全文获取类型
收费全文 | 211篇 |
免费 | 32篇 |
国内免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 32篇 |
大气科学 | 16篇 |
地球物理 | 55篇 |
地质学 | 82篇 |
海洋学 | 22篇 |
天文学 | 6篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
自然地理 | 40篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 6篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 15篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有270条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
11.
采用水量平衡模型和Penman公式分别计算了珠江流域七个子流域1961—2000年实际蒸散发(I_(ETa))和潜在蒸散发(I_(ETp)),并对供水条件变化下I_(ETa)与I_(ETp)的关系进行了定量化分析,对各子流域I_(ETa)和I_(ETp)关系的理论从属性进行判定,主要结论如下:1)珠江流域年实际蒸散发量远低于潜在蒸散发量,多数子流域I_(ETa)值不到I_(ETp)值的1/2。7个流域面积加权平均I_(ETa)为681.4 mm/a,I_(ETp)为1 560.8 mm/a。从蒸散发的变异性来看,则实际蒸散发I_(ETa)的变异性明显要高于潜在蒸散发I_(ETp)。2)东江、西江、北江、柳江和盘江等5个流域实际蒸散发I_(ETa)都与降水量呈现正相关关系,韩江、郁江两个流域I_(ETa)随降水变化的变化趋势不明显。各子流域的潜在蒸散发I_(ETp)与降水量呈现显著负相关关系。7个子流域平均情况下,随着降水量的增加,I_(ETa)呈现明显的增加趋势,而I_(ETp)呈现明显的下降趋势。3)通过对降水量P与实际蒸散发I_(ETa)及潜在蒸散发I_(ETp)的联合回归方程P-IET回归系数的T检验,判定韩江、柳江和盘江等三个子流域以及七流域面积加权平均I_(ETa)与P和I_(ETp)与P的关系满足理论意义上的严格互补相关;东江、西江、北江等三个流域I_(ETa)与P和I_(ETp)与P的关系满足"非对称"互补相关。4)基于极端干旱和极端湿润的边界条件,推导出非对称条件下的实际蒸散发互补相关理论模型。 相似文献
12.
以洞庭湖典型湿地植物辣蓼为目标植物,短尖苔草为邻近植物,通过控制实验研究不同水位(30、0和-30 cm)和竞争(无竞争、全部竞争、地上竞争和地下竞争)模式下目标植物生长及生态化学计量特征的变化.结果表明:水位处理显著影响不同竞争模式下的生物量积累,辣蓼生物量随水位增加显著降低;-30 cm水位无竞争模式下生物量最大,为10.84±1.52 g.在30 cm和0 cm水位梯度下,不同竞争模式下的生物量间无显著差异.但-30 cm水位下,地下竞争模式下的辣蓼生物量积累较全竞争模式和地上竞争模式下显著增多,说明非胁迫条件下,辣蓼和苔草的竞争以地上竞争为主.水位处理对辣蓼叶片、茎和根的氮、磷含量影响显著,30 cm水位下,叶片氮、磷含量显著高于其他水位下的含量.在-30cm水位下,叶片C∶N和C∶P显著高于其他水位下的比值,分别为48.08±3.85、590.3±43.4.相比于对照处理(无竞争),竞争作用下的辣蓼总氮含量降低,而C∶N值增加,N∶P值降低,这可能是因为竞争作用导致辣蓼对氮的吸收减少所致. 相似文献
13.
Rachel E. Adams Ayumi Hyodo Toby SantaMaria Cynthia L. Wright Thomas W. Boutton Jason B. West 《水文研究》2020,34(4):991-1003
Questions persist about interpreting isotope ratios of bound and mobile soil water pools, particularly relative to clay content and extraction conditions. Interactions between pools and resulting extracted water isotope composition are presumably related to soil texture, yet few studies have manipulated the bound pool to understand its influence on soil water processes. Using a series of drying and spiking experiments, we effectively labelled bound and mobile water pools in soils with varying clay content. Soils were first vacuum dried to remove residual water, which was then replaced with heavy isotope-enriched water prior to oven drying and spiking with heavy isotope-depleted water. Water was extracted via centrifugation or cryogenic vacuum distillation (at four temperatures) and analysed for oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios via isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Water from centrifuged samples fell along a mixing line between the two added waters but was more enriched in heavy isotopes than the depleted label, demonstrating that despite oven drying, a residual pool remains and mixes with the mobile water. Soils with higher clay + silt content appeared to have a larger bound pool. Water from vacuum distillation samples have a significant temperature effect, with high temperature extractions yielding progressively more heavy isotope-enriched values, suggesting that Rayleigh fractionation occurred at low temperatures in the vacuum line. By distinctly labelling bound and mobile soil water pools, we detected interactions between the two that were dependent on soil texture. Although neither extraction method appeared to completely extract the combined bound and mobile (total water) pool, centrifugation and high temperature cryogenic vacuum distillations were comparable for both δ2H and δ18O of soil water isotope ratios. 相似文献
14.
