浅议测井曲线在松树头煤矿含水层解释中的应用

以松树头煤矿水文地质勘查为例,介绍了测井曲线在含水层解释中的应用。实例表明,自然伽马、自然电位和视电阻率三种曲线对含水层具有明显的异常反应,在含水层中,前二种曲线表现为负异常,后者表现为正异常;对于隔水层,前二种曲线则表现为正异常,而视电阻率表现为负异常。根据测井解释成果与钻孔消耗量、岩心及抽水试验资料相互印证,解释松树头煤矿ZK5-2钻孔368.30～406.42m段,从上到下依次为含水层、隔水层、含水层、隔水层四段。另外,从实例应用的三种曲线可知,视电阻率曲线对于岩石粒度及含水层具有明显的响应特征,极差高达117Ω.m。     

辐射沙洲南翼“水道-沙洲”系统与西太阳沙的稳定

通过对江苏岸外辐射沙洲动态和西太阳沙海域动力泥沙环境的分析,论述了西太阳沙演变的宏观背景;由实测固定断面资料、地形资料的对比得出近40年来西太阳沙表面形态和水下地形的变化;结合西太阳沙表面泥沙在波浪和波流共同作用下运动特性的水槽试验研究,分析了西太阳沙冲淤变化的动力机制。从“烂沙洋水道-西太阳沙-西太阳沙南水道”系统的角度研究了西太阳沙演变的控制因素和演变规律。     

大变形有限元法分析边坡稳定性

边坡稳定性分析的重要任务是确定边坡潜在滑面的位置及相应的安全系数,鉴于坡体位移可在现场监测中直接得到,提出边坡潜在滑面确定的位移判据,采用大变形有限元首先计算出边坡的位移场,然后在开挖面的不同高度作塑性区内的水平位移参考线,依次连接参考线上的位移突变点即得到边坡失稳的潜在滑面位置,分析滑面上的应力以及岩体抗剪强度即得到边坡的整体安全系数。     

深部大变形回采巷道围岩拉压分区变形破坏的模拟研究

为研究深部回采巷道围岩大变形破坏规律,在地质力学评估及矿压显现特征实测的基础上,采用真三轴相似模拟方法,模拟了不同加载梯度下巷道围岩应变特征。结果显示,在浅埋静水压力条件下,巷道围岩呈现“浅部拉应变、深部零应变”的特征;深埋静水压力及初掘采动应力下巷道围岩出现“径向应变拉压交替分布”现象;当采动应力集中系数大于2时,深埋巷道围岩应变进入非线性大应变状态。采用FLAC3D的应变软化模型与摩尔-库仑模型,对比研究了深部回采巷道围岩位移、塑性区分布规律。结果表明,应变软化条件下,巷道围岩产生拉、压分区破坏且软化后的围岩位移与实测结果更吻合。综合研究结果,揭示了深部回采巷道围岩拉、压分区的产生机制,初步提出了注浆、喷层等措施,防止过度应变软化引起深部回采巷道围岩大变形,为类似巷道稳定性控制提供了一定的参考。     

广东岩溶区某输电塔桩基稳定性数值模拟分析

采用数值模拟手段研究了广东某岩溶区输电塔桩基与下伏溶洞协同变形的规律。通过不同位置应力、位移、塑性区变化监测,发现覆盖层部分应力分布较均匀,受溶洞影响较小,但溶洞围岩应力变化较大,溶洞顶板出现较大的向下弯曲变形,桩底下移明显,特别是当桩基荷载较大且下伏覆溶洞埋深较浅时,溶洞顶板将可能失稳,进而引起桩基破坏。不同嵌岩深度桩基变形特征表明,桩基嵌岩深度与溶洞变形具有正相关关系。     

