福建宁德下洋伊利石矿矿床地质特征及成因探讨

宁德下洋伊利石矿呈脉状产出,贮存于晚侏罗世南园组火山碎屑岩石中,共发现有3个矿体。矿石可分为石英一伊利石型及叶蜡石伊利石型。矿体受北东向断裂控制,由火山碎屑岩经过热液交代形成。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组碎屑岩中自生伊利石形成机制及其对储层形成的影响

鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组砂岩骨架颗粒中几乎没有碎屑长石,残余的微量长石(在岩石中的平均含量为0.4%.低于X射线衍射检测限)主要为钾长石,同时具有较低的自生高岭石含量(1.02%)、很低的自生石英含量和同期火山物质含量,以及较高的自生伊利石含量(1.22%),这表明太原组的自生伊利石主要是在相对高温的深埋藏封闭条件下,通过钾长石溶解反应:钾长石+H~++H_2O→高岭石+硅质+K~+和高岭石伊利石化反应:高岭石+K~+→伊利石+H~++H_2O或其加和反应:钾长石+高岭石→硅质+伊利石+H_2O形成,后者通过消耗钾离子而克服钾长石溶解的动力学屏障,是前者的重要驱动反应,并向流体输出氢离子,因此对次生孔隙的形成、尤其是在相对深埋藏的成岩过程中与钾长石溶解有关的次生孔隙的形成具有显著的积极作用.     

昆阳磷矿床中白泥层粘土岩及成因分析

白泥层粘土岩是昆阳磷矿床中下寒武统渔户村组中谊村段富磷矿层的夹层。本文通过系统取样，对白泥层粘土岩进行了镜下鉴定、岩石化学分析和Ｘ射线衍射分析，确定白泥层粘土岩中主要粘土矿物为伊利石和伊利石／蒙脱石混层、含少量高岭石，非粘土矿物为石英、白云石、磷灰石等；同时对白泥层的形成环境及伊利石→蒙脱石的转化进行了探讨，为更加深入地研究昆阳磷矿的成因、成矿过程提供了最新的资料。     

矿物共生分析在很低级变质作用研究中的应用——以松潘—阿坝地区红参1井为例

自1967年Kübler用X射线衍射(XRD)法测量伊利石结晶度以划分极低级变质带以来,伊利石结晶度一直是划分极低级变质带的主要指标。但是不同的人用伊利石结晶度Kübler指数划分变质级的方案不同。因此,尚需要结合岩石学分析方法判定变质级。作为一种尝试,对川西北松潘—阿坝地区红参1井5975m深度内的变泥质岩进行了矿物共生分析。结果表明,钻遇地层遭受了高级近变质作用,只是由于岩石化学成分原因,未能出现泥质岩近变质指示矿物黑硬绿泥石,并未达到浅变质级别,不至于破坏油气的保存。Kisch(1990)提出的变质级划分方案比较符合研究区的实际情况。在极低级变质研究中应用矿物共生分析,一方面可以解决类似的结晶度研究的分歧,另一方面对于指导薄片观察以及X衍射物相分析十分有益。     

高岭石等粘土矿物对五氯苯酚的吸附及其与矿物表面化合态关系

高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石三种粘土矿物对五氯苯酚的吸附实验研究表明,其pH等温线为峰型曲线,三种矿物在pH<3时基本不吸附,在pH≈5或6时有一吸附峰,此后在pH≈6.5或7时有一低值,当pH>7时,高岭石和蒙脱石两矿物吸附量又表现出上升趋势。三种矿物表面位的化合态分析证明,吸附属于表面络合型,其峰型特征起因于矿物表面两种羟基位的化合态浓度和五氯苯酚的离子态浓度均随溶液pH变化而变化。     

油气成藏^40Ar-^39Ar定年难题与可行性分析

油气成藏作用伴生的矿物种类少,主要为碳酸盐矿物,以及少量石英和黄铁矿等,这些矿物均不适合用传统同位素年代学方法进行年龄测定,因此,油气成藏年龄是同位素年代学尚未解决的一大科学难题。^40Ar-^39Ar（K-Ar）法是可能应用于油气成藏年龄测定的首选同位素定年方法。从^40Ar-^39Ar法的优点和实验技术的角度,讨论了油气田样品^40Ar-^39Ar定年面临的主要技术难题、测定对象、测定方法和可行性。有机杂质气体纯化装置的研制成功,为开展油气成藏^40Ar-^39Ar年代学研究,并获得可靠的同位素年龄数据奠定了实验技术基础。     

Variations in Chemical Composition of Clay Minerals and Magnetic Susceptibility of Hydrothermally Altered Rocks in the Hishikari Epithermal Gold Deposit, SW Kyushu, Japan

