Generation of spatially nonuniform ground motion for nonlinear analysis of a concrete arch dam

An accelerometer array at Pacoima Dam with three locations along the base and abutments recorded ground motion from a magnitude 4.3 earthquake on 13 January 2001. These records present an opportunity to study spatial nonuniformity for the motion in a canyon. Topographic amplification is characterized by ratios of response spectral displacement between locations, and seismic wave travel times are studied using cross‐correlation functions to obtain delays. Results of the analysis of the 2001 earthquake records are used to generate ground motion for the 1994 Northridge earthquake to replace records that were not able to be fully digitized. The ground motion generated for the Northridge earthquake is used as input to a finite element model of Pacoima Dam. The response of the model is consistent with observations of Pacoima Dam after the Northridge earthquake. Comparison of the response due to nonuniform input with the response due to uniform input demonstrates the importance of accounting for spatial nonuniformity because of the significance that the pseudostatic component has for the response to nonuniform input. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山西峨嵋台地的挤压型地裂

考察了山西峨嵋台地万荣城区一带的挤压型地裂,发现其呈北西-南东的条带状,1985年发生,至今仍在发展。地裂带上墙砖、水泥地砖拱曲翘起,水泥地面条带状拱曲,土体发育呈波浪条带状垅岗;墙体开裂,墙体裂缝中间宽上下两头细,地裂带上X型破裂发育。分析了万荣城区一带地裂的特征,讨论了万荣挤压型地裂的力学成因机制。     

用角差前方交会法配合光电测距快速定位桥墩

首次推导出角差前方交会的方式，在桥墩定位的施工现场，可简便、快速地求得持定点的坐标偏离值。该方法精度高，适用于各种定位，特别是深水桥墩浮运物的快速精密定位更具优越性。     

拱坝WES堰流量系数的验证分析

结合拱坝的水工模型试验,对小桥墩的设置、出口堰宽的变化等因素对拱坝WES堰流量系数的影响进行了对比试验和分析,并得出了相应的结论。     

塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起于奇地区哈拉哈塘组油气成藏机制

于奇地区是塔里木盆地塔河油区外围重要的油气勘探地区。研究结果表明:区内哈拉哈塘组油源主要来自阿克库勒凸起南部寒武系—下奥陶统烃源岩,油源充足,具有一定的勘探潜力;原油总体具有油质较轻、含硫量较低但含蜡量较高的特点;天然气属于典型的伴生气;圈闭类型主要为低幅度的构造圈闭,油气分布主要受低幅度背斜和断层所控制;区内储层至少发生了3次油气注入成藏期,即侏罗纪—白垩纪、古近纪古新世晚期—始新世和古近纪渐新世早期—新近纪中新世;成藏机制可归结为油气多期充注和多期次生成藏,燕山期为圈闭的形成与油气藏初步建立阶段,喜山期为圈闭的定型与油气藏重建阶段,成藏模式为它源-双向排烃-多期次生成藏或古生新储-双向排烃-多期次生成藏。     

钢管混凝土拱桥的材料非线性地震反应分析

采用组合单元和双单元法对钢管混凝土进行材料非线性分析,给出两种方法的恢复力模型曲线,并分别用这两种方法对某大跨度钢管拱桥进行非线性地震反应分析,结果表明,两种元法的分析结果比较接近,故都是非线性分析的有效方法;同线性分析结果相比较表明材料非线性对钢管混凝土拱桥的抗震性能影响足显著的。     

Seismic analysis and design of rigid bridge abutments considering rotation and sliding incorporating non-linear soil behavior

A two-dimensional (2D) finite element analytical model is developed to analyze the seismic response of rigid highway bridge abutments, retaining and founded on dry sand. A well verified finite element code named FLEX is used for this purpose. The proposed model has the following characteristics: (1) The soil (dry sand in this study) is modeled by a 2D finite element grid; (2) The bridge abutment is molded as a rigid substructure; (3) The strength and deformation of the soil are modeled using the viscous cap constitutive model. This model consists of a failure surface and hardening cap together with an associated flow rule. The cap surface is activated for the soil under the wall to represent compaction during wall rocking. In addition, viscoelastic behavior is provided for representing the hysteretic-like damping of soil during dynamic loading; (4) Interface elements are used between the wall and the soil (at the backface of the wall and under its base) to allow for sliding and for debonding/recontact behavior; (5) The finite element grid is truncated by using an absorbing boundary approximation. Using this boundary at both sides of the grid simulates the horizontal radiation of energy scattered from the wall and the excavation. Shear beams are placed adjacent to the lateral boundaries from each side which give the far-field ground motion, for comparison with those computed adjacent to the boundaries. The analytical model is verified comparing predictions to results from dynamic centrifuge tests, with satisfactory agreement. The proposed model is used to study the dynamic response of an 8.0 m high and 3.0 m wide rigid bridge abutment (proportioned using the traditional approach to design) for different sinusoidal and earthquake acceleration input motions. The results from the analysis show that outward tilting of rigid bridge abutments is the dominant mode of response during dynamic shaking and that these abutments end up with a permanent outward tilt at the end of shaking. The results from all the analyzed cases of the 8.0 m high gravity retaining wall together with those from the analysis of the tilting wall centrifuge tests are discussed and used for proposing a practical method for evaluating the seismic response of rigid abutments during earthquakes.     

大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥非线性抗震性能研究

基于OpenSees平台建立钢管混凝土拱桥动力分析模型,并与Midas Civil模型结果进行比对。通过一条强震记录下的IDA分析,得到钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋横桥向非线性地震性能,比较拱肋采用弹性梁单元和纤维梁单元两种模型的拱脚弯矩时程曲线和拱顶位移时程曲线,分析拱肋关键截面屈服机理,绘制它们的曲率IDA曲线和拱顶位移IDA曲线。研究结果表明:横桥向在强震作用下拱脚和拱顶不一定先屈服,而是在拱肋截面突变或有集中质量连接处,在设计时需重点考虑;随着地震动增大,先是与横撑连接处拱肋首先屈服,然后是拱脚和拱顶位置,最后向整个拱肋扩展,拱肋非线性性能良好,仍有一定的抗震储备能力。     

黏性土桩间土拱效应计算与桩间距分析

土拱效应是安全经济地发挥抗滑桩等非连续支挡结构的支护功能的重要前提,桩间距与成拱作用密切相关。利用合理拱轴线几何特征与受压破裂角方位,通过力学概念分析,将黏性土土拱计算的平衡条件和强度条件综合简化为以拱脚处拱圈轴向压应力表达的形式。继而从最少且最易获得的土工材料参数（内聚力c、内摩擦角?）出发,根据轴向压应力与矢跨比函数关系,利用摩尔-库仑强度准则,推导了拱曲线与桩间距上下限的简便计算式,再以此进一步探讨了考虑土拱效应三维稳定的桩间距校核,并以工程实例验证,以对土拱效应的估算提供简便清晰的计算方法。     

大跨度拱桥地震动输入模式研究

地震动输入是大跨度桥梁地震反应分析的重要一环。从明确大跨度拱桥的临界跨度入手,探讨了大跨度拱桥地震动输入模式中的行波效应、三向输入及其地震动选取问题。基于某大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥,建立了有限元分析模型,考查了行波效应及三向地震动输入对拱关键截面内力、减隔震支座位移及粘滞阻尼器冲程的影响。结果表明:给出的大跨度拱桥临界跨度确定方法合理,行波效应对拱顶轴力有重要影响,不考虑三向地震动同时作用会明显低估大跨度拱桥的地震反应。确定大跨度拱桥地震动输入模式时需考虑行波效应与三向地震动同时输入。