Mechanisms of riverbank failure along the Arno River,central Italy

Riverbanks along the Arno River have been investigated with the aims of de?ning the main mechanisms of failure and retreat, their spatial distribution, and their causes. Geomorphological aspects were investigated by a reconnaissance of riverbank processes, for a number (26) of representative sites. Laboratory and in situ tests were then performed on a selected number of riverbanks (15). Based on the material characteristics, six main typologies of riverbanks have been de?ned, with homogeneous ?ne‐grained and composite banks representing the most frequent types. Slab‐type failures are the most frequent mechanism observed on ?ne‐grained banks, while cantilever failures prevail on composite banks. The role of river stage and related pore water pressure distributions in triggering the main observed mechanisms of failure has been investigated using two different types of stability analysis. The ?rst was conducted for 15 riverbanks, using the limit equilibrium method and considering simpli?ed hypotheses for pore water pressure distribution (annulment of negative pore pressures in the portion of the bank between low water stage and peak stage). Stability conditions and predicted mechanisms of failure are shown to be in reasonably good agreement with ?eld observations. Three riverbanks, representative of the main alluvial reaches of the river, were then selected for a more detailed bank stability analysis, consisting of: (a) de?nition of characteristic hydrographs of the reach with different return periods; (b) modelling of saturated and unsaturated ?ow using ?nite element seepage analysis; and (c) stability analysis with the limit equilibrium method, by adopting pore water pressure values derived from the seepage analysis. The results are compared to those obtained from the previous simpli?ed analysis, and are used to investigate the different responses, in terms of stability, to different hydrological and riverbank conditions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

邯邢矿区奥陶系灰岩上部注浆改造技术

注浆改造是华北型煤田下组煤开采的有效防治水技术之一。但是目前该项技术只能解决浅部上组煤问题,随着采深的增大,注浆改造煤层底板薄层灰岩含水层已不能满足安全开采条件。以东庞矿下组9号煤开采为例,分析了奥陶纪峰峰组岩溶含水层富水特征,研究了对奥陶系顶部进行注浆改造的可行性和相关技术问题,得出,对东庞矿奥灰上部进行注浆改造在技术上是可行的,合理的注浆改造厚度为40 m。试验性注浆结果表明,钻孔涌水平均堵水率达到74%,注浆效果良好,并提出了下一步防治水工作建议。     

雾化雨入渗影响下岩质边坡的流固耦合分析

借鉴不饱和渗流的研究方法,参考考虑雾化雨入渗的数学模型和应用有限元软件ABAQUS,分析了雾化雨入渗影响下边坡位移场和渗流场的变化,以及雾化雨入渗对岩体高边坡稳定性的影响。将该方法应用于某水电站大型岩体高边坡工程,得到具有重要工程指导意义的结论和建议。结果表明,雾化雨入渗使得坡体发生了较为明显的变形,且入渗量越大边坡的变形越大,应加强坡面的保护,最大限度地减小雨水入渗,降低雾化雨入渗对边坡的影响。     

Lysosomal membrane stability and metallothioneins in digestive gland of Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.) as biomarkers in a field study

The lysosomal membrane destabilization and the metallothionein content in the digestive gland cells of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.), collected along the east coast of the North Adriatic (Istrian and Kvarnerine coast, Croatia), were examined over a period of four years (1996–1999). The lysosomal membrane stability, as a biomarker of general stress, showed that the membrane labilization period in mussels from polluted, urban- and industrial-related areas was significantly decreased (p<0.05) when compared to mussels from control, clean sea water sites. In the harbour of Rijeka, the most contaminated site, the lysosomal membrane stability was reduced by more than 70% compared to the control. This method also proved to be a useful biomarker for detection of additional stress caused by short-term hypoxia that occurred once during this study inside the polluted and periodically quite eutrophic Pula Harbour. The concentration of metallothioneins in the mussel digestive gland, as a specific biomarker of exposure to heavy metals, did not reveal significant differences (p<0.05) between sites covered by this study.     

城市岩溶地质调查及评价方法探讨——以浙江杭州市为例

中国城市地质调查中的岩溶地质调查及评价方法处于探索阶段,目前尚缺技术规范与工作指南.笔者基于杭州城市的岩溶地质特征和杭州经济社会对岩溶地质调查的需求,以基本查明城区岩溶地质特征、岩溶塌陷重点区的稳定性评价为目标,采用充分利用前人资料、补充调查、重点解剖的工作思路,地质、物探及钻探、模糊层次分析评价相结合的工作方法,较大地提高了本区岩溶地质特征、岩溶塌陷预测的研究程度.并在开展调查及评价实践的同时,对工作方法进行了积极探索与初步研究.