Hydrothermal alteration, involving chiefly chlorite and illite, is extensively distributed within host rocks of the Pleistocene Hishikari Lower Andesites (HLA) and the Cretaceous Shimanto Supergroup (SSG) in the underground mining area of the Hishikari epithermal gold deposit, Kagoshima, Japan. Approximately 60% of the mineable auriferous quartz‐adularia veins in the Honko vein system occur in sedimentary rocks of the SSG, whereas all the veins of the Yamada vein system occur in volcanic rocks of the HLA. Variations in the abundance and chemical composition of hydrothermal minerals and magnetic susceptibility of the hydrothermally altered rocks of the HLA and SSG were analyzed. In volcanic rocks of the HLA, hydrothermal minerals such as quartz, chlorite, adularia, illite, and pyrite replaced primary minerals. The amount of hydrothermal minerals in the volcanic rocks including chlorite, adularia, illite, and pyrite as well as the altered and/or replaced pyroxenes and plagioclase phenocrysts increases toward the veins in the Honko vein system. The vein‐centered variation in mineral assemblage is pronounced within up to 25 m from the veins in the peripheral area of the Honko vein system, whereas it is not as apparent in the Yamada vein system. The hydrothermal minerals in sandstone of the SSG occur mainly as seams less than a few millimeters thick and are sporadically observed in halos along the veins and/or the seams. The alteration halos in sandstone of the SSG are restricted to within 1 m of the veins. In the peripheral area of the Honko vein system, chlorite in volcanic rocks is characterized by increasing in Al in its tetrahedral layer and the Fe/Fe + Mg ratio toward the veins, while illite in volcanic rocks has relatively low K and a restricted range of Fe/Fe + Mg ratios. Temperature estimates derived from chlorite geothermometry rise toward the veins within the volcanic rocks. The magnetic susceptibility of tuff breccia of the HLA varies from 21 to less than 0.01 × 10^?3 SI within a span of 40 m from the veins and has significant variation relative to that of andesite (27–0.06 × 10^?3 SI). The variation peripheral to the Honko vein system correlates with an increase in the abundance of hematite pseudomorphs after magnetite, the percentage of adularia and chlorite with high Fe/Fe + Mg ratios, and the degree of plagioclase alteration with decreasing distance to the veins. In contrast, sedimentary rocks of the SSG maintain a consistent magnetic susceptibility across the alteration zone, within a narrow range from 0.3 to 0.2 × 10^?3 SI. Magnetic susceptibility of volcanic rocks of the HLA, especially tuff breccia, could serve as an effective exploration tool for identifying altered volcanic rocks.     

贵州大方不规则I/S间层粘土的矿物学特征

本文叙述了贵州大方伊/蒙不规则间层粘土（I/S）的矿物学特征，包括矿物组成、化学成分、谱学特征、显微形貌特征以及理化特征，并对其应用前景进行了探讨。结合XRD和HRTEM两方面证据，获得了关于该矿物在C轴方向上的堆垛方式，三种以上共存的间层作用类型有力地证实了其不规则性。     

The role of minerals in the thermal alteration of organic matter--III. Generation of bitumen in laboratory experiments

A series of pyrolysis experiments, utilizing two different immature kerogens (from the Monterey and Green River Formations) mixed with common sedimentary minerals (calcite, illite, or Na-montmorillonite), was conducted to study the impact of the mineral matrix on the bitumen that was generated. Calcite has no significant influence on the thermal evolution of bitumen and also shows virtually no adsorption capacity for any of the pyrolysate. In contrast, montmorillonite and illite, to a lesser extent, alter bitumen during dry pyrolysis. Montmorillonite and illite also display strong adsorption capacities for the polar constituents of bitumen. By this process, hydrocarbons are substantially concentrated within the pyrolysate that is not strongly adsorbed on the clay matrices. The effects of the clay minerals are significantly reduced during hydrous pyrolysis. The strong adsorption capacities of montmorillonite and illite, as well as their thermocatalytic properties, may in part explain why light oils and gases are generated from certain argillaceous source-rock assemblages, whereas heavy immature oils are often derived from carbonate source rocks.     

合肥盆地三尖铺组~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar同位素年代地层学研究

合肥盆地南缘中生代红层层序及时代 ,由于缺乏可靠的化石依据 ,曾几经变动人为因素很大。根据三尖铺组红层中泥岩在沉积或成岩作用条件下形成的伊利石之 40 Ar- 39Ar定年 ,其坪年龄为 15 7.7～ 15 9.5 Ma,等时线年龄为 15 7.2～ 15 9.9Ma,并用 K- Ar法测年进行对比和验证 ,其值为 15 1.8～ 15 5 .8Ma,故确定其时代下限应为中侏罗世晚期 (卡洛维期 ) ,上限可能达晚侏罗世早期 (牛津期 )。40 Ar- 39Ar坪年龄谱还记录了晚侏罗世—早白垩世岩浆活动热事件信息 ,以及三尖铺组红层中陆源碎屑之母岩 (云母片岩及片麻岩等 )形成的冷却史。