Tectonic uplift history of the Yitong Basin since the Oligocene,Northeast China：Evidence from apatite fission track ages and geological relationship

The Yitong Basin is an oil-bearing basin with unique characteristics in Northeast China. On the basis of apatite fission track ages and geological relationship, the tectonic uplift history of the Yitong Basin since the Oligo-cene was discussed. Based on apatite fission track analysis of five samples from the Luxiang and Chaluhe fault de-pressions and basin modeling study, it can be concluded that since the Oligocene (36.6 Ma) in the Yitong Basin, the Chaluhe fault depression has undergone two episodes of uplift during 24.9–19.1 Ma and 6.9–4.9 Ma. And the Luxi-ang fault depression also had undergone two episodes of uplift during 30–27.8 Ma and 22.6–11.1 Ma. Moreover, the average apparent exhumation rates for the Chaluhe fault depression and Luxiang fault depression, could be calcu-lated to be 70.34 and 60.33 m/Ma since 21.8 Ma and 18.9 Ma, respectively. The results of thermochronological analysis can also be supported by the evidence from geological relationships such as geodynamics, volcanic activity, and stratigraphic division and correlation.     

大别山榴辉岩中磷灰石的结构碳酸根

在大别山东南部的高压和超高压榴辉岩中发现磷灰石含有结构碳酸根。磷灰石主要以包裹体的形式存在于筛状变晶结构的石榴石中,其形成时间早于石榴石和榴辉岩的矿物组合。Ｘ射线衍射和傅立叶变换红外光谱研究表明,磷灰石中结构碳酸根替代「ＰＯ４」＾３－,表现为在１４５５－１４２２ｃｍ＾－１的吸收带,以及在１５０℃以下温度难以消除的在１６３０ｃｍ＾－１的吸附水,但常规Ｘ射线衍射和傅立叶变换红外光谱难以给出其含量。用EA－MS连线技术测量给出结构碳酸根的含量在0.95-5.24 CO2wt％。榴辉岩磷灰石中结构碳酸根的鉴定和碳含量的定量测定证明,在超高压变质过程中存在含CO2的峰变质流体。     

磷灰石固定水溶性铅离子研究进展

羟基磷灰石与天然磷灰石均能有效地固定水溶性铅离子,１ｇ羟基磷灰石或改性活性天然磷灰石除去水溶液中的铅离子量可以高达８００ｍｇ;其反应机理以磷灰石的溶解与铅的磷酸盐矿物的沉淀为主,伴有表面吸附作用。羟基磷灰石和改性活化天然磷灰石可用于含铅废水的处理,而性能良好的天然磷灰石在对铅污染水体、土壤及废弃物进行原地改良方面具有广阔的前景。     

定量确定中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔榴辉岩磷灰石中出溶体的组成:扫描电镜能谱分析(EDS)的应用

在不同类型变质岩和超基性岩的造岩矿物(如橄榄石、石榴子石、绿辉石等)中都发现了大小不一的固态出溶体。对大小仅为几个微米的出溶体,利用常规方法,电子探针、拉曼光谱等很难定量地确定它们的化学组分,严重地限制了对这些出溶体的地球化学动力学意义的认识。在最近的一系列研究中,发现榴辉岩中磷灰石含大量的出溶体,这些出溶体是平行于磷灰石C轴出溶的含铁、铜、铅等元素的硫化物。采用扫描电镜能谱分析(EDS)的点分析和线扫描技术,确定出溶体的主要组成元素,然后通过扣除磷灰石对所分析出溶域的贡献,能较准确地确定这些出溶体的化学组分,主要为FeS和FeS2。这些实验结果表明,利用扫描电镜的能谱分析(EDS)技术,通过点分析和线扫描,能够较精确地测量与母矿物之间化学成分差异较大的出溶体的化学组成。本文所提出的处理方法也适用于电子探针。     

新疆天山造山带新生代多期次剥露作用过程

天山造山带新生代剥露过程一直受到普遍关注。对沿横穿天山的乌鲁木齐-库尔勒公路胜利达坂以南段采集的基岩样品进行了详细的磷灰石裂变径迹分析。热史模拟结果显示,该段天山的新生代剥露历史分为两个阶段,即古近纪期间的缓慢剥露阶段和中新世以来的快速剥露阶段,其剥露速率分别为<30m/Ma和70~160m/Ma。综合分析前人在东天山、北天山以及南天山等天山不同区域取得的低温热年代学数据,我们认为,新生代天山造山带可能经历了4次快速剥露过程,分别开始于新生代早期(67~65Ma)、始新世中期(约 40±5Ma)、渐新世末-中新世中期(约 20±5Ma)以及中新世中晚期(约 10±2Ma)。这4次快速剥露过程分别发生于造山带的某一或某些区域,表明新生代天山地区的剥露过程存在明显的空间差异性。从整个天山造山带来看,渐新世末-中新世中期开始的快速剥露影响范围可能最广,是新生代天山地区一次重要的剥露作用过程。     

