1995年日本新泻北部M6.0地震及其由地震烈度和地下水地热异常分布所揭示的隐伏地震断层

1995年日本新泻北部M6.0地震发生在新泻地震空区的东部边缘.由于此次地震震源较浅(10 km),造成了55栋房屋倒塌、165栋房屋半倒.通过计算倾倒墓碑的地震矩,对本区地震烈度进行了分析,发现烈度6度区(据日本JMA度)为一覆盖面积6.1×1 km2,呈NNE-SSW向分布的条带,表明震中区的冲积平原下存在一条隐伏断层.震中区地下水的温度、电导率和Cl-浓度等异常区与呈线性分布的6度烈度区大致吻合,也有力地证明了震中区下面存在一条隐伏断层.这次地震可能是由高压型热水系沿隐伏活动断层喷溢引起.带着高温的高压热水降低了岩石的断裂强度,从而触发了地震.     

可可西里——东昆仑活动构造带强震活动研究

青海昆仑山口西 8.1级地震发生在具有新生性特征的可可西里—东昆仑活动断裂带上。该断裂带在 190 0年以来的 10 0多年中经历了一个强震活动过程。在该强震活动过程中 ,地震沿整个可可西里—东昆仑活动构造带分段破裂 ,强震的破裂长度和震级之间大致满足对数线性的统计关系 ,强震活动呈现指数型时间分布的加速特征。这种强震加速活动特征可以用含多个震源体的孕震系统的强震成组活动模型给予解释。     

河套断陷带大青山山前断裂晚第四纪古地震完整性研究

通过沿大青山山前断裂 18个探槽的古地震分析 ,分别确定了 5个段落的 2 2次古地震事件。呼和浩特段 ,距今约 1.9万a以来 7次 ,平均重复间隔时间 (2 4 6 2± 4 13)a ;毕克齐段距今 2 .2万a以来 4次 ;土左旗西段距今 1.1万a以来 4次 ,平均重复间隔时间 (2 94 8± 5 6 0 )a ;土右旗西段距今约 1.1万a以来 5次 ,平均重复间隔时间 (2 2 89± 36 0 )a ;包头段距今 2 .3万a以来 2次。由断层位移量限定法和多探槽校验法判定 ,大青山山前断裂已揭露的古地震事件还不完全代表晚第四纪全断裂的大地震活动历史。只有在呼和浩特段 1.9万a以来、土左旗西段和土右旗西段约 1.1万a以来活动历史基本完整。其它两个段落不完整。这是用这些古地震资料评价该断裂未来地震危险性 ,以及今后进一步工作时应注意的问题。     

河南省文峪金矿床构造控矿规律研究

峪金矿床是小秦岭金矿带内一大型金矿床，属韧—脆性叠加剪切带石英脉型金矿，构造是其首要控矿因素。早期韧性剪切带只对矿脉起宏观控制作用。晚期的脆性断裂为含金石英脉的直接控矿构造。成矿期脆性断裂的多次继承性活动分别控制了热液期4个成矿阶段。脆性断裂形成的空间形态对矿体形态产状具控制作用。有利的矿化富集部位为：①显示压扭性质的近东西向断裂沿走向产状变化处，沿倾向由陡变缓处，断裂面的凹凸转变处；②断裂分支复合部位；③成矿期断裂多次脉动的启张部位；④成矿期断裂构造继承性活动强的部位等。在构造控矿研究的基础上，结合前人部分研究成果。构建了该矿床构造控矿模式。     

Characteristics of Tectonic Deformation and Mechanisms for the Active Maxianshan-Xinglongshan Fault System in the Lanzhou Area

A detailed investigation permitted us to obtain quantitative data concerning fine geometric structures of 4 faults of the active Maxianshan-Xinglongshan fault system and the latest movement along them. Of them the northern Maxianshan border fault is a large-scale, strongly active Holocene reverse sinistral strike-slip fault, the other 3 faults, the southern Maxianshan border fault and the southern Xinglongshan border and the northern Xinglongshan border faults are the accompanying active late-Pleistocene thrust faults, which are incorporated into the main strike-slip fault, the northern Maxianshan border fault at depth. It is the most important earthquake-controlling fault in the Lanzhou area, the fault influences and constrains the seismic activity in the area.     