Assessing the ‘two water worlds’ hypothesis and water sources for native and exotic evergreen species in south‐central Chile
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《水文研究》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
P. Hervé‐Fernández C. Oyarzún C. Brumbt D. Huygens S. Bodé N. E. C. Verhoest P. Boeckx 《水文研究》2016,30(23):4227-4241
Recent studies using water‐stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) have suggested an ecohydrological separation of water flowing to streams or recharging groundwater and water used by trees, known as the ‘two water worlds’ (TWW) hypothesis. In this study, we measured water isotopic composition in precipitation [open field and throughfall, i.e. local meteoric water line (LMWL)] and the mobile water compartment (i.e. stream and soil solution), bulk soil water and xylem water over a period of 1.5 years in two headwater catchments: NF, covered with old growth native evergreen forest (Aetoxicon punctatum, Laureliopsis philippiana and Eucriphya cordifolia), and EP, covered with 4 and 16‐year‐old Eucalyptus nitens stands. Our results show that precipitation, stream and soil solution plot approximately along the LMWL, while xylem waters from all studied tree species plot below the LMWL, supporting the TWW hypothesis. However, we also found evidence of ecohydrological connectivity during the wet season, likely controlled by the amount of antecedent precipitation. These observations hold for all investigated tree species. On both sites, a different precipitation source for stream and xylem water was observed. However, in EP, bulk soil showed a similar precipitation source as xylem water from both E. nitens stands. This suggests that E. nitens may use water that is recharging the bulk soil compartment. We conclude that under a rainy temperate climate, the TWW hypothesis is temporal and does not apply during wet seasons. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
综合糙率是采用曼宁公式确定河道水位和流量关系的关键参数。在河道冰封期,冰盖的出现增加了流动的阻力,明流条件下确定的综合糙率不再适用,需要重新估算。基于Einstein阻力划分过流断面的原理,冰盖下矩形河道的过水断面可划分为冰盖区、河床区和边壁区。根据总流的连续性方程,在确定各分区糙率系数、水力半径和断面面积的基础上,提出了冰盖下矩形河道综合糙率的计算公式。采用已有的试验水槽测量数据和天然河道实测资料对公式进行了验证,结果表明:公式计算的综合糙率与实测值吻合较好,与Einstein公式和Sabaneev公式相比,计算精度更高;对于冰封水流,宽浅河道采用分区水深代替水力半径进行简化计算的条件有别于明渠水流,在宽深比大于20时,计算结果才满足精度要求。 相似文献
16.
Cindy Lee Robert A. Armstrong J. Kirk Cochran Anja Engel Scott W. Fowler Madeleine Goutx Pere Masqu Juan Carlos Miquel Michael Peterson Christian Tamburini Stuart Wakeham 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(18):1363-1368
The MedFlux project was devised to determine and model relationships between organic matter and mineral ballasts of sinking particulate matter in the ocean. Specifically we investigated the ballast ratio hypothesis, tested various commonly used sampling and modeling techniques, and developed new technologies that would allow better characterization of particle biogeochemistry. Here we describe the rationale for the project, the biogeochemical provenance of the DYFAMED site, the international support structure, and highlights from the papers published here. Additional MedFlux papers can be accessed at the MedFlux web site (http://msrc.sunysb.edu/MedFlux/). 相似文献
17.
18.
Abstract The vertical profiles of streamwise velocities are computed on flood plains vegetated with trees. The calculations were made based on a newly developed one-dimensional model, taking into account the relevant forces acting on the volumetric element surrounding the considered vegetation elements. A modified mixing length concept was used in the model. An important by-product of the model is the method for evaluating the friction velocities, and consequently bed shear stresses, in a vegetated channel. The model results were compared with the relevant experimental results obtained in a laboratory flume in which flood plains were covered by simulated vegetation. 相似文献
19.
Computer flow simulations using the HEC-2 step-backwater routine are used to demonstrate the effect of systematically varying river channel width, riffle spacing and channel roughness on the shear velocity, section-mean velocity and energy slope in fixed-bed pool-riffle sequences. Initial scaling is obtained by utilizing published information on hydraulic parameters within reaches of the River Severn. Subsequently this restriction is relaxed and the effect of varying parameter combinations within realistic limits is explored. The purpose of this exercise is to isolate those scenarios which may preclude or promote the occurrence of a competence ‘reversal’, such that pools scour at high flow whilst deposition occurs on riffles. It is concluded that rivers in which pools are hydraulically rougher than riffles are likely to demonstrate a competence reversal. For prescribed conditions, the critical discharge at which a reversal occurs is a negative function of riffle spacing and riffle width relative to pool width. Downstream variation in hydraulic roughness also has implications for the phase relationship of shear velocity maxima and minima in relation to the extremes in pool-riffle topography. 相似文献
20.
晚石炭世腕足动物古生物地理区形成机制—环境控制论 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
晚石炭世腕足动物地理分布以及散布过程受环境控制。在控制腕足动物地理分布的诸多环境因素中,温度是首要因素,板块构造亦具巨大影响。在腕足动物散布过程中,温度的驱赶作用,洋流的携带作用,海浸与海退等环境因素犹如传送带一样,将腕足动物(幼虫)携带到能满足其生态需要的生存、繁衍场所。腕足动物具快速散布的潜能,该潜能的发挥取决于环境。由于研究的类别以及其所处地质年代不同,各种环境因素控制作用的主次地位可能变更。这就是环境控制论的主要内容。 相似文献