新疆双峰山浅成低温热液金矿床特征与成矿机制

双峰山矿床位于新疆东天山北部西伯利亚板块陆缘晚古生代岛弧南部边缘，靠近克拉麦里板块缝合带．该矿区早石炭世浅海相玄武一安山质熔浆喷溢转为陆相流纹质熔浆喷发初期，火山热泉沿NW-NWW向线形管道(F2)形成以低Au品位硅质岩为中心的蚀变矿物晕(带)；火山间隙性隐爆，潜火山热液于硅质岩裂隙间发育微细石英(冰长石)网脉，构成矿体．这两个成矿阶段同源同位的蚀变矿物晕(带)套叠，显示双峰山矿床蚀变分带与成矿模式，从上至下为隐爆硅质角砾岩化带、低Au品位硅质岩化带、石英(冰长石)网脉带(矿体)、黄铁矿蒙脱石化带和青磐岩化带．铅、硫同位素和稀土元素等研究表明，该矿床成矿流体与晚古生代岛弧早石炭世流纹质熔浆的陆相喷发相联系：火山热泉循环形成蚀变晕阶段加入大气降水，潜火山热液成矿阶段发育的低温微细石英网脉含冰长石和绢云母，它是一处晚古生代火山地区冰长石-绢云母型浅成低温热液金矿床。     

峨嵋玄武岩流体包裹体中铂钯的测定方法研究

峨嵋玄武岩同生流体包裹体在800℃爆裂后，2．0g／L NH4Cl溶液提取流体中Pt、Pd，C-410树脂富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定，方法相对误差小于25％。激光拉曼光谱与四级质谱测定包裹体的气液成分结果表明：流体中存在一定量的有机组分，这对Pt、Pd以有机螯合态形式进入流体提供了可能。     

安徽铜陵矿集区海底喷流沉积体系的流体包裹体微量元素对比

铜陵矿集区与铜-金(多金属)矿床有关的热液活动主要有两大体系。即与海西期海底喷流沉积有关的热液体系和与矽卡岩矿化有关的燕山期岩浆热液体系。查明这两类热液体系的流体包裹体特征对区域找矿和矿床成因研究都有实际意义。在包裹体岩相学研究基础上，应用ICP-MS技术和热爆提取方法，研究了新桥、冬瓜山、峙门口、铜官山、朝山等矿床具代表性的热液石英中流体包裹体的微量元素、稀土元素特征。结果表明，两类热液体系在流体包裹体特征上有较大的区别，在流体的微量元素和稀土元素特征方面也很不相同。海底喷流沉积体系的热液石英中流体包裹体与岩浆热液体系的相比。稀土总量较高，LREE／HREE比值较大，δEu不明显。且Mo／(W Sn)比值较高，反映流体中成矿物质的深源特征；Ga／T1、Rb／Cs大。Zr／Hf低，也不同于岩浆热液体系。     

潜水面变动的空间四面体单元网格自动生成方法

提出了一种由平面三角网格自动生成三维空间四面体单元网格的方法,其基本思路是将含水层平面分成三角形单元网格,将每个三角形沿垂直方向对应一个三棱柱,作为最初的三棱柱;依次将每个三棱柱按照潜水面位置和分层信息划分成不同数目的四面体,从而生成三维空间四面体单元网格。剖分结果表明,此方法综合考虑了潜水面的位置和各含水层顶底板的起伏情况,能够简洁地生成层面起伏的空间四面体网格,特别适用于刻画潜水面波动、含水层顶底板起伏和存在透镜体或岩性缺失等含水层结构复杂的情况下,自动地剖分并生成单元信息,为三维计算的实现奠定了基础。     

南秦岭十里坪锑矿床成矿时代及成因的初步研究

十里坪锑矿床受赵川陆缘隆_滑构造的主滑脱拆离带的控制。矿体呈脉状赋存于韧_脆性主滑脱带上部的脆性次级断层_节理中,矿石类型主要为萤石石英辉锑矿型。围岩为太古宙_元古宙变质岩系,围岩蚀变弱。成矿流体属H2O_CO2_NaCl体系,流体包裹体盐度w(NaCleq)为3.6%～11.3%,均一温度为109～232℃,形成压力大致为800×105Pa。硫、铅同位素研究表明,矿质主要来源于变火山岩围岩;氢、氧同位素显示,成矿流体以大气降水为主,初步将该矿床定为变质岩源就地式大气降水热液矿床。矿石中萤石Sm_Nd等时线年龄为(392±24)Ma,与南秦岭北部晚古生代拗陷区热水喷流_沉积成矿时代相一致,它们都形成于秦岭微板块泥盆纪非造山裂解阶段。     

Genesis of Kanggur Gold Deposit in Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, NW China: Fluid Inclusion and Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Constraints

