Efficient non-linear seismic analysis of arch dams

An approximate procedure for seismic analysis of concrete arch dams which is based on the smeared crack method is described. Features include construction sequence modelling, water and foundation interaction, crack formation, opening and closing of joints and cracks, frictional sliding, presence of shear keys, action of internal water pressure, and a reliable solution algorithm. Complete solutions can be obtained in an hour on a fast workstation computer, allowing parameter studies to be run. Results suggest that an arch dam can suffer significant cracking during strong ground shaking and still remain stable. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新西海桥的非线性地震响应分析

本文讨论了日本第一座公路钢管混凝土拱桥——主跨230m的新西海桥的非线性地震响应特性。采用三维有限元计算模型,用纤维单元法考虑钢管混凝土的材料非线性,用P-δ效应考虑几何非线性,讨论了在纵桥向地震作用、横桥向地震作用以及纵、横桥两方向同时作用情况下该桥的非线性地震响应特性和抗震性能。计算表明,在纵桥向地震作用时轴力的作用显著,拱脚附近产生的内力较大;而横桥向地震作用时轴力和面外弯矩作用显著,拱脚以及拱肋与桥面连接附近产生的内力较大;横向地震响应远大于纵向地震响应;应考虑纵、横桥向地震力共同作用的影响。     

拱坝-坝肩三维可视化建模和稳定性分析

拱坝是一种很重要的坝型,具有体型优美、投资省等优点,但是其对坝肩岩体要求很高,因此,为了了解拱坝-坝肩整体安全性状,采用FLAC大变形软件对拱坝-坝肩稳定性进行了三维研究分析。由于FLAC软件前处理有所欠缺,因此采用AUTOCAD和ANSYS联合进行三维地质可视化建模,AUTOCAD用于基本数据信息的处理,ANSYS对基本数据信息进行再加工得到单元模型,然后把单元模型转入到FLAC做数值计算。通过计算分析,得出了有益的结论。     

全站扫描点云支持下的铁路隧道横断面快速提取及变形分析

使用全站扫描仪对采动区的铁路隧道进行扫描,在分析了测边后方交会设站扫描方法精度的基础上对拱形隧道的变形进行了研究,提出了通过拱形隧道的拱顶轴线完成横断面快速提取的方法。该方法基于高程差异获得隧道拱顶点集,而后采用随机采样一致算法对其处理并对处理后的点云拟合得到拱顶轴线,以该轴线方向作为横断面的法向完成横断面点集的快速提取,并基于所提取横断面点集获得横断面轮廓线并计算隧道变形。使用全站扫描仪的点云数据进行试验并进行变形分析。结果表明该方法能够完成对拱形铁路隧道横断面的快速提取,并且所提取的横断面能够反映隧道变形情况。     

Contours of saturated and unsaturated overhanging slopes at limiting equilibrium condition

Overhangs are frequently observed in riverbanks, coastal headlands, and rock formations. The geometry of an overhang is an input into most slope stability analyses and is often idealised or back-calculated from empirical data. This study investigates the geometries of overhang slopes, which exist while in limiting conditions satisfying static equilibrium with soil strength governed by the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The overhanging contour is formulated as the unknown in a boundary value problem and solved for using the slip line theory. Analyses consider nonhomogeneous soils, where cohesion and, if unsaturated, the contribution of suction to the effective stress vary linearly with depth. The solutions are presented in general dimensionless charts. Applications of the charts are illustrated via examples. It has been observed that soil with varying amounts of friction and cohesion could develop overhanging arches of different sizes and shapes. This study shows that the curvature of an overhang becomes more pronounced for small values of φ′ . It is also demonstrated that changing the contribution of suction to the effective stress has a direct impact on the size of an unsaturated soil overhang. Overhanging slope shapes observed in reality may be different from the idealised subset studied in this paper since real slopes are not necessarily at impending failure. The real shapes may be influenced by various physical processes such as weathering, stress variations caused by cycles of wetting-drying. Even so, the results presented in the paper indicated how key soil properties influence slope shapes, albeit it while in limiting conditions.     

