局域地区坐标转换七参数的求解及精度分析

针对试验中对坐标转换的应用范围和精度要求,本文从坐标转换七参数的解算方法、精度评定等方面进行了论述、分析,并结合某试验场区CGCS2000建设,进行了数据精度分析,为今后局域地区坐标转换提供了重要的理论依据。     

一种船舶坐标测量方法

船舶测量环境的特殊性给船舶测量带来了挑战,如何快速高效地完成船舶测量任务十分关键;本文采用全站仪配合球棱镜进行测量,在船头、船尾和船上分别架设仪器建立测站坐标系,通过公共点对各测站坐标系进行转换,统一建立龙骨坐标系,使船上所有测量点坐标均在龙骨坐标系下,以便在后期的安装测量及检测中能快速恢复龙骨坐标系并直接进行后续测量工作。事实表明该方法可以满足船舶测量的要求,准确可靠地完成了船舶测量的任务。     

基于最小二乘配置的三维空间坐标转换

在求解未知转换参数时,鉴于公共点坐标本身的误差,提出利用最小二乘配置法进行空间坐标转换,即将公共点本身坐标作为随机参数,把转换参数作为非随机参数进行处理,最后通过实验对比分析表明,该方法明显优于一般坐标转换方法。     

一种Brovey变换图像融合法的改进算法

分析了的Brovey变换融合算法,提出了一种新的基于Brovey变换、对数变换亮度调整的图像融合方法,试验数据的对比和分析证明了其保留多光谱影像的光谱信息.     

基于LBV变换的遥感影像多步骤分类法研究

面对与日俱增的遥感数据,如何快速准确地进行影像分类成为遥感领域亟待解决的问题。本文在前人的基础上提出了一种基于LBV变换的遥感影像多步骤分类方法。L:地物的总辐射水平,集中反映了裸地的信息;B:地物的可见-红外光辐射平衡,是地面水分状况和水体存在的一个良好指标;V:地物辐射随波段变化的方向和速度向量,能集中反映地面植被状况。多步骤分类法遵循由易到难的原则,能克服类别之间的互相影响,从而提高分类精度。文章结合LBV变换和多步骤分类法的优点对影像进行了分类,结果表明该方法简单易行,且能达到良好的分类精度。     

对提高导航型GPS定位精度之工作方法的探讨

论文主要介绍了导航型GPS坐标转换参数的计算方法和测量误差的改正方法。该方法的要点是通过实测多个公共点来计算坐标转换参数,以此获得较好的转换精度;并进一步对观测结果加以误差改正,从而提高其定位精度。     

基于BP神经网络的地图数字化误差纠正

由于在数字化采集过程中不可避免地会引入系统误差和异常误差,因此消除和削弱这些误差的影响是提高空间数据质量的关键。然而由于图纸变形不均匀,扫描误差又极其复杂,用常规的多项式拟合技术只能消除部分有规律的系统误差,很难完全消除它们对地图数字化坐标的影响。BP神经网络是一个高度非线性映射系统,能以任意精度逼近。结合地图数字化坐标改正的特点,本文给出了基于BP神经网络地图数字化坐标误差纠正的方法,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

GPS单点测速的误差分析及精度评价 (英文)

Error sources which decrease the accuracy of GPS in absolute velocity determination have been changed since SA was turned off. Firstly, quantities of all kinds of error sources that influence velocity determination are analyzed. The potential accuracy of GPS absolute velocity determination is derived from both theory and field GPS data simulation. After that, two tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of GPS absolute velocity determination in the case of a static and an airborne GPS receiver and INS （Inertial Navigation System） instrument in kinematic mode. In static mode, the receiver velocity has been estimated to be several mm/s with the carrier-phase derived Doppler measurements, and several cm/s with the receiver generated Doppler measurements. In kinematic mode, GPS absolute velocity estimates are compared with the synchronized measurements from the high accuracy INS. The root mean square statistics of the velocity discrepancies between GPS and INS come up to dm/s. Moreover, it has a strong correlation with the acceleration or jerk of the aircraft.     

On the multivariate total least-squares approach to empirical coordinate transformations. Three algorithms

The multivariate total least-squares (MTLS) approach aims at estimating a matrix of parameters, Ξ, from a linear model (Y−E _Y = (X−E _X ) · Ξ) that includes an observation matrix, Y, another observation matrix, X, and matrices of randomly distributed errors, E _Y and E _X . Two special cases of the MTLS approach include the standard multivariate least-squares approach where only the observation matrix, Y, is perturbed by random errors and, on the other hand, the data least-squares approach where only the coefficient matrix X is affected by random errors. In a previous contribution, the authors derived an iterative algorithm to solve the MTLS problem by using the nonlinear Euler–Lagrange conditions. In this contribution, new lemmas are developed to analyze the iterative algorithm, modify it, and compare it with a new ‘closed form’ solution that is based on the singular-value decomposition. For an application, the total least-squares approach is used to estimate the affine transformation parameters that convert cadastral data from the old to the new Israeli datum. Technical aspects of this approach, such as scaling the data and fixing the columns in the coefficient matrix are investigated. This case study illuminates the issue of “symmetry” in the treatment of two sets of coordinates for identical point fields, a topic that had already been emphasized by Teunissen (1989, Festschrift to Torben Krarup, Geodetic Institute Bull no. 58, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp 335–342). The differences between the standard least-squares and the TLS approach are analyzed in terms of the estimated variance component and a first-order approximation of the dispersion matrix of the estimated parameters.     

Thesaurus and Domain Ontology of Geoinformatics

Geoinformatics is a comparatively new interdisciplinary science and as a part of space informatics uses methods and terminology of informatics and many natural sciences. An ontology of geoinformatics is discussed in the paper, especially concerning its structure, relationships with other ontologies, resources for development and utilization. The ontology of geoinformatics is a kind of domain ontology and has a layered structure consisting of syntactic and semantic layers. The corpus of this ontology is an existing multilingual dictionary of geographical information systems (GIS) enriched with terminology from other external sources. The building of the ontology is preceded by the development of a taxonomy and thesaurus of geoinformatics. The thesaurus database is converted into an OWL ontology by a Visual Basic application. The reusing of the ontology is proposed by its transformation in application ontologies for geoinformatics education.