巴什布拉克含铀地沥青铀矿床矿化特征和成矿机理

通过实地和显微镜观察、取样、分析测试等方法,取得大量实际资料,着重研究巴什布拉克矿床铀与石油产区含地沥青铀矿床之间等内在联系,利用所取得的大量数据对地沥青及其铀矿化特征和成矿机理予以讨论,认为巴什布拉克与石油密切相关的大型含地沥青铀矿床为一种既有承压水的层间氧化为主、又有潜水氧化,特别与石油热演化、油气破坏产物地沥青和油气还原（H2、CH4）、热液（水）蚀变、碳酸盐水洗、渗漏与扩散等因素有关的复成因类型。石油含铀和多金属,与其氧化为沥青增加对铀吸附性,以及存在还原性气体具有极强的还原铀能力有关,地沥青既具有在酸性介质中发生吸附铀,又能在弱碱性介质中还原铀的能力。     

高温冻土地区高等级公路片块石路基降温效果分析

基于长期、连续的地温观测数据,对位于共和至玉树高等级公路沿线、平均海拔为4 260 m且处于高温冻土区的片块石路基温度、热状态、冻融循环过程和冻土人为上限及变化速率等进行了分析,研究了沥青混凝土和水泥混凝土路面对片块石路基下伏多年冻土的影响,以期对其适用性进行评价。研究发现,沥青混凝土路面的铺设使路基吸收了较多的热量,促使下伏多年冻土升温,导致多年冻土快速退化。观测期内,高温冻土地区沥青混凝土路面下片块石路基中心冻土退化速率为33.5 cm/a,几乎是天然地基的5倍。而且路基阴阳坡效应严重,阳坡路肩冻土退化速率为33.0 cm/a,明显大于阴坡路肩(22.0 cm/a)。与沥青混凝土路面相比,水泥混凝土路面较高的热反射率、较小的热辐射吸收率,有利于抬升冻土上限或减缓冻土退化速率。但在观测期间,发现处于高温冻土区的高等级公路片块石路基在沥青混凝土路面下融化盘面积增长速率为12.24 m²/a,而在水泥混凝土路面下为9.28 m²/a,即融化盘面积以不同程度的速率始终在增大。因此,单纯的片块石层的存在和路面类型的改变,并未彻底解决高温冻土区高等级...     

Discrete element modelling of creep of asphalt mixtures

Creep tests on asphalt mixtures have been undertaken under four stress levels in the laboratory while the discrete element model (DEM) has been used to simulate the laboratory tests. A modified Burger’s model has been used to represent the time-dependent behaviour of an asphalt mixture by adding time-dependent moment and torsional resistance at contacts. Parameters were chosen to give the correct stress-strain response for constant strain rate tests in Cai et al. (2013). The stress-strain response for the laboratory creep tests and the simulations were recorded. The DEM results show reasonable agreement with the experiments. The creep simulation results proved to be dependent on both bond strength variability and positions of the particles. Bond breakage was recorded during the simulations and used to investigate the micro-mechanical deformation behaviour of the asphalt mixtures. An approach based on dimensional analysis is also presented in this paper to reduce the computational time during the creep simulation, and this analysis is also a new contribution.     

Bio-gentrification: vulnerability bio-value chains in gentrifying neighbourhoods†

In this paper, I develop the concept of “bio-gentrification” as a way to broaden critical theoretical debates on the relationship between gentrification and “social mixing” policies. Bio-gentrification weds urban Marxist political economic insights to the neo-Foucauldian notion of biopower. The former stresses spatial tactics of removal and displacement and value generated through land and property. The latter assesses a wider terrain of spatial tactics, their relationship to knowledge produced about humans as living beings, and their alignment with capitalist urbanization. The Vancouver example illuminates how social mixing “truths” and practices to which they are tied generate value by naturalizing human insecurity in situ and transforming the biological existence of disadvantaged peoples into raw material for profit through a process that can be conceptualized as a “vulnerability bio-value chain.” Bio-gentrification refers to the tension between removal and embedding of disadvantaged peoples and points to the need for a bio-gentrification politics to confront this dynamic.     

