有机质在大厂锑矿成矿中的作用

有机质在大厂锑矿成矿中的作用王华云，施继锡（贵州省地矿局地质科学研究所．贵阳５５０００４）（中国科学院地球化学研究所．贵阳５５０００２）关键词有机质，锑矿，成矿作用大厂锑矿是黔西南金、锑、汞矿带中的一个重要成矿单元。该矿带明显受盆地和盆缘构造演化的控...     

锡矿山式锑矿床的成矿流体研究

锡矿山式锑矿床是已发现的锑矿床的重要类型之一。其成矿流体的研究对阐明该类型锑矿床形成的地球化学机理具有重要的理论意义。本文主要根据稀土元素、微量元素及稳定同位素等地球化学数据分析了成矿流体运移的趋势。结果表明 ,锑大多由地球深部提供 ;成矿介质流体以深部上升流体为主 ,并有一定量的大气降水参与。矿化剂既有来源于周围地层岩石的 ,又有来自地球深部的。还探讨了锑的迁移沉淀机制。成矿早阶段流体贫硫 ,使锑主要呈Sb(OH) 03,其余呈Sb2 S2 (OH) 02 形式迁移。至成矿中 晚阶段流体硫相对增高 ,锑大多呈HSb2 S-4、少量呈Sb2 S2 -4形式迁移。锑配合物主要由于成矿流体温度、压力和pH值的突然降低而被分解或酸化 ,从而导致辉锑矿的析出     

湖南锡矿山锑矿矿区煌斑岩的地球化学特征

对湖南锡矿山矿区煌斑岩脉进行了系统的元素和同位素地球化学研究，来探讨煌斑岩的成因。本区煌斑岩形成时代大约为120Ma，早于锑成矿时间，并与锑成矿有密切相关。其微量元素MORB蛛网图，以富集高场强元素，Nb-Ta亏损和Ti不亏损，Th强富集和Ce弱富集为特征，具有岛弧型玄武岩微量元素分配模式，构造环境可能为大陆内部破坏板块边缘。稀土元素具有总量高，无明显的负铕异常，配分模式呈轻稀土富集的右倾型特征。同位素以高^87Sr/^86Sr、低^143Nd/^144Nd为特征。结合元素地球化学、同位素特征和地质发展史分析，煌斑岩可能为富含REE和高场强元素的俯冲带流体交代过的富集地幔部分熔融所产生的岩浆，在上升过程中同化和混合很少量的矿区隐伏花岗岩浆和灰岩的产物。     

湖南锡矿山辉锑矿的矿物标型特征研究

辉锑太是湖南锡矿山锑矿床最主要的矿石矿的，通过野外地质调查和系统的内矿物学研究表明：辉锑矿晶体形态特征受晶体生长方向和生长速度影响；辉锑矿的常量元素和微量元素化学成分分析揭示了成矿溶液的某些信息，并有助于评价不同类型的矿石质量；随早世代到晚世代，辉锑矿晶胞参数变大，与其类质同像元素含量增大相一致，由a0值求得辉锑矿的形成温度为250℃－100℃，此外，还获得了辉锑矿反射率光谱图，光性特征，非均质旋转角等可靠的矿物学数据。     

贵州省晴隆大厂矿集区重力三维反演及深部找矿潜力研究

贵州省晴隆大厂矿集区为锑矿产重要资源地之一,研究认为矿集区锑矿成矿与断裂及岩浆活动关系密切。研究以重力资料为主,结合地质、矿产及地球化学资料,对重力数据进行相关处理分析及反演,提取断裂信息,推断花岗岩体三维空间形态; 综合分析断裂、岩体形态与地质、矿产及Sb-Au元素异常关系,推断认为深大断裂与浅部断裂为岩浆热液提供运移通道,并控制岩体顶面形态; 在断裂F8与断裂F11所夹持区域内的大厂—碧痕一带以及沿断裂F11一带,茅口组灰岩、峨眉山玄武岩组和断裂均发育,成矿元素组合Sb-Au异常强度高、规模大,是深部找矿有利区域。这一研究成果为深部勘查提供地球物理依据。     

