石膏热学性质的实验研究

用差示扫描１热仪测定石膏（ＣａＳＯ＿４·２Ｈ２Ｏ）的脱水活化能；用红外光谱仪研究掺入微量Ｅｕ￣（３＋），Ｍｎ￣（２＋），Ｐｂ￣（２＋）后，在不同温度煅烧下产物的红外光谱图，并测定其热发光性质；对石膏以及掺杂后的热学性质进行了讨论。     

地壳岩石与矿物的流变性研究综述

地壳岩石与矿物的流变性主要受温度的控制，其次是受其成分的控制。在深部地壳高温环境下，岩石和矿物的流变性较强，应变相对均匀分布。在浅部地壳中，它们的粘滞性及各自间的粘滞性比显著增强，而流变性减弱，应变逐渐集中于适合流变和变形的岩石与矿物。流变性的这种变化导致了露头各种构造形迹的变化，如皱、布丁和剪切带等，以及各种显微构造特征的变化（如：变形矿物、压力影和膝折等）。岩石与矿物的这种物性概念在地质学中的运用，实质是将构造变形样式的形成机理分析趋于定量化和综合研究。     

蘑菇状金伯利岩体上视电阻率异常特征

简要论述了选择低阻蘑菇状模型模拟金伯利岩体的地质依据,着重分析了联合剖面装置、对称四极测深ρ_3异常特征。     

Reflection and transmission ofSH waves in an initially stressed medium consisting of a sandy layer lying over a fluid-saturated porous solid

Biot's theory is employed to study the reflection and transmission ofSH waves in a sandy layer lying over a fluid-saturated porous solid half-space. The entire medium is considered under constant initial stress. Effects of sandiness, initial stress, anelasticity and viscosity of the interstitial fluid on the partitioning of energy are studied. In the presence of initial stress the incident wave starts attenuating when incider beyond a certain angle (depending upon the amount of initial stress), even if the medium is perfectly clastic. Anelasticity of the solid layer results in the dissipation of energy during transmission. The direction of attenuation vector of incident wave affects the dissipation energy to a large extent. Effect on partitioning of energy reverse at incidence after the critical angle. A complete account of energy returmed back to the underlying half-space and that which is dissipated in the overlying layer has been discussed analytically as well as numerically.     

侵入带对视电阻率的影响

利用混合法研究了侵入带的三种模式——台阶型、斜坡型、具有低阻环带的侵入带对电位电极系视电阻率的影响。其目的, 一是确定常用的台阶型侵入带引入的误差, 二是研究细致地探测侵入带的方法。研究结果一方面表明了考虑过渡带和低阻环带可以提高测井解释的准确度,另一方面也为用多电极系电阻率测井探测侵入带提供了理论依据。     

Flow Characteristics of Large-Scale Liquefaction-Slip of the Loess Strata in Shibei Tableland, Guyuan City, Induced by the 1920 Haiyuan M8 1/2 Earthquake

Based on the dynamic triaxial liquefaction test of the loess samples which are taken from Shibei tableland, Guyuan City, Ningxia, China, the characteristics of dynamic strain, dynamic stress and pore water pressure are studied under cyclic loading. Triaxial shear test is conducted immediately after the sample reaches liquefaction point. During the test, the property of the liquefied soil is analyzed through fluid mechanics method, whereby the fluidity of the liquefied soil is represented by apparent viscosity.The results show that the fluidity of liquefied loess changes from "shear thickening" to "shear thinning" as the shear force continues, and the fluidity of liquefied loess is closely related to its structure. In addition, in the process of forming a new stable state, the apparent viscosity and deviant stress change with axial strain in a similar approach. When the sample reaches its stable state, it meanwhile shows a relatively stable apparent viscosity. According to the fluid mechanics and the law of conservation of energy, the slip distance of the liquefied soil is estimated, and the results are in good agreement with the field investigation results.     

采用辐照度基法对FY-1C气象卫星可见近红外通道进行绝对辐射定标

介绍另一种在轨卫星传感器绝对辐射定标——辐照度基法定标,并利用敦煌辐射校正场对FY-1C卫星可见近红外通道进行定标。通常的反射率基法定标,表观反射率计算的一个重要误差来源是对气溶胶散射的近似计算。辐照度基法定标采用实际测量的漫射与总辐射比来代替辐射传输计算的气溶胶散射。利用该方法对FY-1C卫星的5次定标结果表明,大部分日期辐照度基法和反射率基法定标结果非常吻合,肯定了辐照度基法的正确性,但在气溶胶含量较大时,辐照度基法提高定标精度的优点显现出来,能够减少辐射传输模式对气溶胶散射计算带来的误差,提高最终的绝对辐射定标精度。     

利用宽频带数字地震记录测定谱震级

谱震级是表征地震强弱的量度,是地震学研究中的一个重要的地震参数。在地震预测和工程地震研究中具有重要的实际意义。谱震级测定还可得到地震辐射的能量,再通过和标量地震矩的比较,可以估计地震震源处的视应力,而视应力也是震源物理研究中一个重要的物理量。考虑到我国地震台网分布不均匀的情况,本文尝试利用单台的宽频带波形资料进行谱震级的测定。选用CDSN昆明地震台(KMI)记录的近震宽频带波形资料,分析地震图垂直分量上的P波,采用 Duda等人提出的谱震级的测定方法,改进并提出了一种能够利用宽频带波形资料,直接用速度谱值测定地震谱震级的方法。所得谱震级结果与ISC给出的Ms震级对比后,发现相差不大;所得的能量结果与NEIC用远震体波测得的能量结果具有较好的一致性。用同样的方法,将来还可对不同地区更小的地震进行谱震级的测定,这无疑对地震学的进一步研究很有帮助。     

A Reanalysis and Reinterpretation of Geodetic and Geological Evidence of Glacial-Isostatic Adjustment in the Churchill Region, Hudson Bay

We review the historical, geological, tide-gauge, GPS and gravimetric evidence advanced in favour of, or against, continuing land uplift around Hudson Bay, Canada. We also reanalyse the tide-gauge and GPS data for Churchill using longer time series than those available to previous investigators. The dependence of the mean rate of relative sea-level change obtained from the tide-gauge record on the length and mid-epoch of the observation interval considered is investigated by means of a newly developed linear-trend analysis diagram. For studying the shorter-period variability of the tide-gauge record, the wavelet transform is used. The mean rate of land uplift obtained from GPS is based on a new analysis using IGS solutions of GFZ. To include the post-glacial land uplift, sea-level indicators from the Churchill region representing the relative sea-level history during the past 8000 years are also used. Finally, the values of the four observables are jointly inverted in terms of mantle viscosity. The optimum values are ~3.2 × 10²⁰ Pa s and ~1.6 × 10²² Pa s for the upper- and lower-mantle viscosities, respectively.