Interaction study of permafrost and highway along Qinghai-Xizang Highway

Qinghai-Xizang Highway crosses permafrost areas, sporadic permafrost areas and seasonal frozen soil areas. It is very important to study the engineering geology of frozen soil in construc-tion of cold regions engineering, and the choices of engineering st…     

沥青混凝土路面工程病害及防治技术浅析

本文根据我国的公路越来越多地采用沥青混凝土或改性沥青混凝土路面的实际情况,论述了沥青路面早期病害的原因,指出了我国沥青路面规范的不足,介绍了沥青路面病害因素的分析及预防措施。     

水泥-黄土注浆充填材料的试验研究

采空区危害巨大,目前主要采用注浆充填方式进行处置。水泥-粉煤灰浆液在采空区治理中得到了广泛的应用,但在一些采空区治理工程中,由于缺乏粉煤灰,需要寻找其他低成本的注浆材料。水泥-黄土浆液具有就地取材、工艺简单等优势,是替代水泥-粉煤灰浆液的首选。本文以陕西泾阳、甘肃兰州、山西吕梁黄土为研究对象,通过大量水泥-黄土浆液黏度、结石率、凝结时间、结石体强度等性质的试验,研究了水泥掺量、水固比、黄土类型、水玻璃掺量等因素对水泥-黄土浆液性质及其结石体强度的影响。试验结果表明：随黄土掺量的增加,结石体强度、浆体流动性降低,而凝结时间延长; 水泥-黄土浆液结石体早期强度较低,而后期强度增长较大; 黄土的地域性分布,造成水泥-黄土浆液性质差异较大,黄土的粒径越粗,结石体的强度越高; 与离石黄土浆液相比,马兰黄土浆液性能稳定,强度较高,更适宜于采空区充填注浆; 水玻璃的掺入,使浆液黏度增大,结石率提高,凝结时间缩短,强度减小。本研究成果为采空区注浆设计和施工提供了新的思路。     

Sustainable Construction Case History: Fly Ash Stabilization of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Material

A case history is described where Class C fly ash was used to stabilize recycled pavement material (RPM) during construction of a flexible pavement in Waseca, MN, USA. The project consisted of pulverizing the existing hot-mix asphalt (HMA), base, and subgrade to a depth of 300 mm to form RPM, blending the RPM with fly ash (10% by dry weight) and water, compacting the RPM, and placement of a new HMA surface. California bearing ratio (CBR), resilient modulus (M_r), and unconfined compression (q_u) tests were conducted on the RPM alone and the fly ash stabilized RPM (SRPM) prepared in the field and laboratory to evaluate how addition of fly ash improved the strength and stiffness. After 7 days of curing, SRPM prepared in the laboratory had CBR ranging between 70 and 94, M_r between 78 and 119 MPa, and q_u between 284 and 454 kPa, whereas the RPM alone had CBR between 3 and 17 and M_r between 46 and 50 MPa. Lower CBR, M_r, and q_u were obtained for SRPM mixed in the field relative to the SRPM mixed in the laboratory (64% lower for CBR, 25% lower for M_r, and 50% lower for q_u). In situ falling weight deflectometer testing conducted 1 year after construction showed no degradation in the modulus of the SRPM, even though the SRPM underwent a freeze–thaw cycle. Analysis of leachate collected in the lysimeter showed that concentrations of all trace elements were below USEPA maximum contaminant levels.     

Backcalculating pavement structural properties using a Nelder–Mead simplex search

A structural integrity assessment technique of pavements that considers the backcalculation of material properties is herein proposed. In order to carry out the backcalculation, a Nelder–Mead simplex (NMS) search is applied to estimate the elastic moduli of layered structures using the deflection data simulated by falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests. In order to utilize a forward calculation engine of the numerical simulation in the FWD testing, a wave analysis program of layered pavement systems is used based on a spectral element method. The performance of the NMS inversion technique is evaluated based on a comparison with the Levenberg–Marquardt method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青藏公路多年冻土段沥青路面热量平衡及路基稳定性研究

为彻底了解和治理青藏公路多年冻土段路基病害，选择昆仑山垭口和66道班两种不同并土类型路段，首次在沥青路面上开展路面辐射和热量平衡观测，并同时和路旁天然场地自然下垫面进行同项目的对比观测，通过观测和计算，研究了不同冻土类型路沥青路面下热量收支状况及路基热量年周转，找出了致使路基沉陷及产生融化核的根本原因，并对路基内融化核形成演化及其稳定性进行分析，计算了路基下人为上限达到最大深度及所需时间和融化核的最终稳定厚度，为青藏公路整治提出了可行性措施。