Abstract. Primary fluid inclusions in quartz and carbonates from the Kanggur gold deposit are dominated by aqueous inclusions, with subsidiary CO₂-H₂O inclusions that have a constant range in CO₂ content (10–20 vol %). Microthermometric results indicate that total homogenization temperatures have a wide but similar range for both aqueous inclusions (120 to 310C) and CO₂-H₂O inclusions (140 to 340C). Estimates of fluid salinity for CO₂-H₂O inclusions are quite restricted (5.9∼10.3 equiv. wt% NaCl), whereas aqueous inclusions show much wider salinity ranging from 2.2 to 15.6 equivalent wt %NaCl.
The 6D values of fluid inclusions in carbonates vary from -45 to -61 %, in well accord with the published δD values of fluid inclusions in quartz (-46 to -66 %). Most of the δ¹⁸O and δD values of the ore-forming fluids can be achieved by exchanged meteoric water after isotopic equilibration with wall rock by fluid/rock interaction at a low water/rock ratio. However, the exchanged meteoric water alone cannot explain the full range of δ¹⁸O and δD values, magmatic and/or meta-morphic water should also be involved. The wide salinity in aqueous inclusions may also result from mixing of meteoric water and magmatic and/or metamorphic water.     

Methane-rich fluid inclusions in skarn near the giant REE–Nb–Fe deposit at Bayan Obo, Northern China

We report fluid inclusion data for skarn, formed at the contact between Hercynian granitoids and dolomite of the Proterozoic Bayan Obo Group, in the vicinity of Bayan Obo REE–Nb–Fe deposit, Inner Mongolia, China. Three types of fluid inclusions are identified: two-phase CH₄-rich, three-phase liquid–vapour–solid and two-phase aqueous inclusions. Using microthermometry and laser Raman microprobe analysis to calculate isochores for CH₄-bearing inclusions, we estimate fluid trapping conditions at T=280 to 344 °C and P<1 to 2.3 kbar. Such conditions are compatible with formation of CH₄ inclusions as a result of reaction between graphite in the country rocks (black slate sequence) and fluids derived from magma. The lack of carbonaceous material in the inclusions supports the hypothesis that CH₄ was generated during fluid migration rather than by in situ reaction. In contrast to the skarn, and despite the fact that similar graphite-bearing slates are found in the host rocks, no CH₄-bearing inclusions have been so far reported from Bayan Obo REE ores. We therefore conclude that the skarn-forming fluids in the contact aureole of the Hercynian granitoids were not involved at any stage in the formation of the Bayan Obo deposit.     

Environmental impact of an urban landfill on a coastal aquifer (El Jadida, Morocco)

The El Jadida landfill is one among many uncontrolled dumping sites in Morocco with no bottom liner. About 150 tons/day of solid wastes from mixed urban and industrial origins are placed directly on the ground. At the site of this landfill, the groundwaters circulate deeply (10–15 m) in the Cenomanian rock (calcareous–marl), which is characterised by an important permeability from cracks. The soil is sand–clay characterized by a weak coefficient of retention.The phreatic water ascends to the bottom of three quarries, which are located within the landfill. These circumstances, along with the lack of a leachate collection system, worsen the risks for a potential deterioration of the aquifer.To evaluate groundwater pollution due to this urban landfill, piezometric level and geochemical analyses have been monitored since 1999 on 60 wells. The landfill leachate has been collected from the three quarries that are located within the landfill. The average results of geochemical analyses show an important polluant charge vehiculed by landfill leachate (chloride = 5680 mg l⁻¹, chemical oxygen demand = 1000 mg l⁻¹, iron = 23 000 μg l⁻¹). They show also an important qualitative degradation of the groundwater, especially in the parts situated in the down gradient area and in direct proximity to the landfill. In these polluted zones, we have observed the following values: higher than 4.5 mS cm⁻¹ in electric conductivity, 1620 and 1000 mg l⁻¹ respectively in chlorides and sulfate (), 15–25 μg l⁻¹ in cadmium, and 60–100 μg l⁻¹ in chromium. These concentrations widely exceed the standard values for potable water.Several determining factors in the evolution of groundwater contamination have been highlighted, such as (1) depth of the water table, (2) permeability of soil and unsaturated zone, (3) effective infiltration, (4) humidity and (5) absence of a system for leachate drainage. So, to reduce the pollution risks of the groundwater, it is necessary to set a system of collection, drainage and treatment of landfill leachates and to emplace an impermeable surface at the site of landfill, in order to limit the infiltration of leachate.     

Apports de la méthode sismique réflexion haute résolution à l'identification des structures profondes des formations tertiaires en Médoc (Gironde,France) : implications hydrogéologiques

Near Bordeaux (France), the Oligocene aquifer is a potential target for drinking water supply. A high-resolution seismic campaign and several exploration wells helped to clarify the geometry of this formation and, as a consequence, the Medoc Tertiary aquifers. The major information extracted from these new data is the existence of a soft deformation inducing two different deposit areas, showing different hydrogeological characteristics (thickness, type, hydraulic properties, etc.). The presence of an erosional gap area affecting the Oligocene formations lead us to propose a new image of groundwater flow in the area, in the context of a predicted intensive exploitation of this resource. To cite this article: F. Larroque, A. Dupuy, C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

聚合物溶液在地下连续墙施工中的试验研究

简要叙述了一种新型地下连续墙施工稳定液——聚合物溶液的研制及其与细分散泥浆性能的对比，这种新型聚合物溶液克服了目前使用的地下连续墙稳定液品种单一、性能较差的缺点，满足复杂地层的地下连续墙施工需要。同时阐述了这种稳定液的组成成分和性能及其主要特点。