Thermochronology of Mesozoic Sandstone from the Beipiao Basin and Its Implication to Meso-Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Yan-Liao Orogenic Belt

1 IntroductionThe Yan-Liao orogenic belt lies in the northern segmentof the North China Block (NCB) (Fig. 1). During Mesozoicto Cenozoic time, it experienced intense tectono-magmaticactivation, accompanied by the formation ofintracontinental basins and widespread magmatism and is avery important area to study continental dynamics andMeso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution in eastern China. Mostof previous work in this area has focused on the formationof basement, structural style and volcano-se…     

Multiple Uplift and Exhumation of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from Low-Temperature Thermochronology

Since the Cenozoic, the Tibetan Plateau has experienced large-scale uplift and outgrowth due to the India–Asia collision. However, the mechanism and timing of these tectonic processes still remain debated. Here, using apatite fission track dating and inverse thermal modeling, we explore the mechanism of different phases of rapid cooling for different batholiths and intrusions in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. In contrast to previous views, we find that the coeval granitic batholith exposed in the same tectonic zone experienced differential fast uplift in different sites, indicating that the present Tibetan Plateau was the result of differential uplift rather than the entire lithosphere uplift related to lithospheric collapse during Cenozoic times. In addition, we also suggest that the 5–2 Ma mantle-related magmatism should be regarded as the critical trigger for the widely coeval cooling event in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, because it led to the increase in atmospheric CO2 level and a hotter upper crust than before, which are efficient for suddenly fast rock weathering and erosion. Finally, we propose that the current landform of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau was the combined influences of tectonic and climate.     

尉犁蛭石矿床的地质特征及成因探讨

新疆尉犁蛭石矿是个大型矿床,含矿岩体为晚元古代超基性杂岩,长4Km,宽200—600m,具分带性,外带为透辉岩,内带为金云母岩和碳酸岩.蛭石矿主要分布在岩体内带.近地表10m品位极富.矿石质量以膨胀Ⅰ级品为主,膨胀10—21倍,最大31.9倍;下部品位贫,膨胀性差,金云母为岩浆晚期结晶而成.蛭石由金云母风化而来.     

Characterisation of Apatites as Potential Uranium Reference Materials for Fission‐track Dating by LA‐ICP‐MS

We report homogeneity tests on large natural apatite crystals to evaluate their potential as U reference materials for apatite fission‐track (AFT) thermochronology by laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). The homogeneity tests include the measurements of major element concentrations by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), whereas for U concentration, isotope dilution (ID) ICP‐MS and laser ablation (LA) ICP‐MS were employed. Two apatite crystals are potential reference materials for LA‐ICP‐MS analysis: a 1 cm³ fraction of a Durango crystal (7.5 μg g^?1 U) and a 1 cm³ Mud Tank crystal (6.9 μg g^?1 U). The relative standard deviation (1 RSD) of the U concentration determined by ID‐ICP‐MS of both apatite crystals was ≤ 1.5%, whereas 1 RSD for the LA‐ICP‐MS results was better than 4%, providing sufficient homogeneity for fission‐track dating. The results on the U homogeneity for two different apatite samples are an important step towards establishing in situ dating routines for AFT analysis by LA‐ICP‐MS.     

Rhythmic Layering in the Apatite (-Magnetite) Deposit in the Fanshan Complex, North China

Abstract. The Fanshan complex consists of three (First- to Third-) Phases of intrusion. The First-Phase Intrusive is composed of rhythmic layers. The Fanshan apatite (-magnetite) deposit is situated near the top of no. 6 rhythmic Unit of the First-Phase Intrusive. Two sketch maps were drawn through the deposit along no. 25 cross-cut on 425 mL and no. 1 crosscut on 491 mL in the Fanshan mine. Through this mapping, a small-scaled rhythmic layering (called sub-rhythmic layering) was newly found. The sub-rhythmic layering consists of five typical rocks: biotite clinopyroxenite, biotite rock, biotite-apatite rock, alternation biotite-apatite rock and apatite rock. The thickness of layers varies from four millimeters to several meters. Six units of sub-rhythmic layering were distinguished. Each unit consists of biotite clinopyroxenite (or biotite rock and biotite-apatite rock) layer at the bottom and apatite rock layer at the top.
Major element compositions of biotite and clinopyroxene were analyzed. The trends of Mg/(Mg+Fe*+Mn) atomic ratio (Fe*: total iron) of biotite and clinopyroxene indicate that the magma evolved markedly from relatively magnesian bottom layer to less magnesian top layer in each sub-rhythmic unit. A general trend, however, through the whole sub-rhythmic layering sequence shows that the both minerals become relatively magnesian upwards. The hypotheses of liquid immiscibili-ty, gravitational settling and magma mixing are against with the results obtained in the present study. This study suggests that the apatite (-magnetite) deposit is formed through fractional crystallization process.