湖泊水下扇沉积特征及影响因素--以伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组为例

伊通盆地莫里青断陷始新统双阳组发育典型的湖泊水下扇体。根据岩心、测井和地震资料 ,并结合粒度分析等方法 ,将其划分为内扇、中扇和外扇亚相及某干微相。影响水下扇形成和分布的主要因素是 :同生断裂的活动造就了陡坡地形 ,其幕式活动成为水下扇形成的触发机制 ;阵发型水下扇主要发育在陡坡带 ,稳定型水下扇主要发育在扇三角洲的前端 ,气候因素也为稳定型水下扇形成创造了物源条件 ;基准面升降影响着水下扇的相序特征 ,低水位体系域和水退体系域易形成推进型水下扇 ,水进体系域易形成退缩型水下扇 ;半深湖 -深湖的滞水条件是水下扇得以保存的前提。统计结果表明本区获工业油气流的井主要集中在中扇 ,其中辫状水道微相最为富集。     

Re-discussion on the Jiaochang Arcuate Structure, Sichuan Province, and the Seismogenic Structure for Diexi Earthquake in 19331

The Jiaocbang arcuate structure is one of the numerous arcuate structural belts in Sichuan. The present paper gives a further argument about the characteristics of that arcuate structure and the new activity of the Songpinggou fault and affirms that the Songpinggou fault is an active fault in the Holocene epoch. The Diexi M7.5 earthquake took place in 1933 on the west wing of that arcuate structure, near the apex of the arc. Many authors have given quite different opinions about the genetic structure of that earthquake. The authors have made on-the-spot investigations time and again over recent years. Besides this, the authors have also further studied the shape of intensity contour lines, the distribution characteristics of ground surface seismic hazards, the left-lateral dislocation of buildings along the Songpinggou fault, the NWtrending ground fissures that developed on the ground surface after earthquake, and so on. On this basis, it is still considered that the seismogenic fault of the 1933 Diexi M7.5 earthquake was the Songpinggou fault on the west wing of the Jiaochang arcuate structure.     

Recurrence characteristics of late-quaternary strong earthquakes on the major active faults along the northern border of Ordos block

Through study on trenches, analysis of recurrence characteristics and recurrence interval cluster/gap of strong earthquakes along the major active faults on the northern border of Ordos block, we found 62 paleoearthquakes that occurred in the late Quaternary, including 33 earthquakes occurring in the Holocene. The recurrence characteristics of the paleoearthquakes are different at three levels, segments, faults, and fault zones. The strong seismic sequence on the independent segments is mostly characterized by long- and short-interval recurrences, while that on the faults and in fault zone is characterized clearly by random and cluster recurrences. Results of the moving window test indicate that the probabilities of "temporal cluster or gap", caused by random coincidence as opposed to intersegment contagion, are 64% and 70% for the Serteng piedmont fault and for the south-border fault of Wula Mountains, respectively, no clear interaction among the segments of each fault; while the probability is 26.8% for the whole fault zone, suggesting a clear interaction among the faults of this fault zone. These recurrence characteristics may imply an effect of the entire block motion on the recurrence of strong earthquakes. Moreover, the elapsed time for the Wujumeng Pass-Dongfeng Village segment of Serteng piedmont fault and the Tuzuo Banner-Wusutu and the Hohhot segments of Daqingshan piedmont fault has exceeded the average recurrence interval, hence these three segments may be the possible places for future strong earthquakes.     

喜马拉雅造山带中段定结地区拆离断层

定结地区位于喜马拉雅造山带中段,发育大量的低角度伸展拆离断层,这些拆离断层中部分构成了藏南拆离系的主体。它们基本上垂直于造山带走向伸展,各拆离断层特征显著,普遍发育糜棱岩,糜棱岩类型复杂,主要有硅质糜棱岩、长英质糜棱岩、花岗质糜棱岩。在研究区的北部,拆离断层呈环状产出,构成变质核杂岩三层结构中的中间层,规模一般较大;同时拆离断层使变质核杂岩体盖层中的部分地层拆离减薄;在研究区南部拆离断层呈线状延伸很远,总体上平行造山带延伸,构成了藏南拆离系重要组成部分。部分拆离断层同韧性剪切带平行产出,形成拆离剪切的脆韧性体系。     

吐哈盆地中央构造带正反转演化特征

吐哈盆地中央构造带由火焰山构造和七克台构造组成。中央构造带形成于三叠纪晚期至侏罗纪早期,表现为伸展构造特征,生长断层上盘地层厚度明显大于下盘,并于断层上盘所在的台北凹陷形成沉降中心。晚侏罗世,由于拉萨陆块与欧亚大陆的碰撞作用导致吐哈盆地由伸展盆地转变为挤压盆地,中央构造带也于此时发生构造反转,由早期的伸展正断层转变为挤压逆断层。发生于55Ma的喜山构造事件对天山地区产生了深刻的影响,但影响时间略有滞后,大致发生在晚渐新世至早中新世,中央构造带即在此次构造事件中强烈变形,逆冲出露于地表。