地基变形模量对碾压混凝土拱坝应力分布的影响

以贵州省鱼简河水利工程为背景, 在拟定坝址区地质模型和边界条件的基础上, 建立拱坝与地基相互作用的三维数学力学模型, 应用ANSYS软件研究不同变形模量对拱坝应力分布的影响.结果表明: (1) 最大主应力主要分布于坝底部位及软弱夹层附近; (2) 中间软层变形模量的大小对拱端与拱冠应力影响较大; 中间软弱层变形模量小于0.5 GPa时, 其应力差异较大; (3) 当地基为3种材料时, 最大拉压应力不是位于中间软弱层的顶部, 而是位于距离软弱层顶约10~15 m的位置, 这一结论对拱坝优化设计与坝基处理提供很好的理论依据.      

淳安南浦大桥抗震性能研究

浙江淳安南浦大桥跨径大(308m),宽跨比小(1／19．81),该桥的面外刚度小于面内刚度。采用反应谱方法对该桥进行抗震性能的分析,结果表明该桥在地震荷载作用下的结构内力大于车辆荷载作用下的内力。     

Study on Structure of Arched Longitudinal Beams of Deep-Water Wharf

High-pile and beam-slab quays have been widely used after several years development.They are mature enough to be one of the most important structural types of wharves in China coastal areas. In order to accommodate large tonnage vessels, wharves should be constructed in deep water gradually. However, conventional high-pileand beam-slab structures are hard to meet the requirements of large deep-water wharf.According to arch''s stresscharacteristics, a new type of wharf with catenary arched longitudinal beams is presented in this paper. The new wharf structure can make full use of arch''s overhead crossing and reinforced concrete compression resistance, improve the interval between transverse bents greatly, and decrease underwater construction quantity. Thus, the construction cost cab be reduced. Take the third phase project of the Yangshan Deep-water Port for example, comparative analysis on catenary arched longitudinal beams and conventional longitudinal beams has been made. The result shows that with the same wharf length and width, the same loads and same longitudinal beam moment, catenary arch structure can improve the interval between bents up to 28 m, decrease the number of piles and underwater construction quantity.     

多点激励下大跨度连续钢桁架柔性拱桥空间地震响应分析

基于多自由度空间结构体系地震响应分析的基本理论,利用ANSYS建立空间有限元模型,采用动力时程分析法分析某大跨度连续钢桁架柔性拱桥在一致和非一致激励作用不同地震工况下的空间地震响应。研究结果表明:非一致激励作用下,拱肋轴力、主桁弯矩峰值出现在拱脚和边墩附近;地震波组合输入较其单向输入拱脚轴力和面内弯矩最大分别可达1.28和8.32倍;非一致输入较一致激励作用拱脚轴力和面内弯矩分别可达2.5和8.4倍;地震波横向输入较纵向输入横向位移峰值比可达2.4倍,纵向输入较横向输入纵向位移峰值比可达2.6倍;结构的支座形式对结构构件地震响应结果也有一定影响;建议大跨度钢桁拱桥抗震设计应充分考虑地震波的空间和时间效应。     

基于比例边界有限元方法的拱坝子结构分区形式研究

比例边界有限元方法是一种半解析的数值计算方法,具有降维、网格灵活、严格模拟无限域和无需基本解等特点。比例边界有限元方法的基本理论是在整体坐标与局部坐标的比例边界转换基础之上建立的,相似中心的选取是否合理对分析计算具有重要的影响,导致在模拟拱坝这种不规则的空间壳体结构时,具有一定的局限性。采用子结构方法,将坝体分为若干满足相似性要求的区域可解决上述问题,以某拱坝为例给出了合理的坝体子结构分区形式,验证了子结构方法的精确性,为建立基于比例边界有限元方法的坝体-库水-地基系统的计算模型奠定了基础。