Progressive sequence of reactions of the Ryoke metamorphism in the Yanai district, southwest Japan: the formation of cordierite

The compositions of biotite and muscovite were examined in terms of the paragenesis and the metamorphic grade in low- to medium-grade pelitic rocks of the Ryoke metamorphism in the Yanai district, southwest Japan. The biotite and muscovite that coexist with K-feldspar have a higher K component in an A'KF diagram than those in rocks lacking K-feldspar. This fact reflects an increase in the K₂O content in muscovite, but in biotite it reflects an increase of not only the K₂O content but also of the octahedral vacancy.
At higher metamorphic grade beyond the cordierite isograd, where cordierite coexists with neither chlorite nor K-feldspar, the biotite shows an increase in illite, K Aliv □xii−1 Si−1, and Tschermak components, Alvi Aliv R+−1 Si−1, where □xii and R+ denote the interlayer vacancy and (Fe+Mg+Mn), respectively. A reaction to define the cordierite isograd is proposed by treating this chemical change as being responsible for the first appearance of cordierite, i.e. K,Al-poor biotite+phengitic muscovite=K,Al-rich biotite+cordierite+quartz+water .By treating this as a key reaction in medium-grade metamorphism, a set of reaction in a progressive metamorphism is established for the Ryoke metamorphism, a typical low-pressure type metamorphism. Some textures in one of the high-grade areas, the K-feldspar-cordierite zone, suggest that a further two prograde reactions have taken place, i.e. andalusite+biotite+quartz=cordierite+K-feldspar+water
and   andalusite=sillimanite.quartz=cordierite+K-feldspar+water
This implies that this zone probably has a P–T  path involving isobaric heating.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部二叠系油气成藏的时间和期次

提要：油气成藏年代学是多旋回叠合盆地油气成藏动力学研究的热点问题。运用钻井岩心样品的自生伊利石同位素定年和流体包裹体间接定年方法,探讨分析了鄂尔多斯盆地东北部二叠系多期次油气成藏的时间和期次。含油气砂岩自生伊利石年龄以较宽的时间域分布在178~108 Ma,测年数据的统计分布特征指示二叠系原生油气成藏时间主要集中在175~155 Ma和145~115 Ma两组主值年龄区间,相应的峰值年龄为165 Ma和130 Ma。流体包裹体测温数据的统计分析与其宿主砂岩磷灰石裂变径迹热史模拟路径的投影关系表明,二叠系不同层段共同经历了与90~78 ℃和125~118 ℃两组统计峰温相应的162~153 Ma和140~128 Ma两期原生油气成藏事件,其中的上二叠统则还经历了统计峰温接近98 ℃、峰值年龄接近30 Ma的一期次生油气成藏事件。由此认为,鄂尔多斯盆地东北部二叠系不同层段在中生代早—中期的多旋回沉降增温过程至少经历了165~153 Ma和140~128 Ma的两期原生油气成藏作用,上二叠统则在晚白垩世以来盆地后期抬升改造阶段的构造动热转换过程经历了接近30 Ma的一期次生油气成藏作用。     

沁水盆地石炭—二叠系煤层气成藏期研究

根据储层的成岩序次、油气包裹体特征及含烃盐水包裹体均一温度,自生伊利石K-Ar同位素年龄,结合构造热演化史及裂变径迹资料,对沁水盆地石炭—二叠系煤层及顶板砂岩煤层气成藏期次进行了综合研究。认为该气藏主要有两大油气充注过程:第一期发生在三叠纪末—早侏罗世,山西组、太原组主力煤层普遍处于成熟阶段,主要生成液烃、气液烃包裹体;第二期发生在晚侏罗世—早白垩世,对应于干酪根裂解气阶段,为煤层气大量生成阶段,是石炭—二叠系煤层气的主要成藏期。山西组顶板砂岩样品自生伊利石年龄约为191Ma,表明早侏罗世,伴随盆地抬升,从煤层中解吸附的油气向砂岩储层充注的最早时间。     

关于甚低级变质作用与近变质带研究中的几个问题

本文集中讨论了甚低级变质作用研究中涉及到的几个问题，包括：① 近变质带的创立及其在解决划分成岩作用与变质作用界线这一国际难题中所取得的进步；② 伊利石结晶度对碎屑岩甚低级变质作用研究起到的作用与贡献；③ 仪器校正、粒度大小及其与Kübler指数的经验关系式；④ 泥质碎屑岩中的成岩指示矿物与变质指示矿物；⑤ 松潘 甘孜、巴颜喀拉造山带的甚低级变质作用的模式与新的成因解释；⑥ 讨论了涉及到的科学研究的相关规则。提出了运用指示矿物结合伊利石结晶度划分成岩作用/变质作用界线的方案和建立喜马拉雅伊利石结晶度标样的重要性与必要性；提出碎屑岩甚低级变质作用的新成因模式。     

利用自生伊利石激光加热~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年技术探讨惠州凹陷新近系油气充注时间

