测,作者比较了弹性波速、瑞利面波和弹性波频谱分析3种方法后,认为后者分辨率高,方法简单,并做了几百个点的实测,获得成功。     

Base shear capping buildings with graphite‐lubricated bases for collapse prevention in extreme earthquakes

Damage or collapse of buildings vulnerable to seismic forces may cause human casualties, and seismic upgrading of such structures is a practical solution to this deficiency. The study presented here proposes a simple approach to prevent structural collapse by separating the superstructure from its foundation to let the superstructure slide during extreme ground shaking. The sliding mechanism contributes to cap the horizontal force exerted on the superstructure. In such approach, the key is to maintain the friction force between the superstructure and the foundation sufficiently low and stable. This research proposes to realize a controlled sliding mechanism, which acts as a structural fuse, by means of carbon powder lubrication at the bases of the structure's columns. The fundamental behaviour of the proposed structural system, named the base shear capping building, is investigated by shaking table tests and numerical simulation. Both experimental and numerical results showed that graphite lubrication is an efficient and robust lubrication material, maintaining the friction coefficient between the steel column bases and mortar foundation at around 0.16. The sliding at the bases significantly reduced the acceleration transmitted to the superstructure, keeping the base shear coefficient not greater than about 0.40. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

数字钻孔摄像在小浪底帷幕灌浆检测孔中的应用

为了评价帷幕灌浆效果,将数字钻孔摄像技术应用到小浪底水利枢纽3号灌浆洞3个灌浆质量检查孔中。通过数字钻孔摄像得到的孔壁图像资料, 对钻孔内发育的节理裂隙、破碎带和砂浆充填情况进行了分析研究,结果表明：?灌浆时浆液在外压下,主要沿连通性较好、延伸较远的裂隙向孔外岩体渗透。与渗流路径相连通的裂隙或延伸较短的裂隙,被浆液直接充填凝固后形成水泥结石。与渗流路径没有连通的裂隙则被忽略,或在灌浆压力下劈裂而部分充填,造成全充填、半充填和砂浆流出等几种充填效果;?破碎带充填与否主要与破碎带的规模、性质和与灌浆洞连通性有关。小浪底水利枢纽3号灌浆洞内的灌浆效果是明显的;将数字钻孔摄像技术应用于检查帷幕灌浆质量,分析灌浆浆液渗流路径,也是可行的。