Mode analysis of structures using the Fourier p-element method

The Fourier p-element method is an improvement to the finite element method, and is particularly suitable for vibration analysis due to the well-behaved Fourier series. In this paper, an iteration procedure is presented for solving the resulting nonlinear eigenvalue problem. Three types of Fourier version shape functions are constructed for analyzing the circular shaft torsional vibration, the plate in-plane vibration and annular plate flexural vibration modes, respectively.The numerical results show that this method can achieve higher accuracy and converge much faster than the FEM based on polynomial interpolation, especially for higher mode analysis.     

Central Configurations of the Symmetric Restricted 4-Body Problem

We consider the symmetric planar (3 + 1)-body problem with finite masses m ₁ = m ₂ = 1, m ₃ = µ and one small mass m ₄ = . We count the number of central configurations of the restricted case = 0, where the finite masses remain in an equilateral triangle configuration, by means of the bifurcation diagram with as the parameter. The diagram shows a folding bifurcation at a value consistent with that found numerically by Meyer [9] and it is shown that for small > 0 the bifurcation diagram persists, thus leading to an exact count of central configurations and a folding bifurcation for small m ₄ > 0.     

Three-Dimensional p–q Resonant Orbits Close to Second Species Solutions

The purpose of this paper is to study, for small values of , the three-dimensional p–q resonant orbits that are close to periodic second species solutions (SSS) of the restricted three-body problem. The work is based on an analytic study of the in- and out-maps. These maps are associated to follow, under the flow of the problem, initial conditions on a sphere of radius around the small primary, and consider the images of those initial points on the same sphere. The out-map is associated to follow the flow forward in time and the in-map backwards. For both mappings we give analytical expressions in powers of the mass parameter. Once these expressions are obtained, we proceed to the study of the matching equations between both, obtaining initial conditions of orbits that will be 'periodic' with an error of the order ^1–, for some (1/3,1/2). Since, as 0, the inner solution and the outer solution will collide with the small primary, these orbits will be close to SSS.     

Geoid determination using one-step integration

A residual (high-frequency) gravimetric geoid is usually computed from geographically limited ground, sea and/or airborne gravimetric data. The mathematical model for its determination from ground gravity is based on the transformation of observed discrete values of gravity into gravity potential related to either the international ellipsoid or the geoid. The two reference surfaces are used depending on height information that accompanies ground gravity data: traditionally orthometric heights determined by geodetic levelling were used while GPS positioning nowadays allows for estimation of geodetic (ellipsoidal) heights. This transformation is usually performed in two steps: (1) observed values of gravity are downward continued to the ellipsoid or the geoid, and (2) gravity at the ellipsoid or the geoid is transformed into the corresponding potential. Each of these two steps represents the solution of one geodetic boundary-value problem of potential theory, namely the first and second or third problem. Thus two different geodetic boundary-value problems must be formulated and solved, which requires numerical evaluation of two surface integrals. In this contribution, a mathematical model in the form of a single Fredholm integral equation of the first kind is presented and numerically investigated. This model combines the solution of the first and second/third boundary-value problems and transforms ground gravity disturbances or anomalies into the harmonically downward continued disturbing potential at the ellipsoid or the geoid directly. Numerical tests show that the new approach offers an efficient and stable solution for the determination of the residual geoid from ground gravity data.     

Mapping Soils,Vegetation, and Landforms: An Integrative Physical Geography Field Experience*

Students in a graduate seminar at Michigan State University produced a series of detailed vegetation, soils, and landform maps of a 1.5‐square‐mile (3.9 km²) study area in southwest Lower Michigan. The learning outcomes (maps) and skill development objectives (sampling strategies and various GIS applications) of this field‐intensive mapping experience were driven by the assumption that students learn and understand relationships among physical landscape variables better by mapping them than they would in a classroom‐based experience. The group‐based, problem‐solving format was also intended to foster collaboration and camaraderie. The study area lies within a complex, interlobate moraine. Fieldwork involved mapping in groups of two or three, as well as soil and vegetation sampling. Spatial data products assembled and used in the project included topographic maps, a digital elevation model (DEM), aerial photographs, and NRCS (National Resource Conservation Service) soil maps. Most of the soils are dry and sandy, with the main differentiating characteristic being the amount of, and depth to, subsurface clay bands (lamellae) or gravelly zones. The presettlement (early 1830s) vegetation of the area was oak forest, oak savanna, and black oak “barrens.” Upland sites currently support closed forests of white, black, and red oak, with a red maple, dogwood, and sassafras understory. Ecological data suggest that these oak forests will, barring major disturbance, become increasingly dominated by red maple. This group‐based, problem‐solving approach to physical geography education has several advantages over traditional classroom‐based teaching and could also be successfully applied in other, field‐related disciplines.     

系统理论在泥石流研究中的应用刍议

泥石流的形成及发生是一个很复杂的过程,它是自然环境和人文环境两大因子的综合产物,单凭泥石流学科本身的相关理论是无法对其产生机制、发生过程及动力特征等进行深入的研究。系统科学的引入,给泥石流研究注入了新的活力,虽还未得到广泛应用,但已经取得了相当的进展。例举系统科学的一些主要理论在泥石流研究中的现状,根据当前泥石流研究的进程及趋势,提出系统理论在未来泥石流研究中的主要发展方向。     

微硅粉(纳米硅)水泥注浆技术在地质灾害防治中的应用

介绍了微硅粉(纳米硅)浆材的基本性能，应用微硅粉浆材处理基础的不均匀沉降等地质灾害，解决了工程实际问题。     

可扩展性的公路空间数据库方案设计

以开放、通用为指导思想，提出了建立一个具有良好可扩展性公路空间数据库的建议，阐述了公路实体网络和分析公路数据库结构数据实体的关系；使用数据字典设计了专题属性标准数据表，从而实现公路管理专题的扩展；提出了灵活可变的图形的属性结构，实现公路实体属性扩展；运用动态分段理论完成网络图的建立和维护，实现了核心层图形数据的动态更新。     

我国第一颗业务型地球静止气象卫星FY-2C

20 0 4年 1 0月 1 9日 ,我国在西昌卫星发射中心成功发射了第一颗业务型地球静止轨道气象卫星FY 2C ,该星定位于 1 0 5°E赤道上空 ,工作状况良好。文章介绍了中国FY 2C卫星携带仪器的技术特点以及地面应用系统。     

2002年12月广西寒潮过程特征及数值预报产品的释用

对2002年12月25～27日全区性寒潮天气过程爆发前后的形势进行分析,认为横槽南摆是造成这次过程的主要原因,而低纬度南支槽的配合加剧了过程的降温、降水;通过对数值预报产品的解释应用,得到一些预报全区性寒潮的指示信息。