油气成藏年代学是新兴的学科发展方向。烃类充注之后,砂岩储层中自生伊利石停止生长,故可利用自生伊利石的年龄来推断储集层中油气藏形成的最老年龄。砂岩样品中存在的有机质在质谱仪离子源中产生的覆盖40Ar峰的有机碎片离子m/e36-m/e40将导致错误的同位素分析和年龄谱结果。经预处理后的伊利石样品加热后在质谱仪离子源中确实产生了有机碎片离子m/e36-m/e44,为获得可靠的分析结果,必须完全清除有机杂质气体。在攻克了有机杂质气体纯化技术之后,笔者开展了珠江口盆地惠州凹陷内3个富油气二级构造带油气藏砂岩自生伊利石40Ar-39Ar法定年研究,采取样品清洗、循环冷冻—加热法破碎样品、经苯-甲醇混合试剂洗油、采用离心机分离粘土矿物。自生伊利石激光阶段加热40Ar-39Ar定年最初低温阶段综合年龄结果表明,惠州凹陷珠海组和珠江组自生伊利石加权平均年龄分别为(12.1±1.1)Ma和(9.9±1.2)Ma,惠州凹陷新近系油气成藏关键时间为10Ma左右。结合该区断裂发育史、油气成藏组合和流体包裹体均一化温度等资料进一步分析认为,中中新世末—晚中新世末的晚期断层活化加强了新近系油气的成藏。     

伊利石的开发与应用

伊利石与叶蜡石不仅外观相似 ,物理性能相近 ,而且在浙东南 ,它们的地质成矿条件和分布区域也大致相同。有些地质专家将它们都归入“广义的蜡石”之列。叶蜡石的资源丰富 ,储量大 ,开发利用早 ,对伊利石的开发应用起到一个先导的作用。但深度开发是目前两个矿种面临的共同课题。     

黑龙江省上古生界伊利石的成因标志及其地质意义

采用XRD技术,对黑龙江省上古生界泥质岩石中伊利石结晶度、多型和b值进行了测定,以揭示该区晚古生代极低级变质作用特征。测定结果表明,伊利石结晶度（Kübler指数）主要变化于0.31～0.77 °Δ2θ,伊利石（白云母）b值主要变化于8.983～9.011 A伊利石（白云母）多型为1M_d型、1M_d+2M₁混合型和2M₁型。上述伊利石矿物学参数揭示出,该区上古生界泥质岩石主体属于中-低压相晚期成岩带-低级近变质带范畴。进一步的研究表明,伊利石b值和伊利石结晶度存在明显的负相关关系,即随伊利石b值的逐渐增大（压力升高）,伊利石结晶度逐渐减小（温度升高）,暗示伊利石形成于一种正常的与埋深有关的成岩-变质环境,继而揭示出该区上古生界的成岩作用与变质作用是一个统一的连续过程而不是两个相互无关的地质事件。结合区域地质背景和内蒙、吉林等地伊利石的研究成果可以认为,东北地区上古生界并未遭受大规模的绿片岩相区域变质作用,局部出现的某些绿片岩相（或更高级别）的变质岩应是动力变质作用或接触变质作用的产物。     

Thermal maturity assessment of the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic Nampo Group, mid-west Korea: Reconstruction of thermal history

Abstract   Thermal maturity of the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic Nampo Group, a sediment-fill of the Chungnam Basin located in the central western part of South Korea, was assessed by illite crystallinity measurement and sandstone microtexture analysis. The Nampo Group consists of a fluvio-lacustrine deposit bearing meta-anthracitic coals and was over-thrusted by the basement rocks. Sandstones are characterized by down sequence increasing illite crystallinity, from anchizone to epizone, which is strongly suggestive of burial heating. Deep-burial diagenesis and deformation are evidenced by well-developed pressure solution textures, whose intensity tends to increase down sequence, and by ductile deformation in the lowermost strata. On the basis of the result of illite crystallinity measurement, the maximum paleo-temperature and total burial depth of the Nampo Group are estimated to be ca 340°C and 10 km, respectively; these conditions are in good agreement with the observed ductile deformation features. The absence of strata younger than the Nampo Group in and around the Chungnam Basin suggests that deep burial of the Nampo Group was caused by tectonic crustal loading. The tectonic overload was because of basement over-thrusting that occurred during the Jurassic Daebo orogeny, which is closely related to the orthogonal subduction of the Izanagi Plate beneath the East Asian continent. Subsequent hydrothermal alteration disturbed the thermal maturity pattern, resulting in anomalously high illite crystallinity and meta-anthracitization.     

浙江外岗银多金属矿床热液蚀变短波红外光谱分析及找矿指示

中国东南沿海浙闽交界地区发现大量银多金属矿床,这些矿床以石英脉状矿化为主,并伴有明显的热液蚀变作用,关于其成因和控矿因素尚不清楚.文章以其中的外岗银多金属矿床为研究对象,开展了短波红外光谱测量(SWIR),提取蚀变矿物种类、组合信息,划分蚀变矿物分带,分析矿化强度与蚀变矿物组合及分带的关系.短波红外光谱测量识别出的蚀变...     

吉林省东部石炭-二叠系伊利石的成因标志

吉林东部石炭-二叠系主要是一套泥质岩石, 其详细深入的矿物学工作尚不多见。利用JSM-6700F场发射电镜及INCA能谱仪,研究了伊利石的显微形貌和微区成分。采用D/max-2500 X-射线衍射仪,研究了伊利石的结晶度、多型和b₀值。结果表明:研究区伊利石结晶度变化于0.26~0.77,平均值为0.44;伊利石（白云母）多型有3种类型,分别为1M_d型、1M_d+2M₁混合型和2M₁型;伊利石（白云母）b₀值为8.996~9.045,平均值为9.007Å。石炭系伊利石结晶度变化于0.26~0.50,平均值为0.35,主要呈2M₁多型,b₀平均值为9.011Å,主要是低级近变质带的产物;二叠系伊利石结晶度变化于0.26~0.50,平均值为0.42,主要为1M_d+2M₁混合型多型,b₀平均值为9.004Å,主要为晚期成岩带的产物。