锡矿山锑矿床成矿流体的热场研究

根据湘中盆地的水文地质特征，建立了热．重力驱动型的流体运移模型；选择有代表性的龙山-锡矿山剖面，在不同的假设条件下进行锡矿山锑矿床成矿时期流体的热场数值模拟；结合包裹体的研究结论，确定了锡矿山锑矿床的成矿模式：锡矿山锑矿床成矿时期流体主要来源于盆地边缘的大气降水，在运移过程中流体不断被加热，同时淋滤地层中的成矿物质成分，搬运到泥盆系灰岩中卸载成矿。模拟表明在锡矿山锑矿床的下部应有一个隐伏的岩体，它提供的热流值约0．2W／m^2。模拟结果还表明，在锡矿山地区成矿作用时期地温梯度约86℃／km，成矿部位的温度约180～200℃，古流体的密度为865～887kg／m3，在成矿部位的流速接近0．5m／a。     

藏北美多锑矿床容矿硅质岩的地质地球化学特征及成因

文章通过野外地质调查和系统的岩石学、岩石化学、稀土及微量元素地球化学研究，探讨了藏北美多锑矿床容矿硅质岩的成因和大地构造环境。研究结果表明，美多锑矿容矿硅质岩以致密块状硅质岩为主；主元素化学组成表明，其形成时有大量陆源火山碎屑物质的介入；稀土元素组成及配分模式与热水硅质岩不同，显示其形成于大陆边缘环境；硅质岩和凝灰岩均呈Ba、Sr、P、Ti明显亏损和Nb弱亏损的特点，类似于成熟大陆弧花岗岩。     

锑的野外快速分析方法——锑-5-Br-PADAP光导比色法

详细考察了在野外实验条件下碘锑络合物与2[(5溴2吡啶)偶氮]5二乙氨基苯酚(5BrPADAP)形成蓝色三元络合物的各种影响因素,制定了适合野外使用的测定锑的快速光导比色法。样品经王水封闭溶解后,用尿素除去残余的HNO3,在H2SO4介质中使碘锑络合物与5BrPADAP形成三元络合物,用自行开发研制的光导分光光度计进行比色测定。方法检出限(3s)为0.26μg/g,加标回收率为96.4%~102.4%,11次测定的精密度(RSD)小于8.90%。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,分析结果与标准值吻合。     

Arsenic and antimony contamination in the vicinity of Yata gold mine, Guizhou, China

The ores of the Yata gold mine in China are rich in arsenic and antimony, so the exploitation of this mine may also lead to the release of As and Sb to adjacent environments, such as stream water, stream sediment, soil, plants, and crops. To understand the environmental impact of mine tailings, samples of water, sediment, soil, plant and crop were collected and analyzed. In summer of 2005, the tailings dump was seriously flushed by a heavy flood, and the mine waste was transported far away. Samples were collected in December of 2004 and January of 2006, respectively, and the impact of the flood on the release of toxic elements was evaluated. The result shows that the Yata creek, which drains the mining area, was severely contaminated by As and Sb. The dissolved As and Sb in water are 86-1140 μg/L and 65-370 μg/L, the particulate As and Sb are 38-2100 μg/L and 25-420 μg/L, whereas As and Sb in the sediment are 190-760 μg/g and 69-210 μg/g, respectively. In water environment, As and Sb show a similar feature to SO4^2- since As and Sb exist dominantly as anions--H2AsO4^-, HAsO4^2- and SbO3^-. In contrast to Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, which migrate mostly in particulate form, As and Sb tend to transport in dissolved form.     

Is environmental antimony a potential health problem？

Antimony has long been recognized as a non-essential, potentially toxic element. It has recently been suggested, on the basis of measured elemental profiles in peat bogs, that natural levels of Sb in the environment have been overestimated by a factor of 10 and that anthropogenic Sb deposition from the atmosphere has closely followed that of Pb. The implication is that the health effects of environmental Sb may have been seriously underestimated. To examine these propositions, we have compared new data for Sb and Pb in dated cores from four Scottish ombrotrophic peat bogs, Carsegowan Moss, Flanders Moss, Red Moss of Balerno and Turclossie Moss, in southwest, west-central, east-central and northeast Scotland, respectively. Dried peat sections, 1 to 2 cm thick, were subjected to microwave-assisted digestion in nitric/hydrofluoric acid and subsequently analyzed for a range of elements （including Sb, Pb, and the conservative elements Sc, Ti） and Pb isotopic composition by ICP-OES and ICP-MS as appropriate. Three certified reference materials, including NIMT/UOE/FM/001 Peat, were used for quality control purposes. Radiometric dating of upper and lower sections of the cores was carried out using gamma spectrometry for ^21-Pb and accelerator mass spectrometry for ^14C, respectively Some 2000 years ago, in Roman times, both Sb and Pb were clearly elevated in Scottish peat but typically at concentrations below 0.1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively, with an average anthropogenic Sb/Pb ratio of-0.01.